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ON THE HISTORICITY OF THE PERIOD OF THE SHAYBANIS
Bakhtiorova Shakhina Khudoyorjonovna
2 nd year student of JDPU history faculty
J.B.Jumayev
Scientific supervisor.
Teacher of the history faculty of JDPU
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14065273
The Shaibani state is a state existing in the territories of present-day
Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kazakhstan, northern Afghanistan, and
southeastern Turkmenistan. It is known that Muhammad Shaybani began to
conquer Movarounnahr in 1499, and in 1500-1501 he conquered Samarkand
and declared it the capital of his state. In 1507, he finally established his
authority over all of Movarounnahr and Khorasan.
The period of the rule of the Shaybanites was characterized by prosperity.
Under them, some of the unique masterpieces of the Middle Ages were built. The
rulers made a significant contribution to the development of historiography
during the Shaybani period. Basically, the development of historiography is
related to factors such as political stability, cultural relations, scientific and
literary environment. The works written during the Shaibani period mainly
cover the following aspects: historical events, personalities and cultural
heritage. During this period, thoughts about historical problems and their
causes, various historical methods and theories were developed.
In the era of Shaibani, historiography is not limited to collecting historical
facts, but also focuses on analyzing historical events, evaluating them and
showing their interrelationships. This, in turn, created the ground for a more in-
depth study of the history of our nation. The majority of Shaybanis were
educated and paid great attention to science and culture.
In particular, Shaibanis such as Muhammad Shaybani Khan, Kochkunchi
Khan, Ubaidullah Khan, Rustam Sultan, Abdulaziz Khan, and Javanmardali Sultan
wrote poems in Turkish and Persian, and had sufficient potential in religious and
secular sciences. In particular, the libraries belonging to Abdulaziz Khan and
Abdullah Khan II were considered the largest book treasures of their time, they
were also engaged in copying, repairing and decorating manuscripts [1:252].
History was considered one of the most developed fields during the
Shaibani period.
For example, during this period, "Tawarihi Guzida-Nusratnama",
"Fathnama" by Mulla Shadi, "Zubdat al-asrar" by Abdullah Nasrullah,
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"Mehmonnomayi Bukhara" by Fazlullah Rozbekhan, "Badoye al-Waqoe" by
Zayniddin Wasifi, "Abdullanama" by Hafiz Tanish al-Bukhari. such major
historical works were created. These works give us important information about
the social and political life of the Shaibani era, mutual feudal wars and other
important social and political events [1:252].
"Tawarihi guzida-Nusratnoma" ("Selected stories-Victory book") is a work
written in the old Uzbek language, which mainly tells about the history of our
country at the beginning of the 16th century. The work is written in Chigatai
Turkish and is an anonymous source dedicated to the history of Shaybani Khan.
There are various disputes among researchers about the author of the work.
Some consider him Bahauddin Walid, others Muhammad Salih. However,
regardless of the identity of the author, this book is considered one of the
valuable works describing the history of the peoples of Central Asia.
The work is a valuable source of history, ethnography, art, language and
literature of Uzbek and other Central Asian peoples of the XV-XVI centuries. This
work is necessary for philologists and linguists who study the history of the
formation and development of the Uzbek language and literature, especially for
historians and source historians studying the period of the Mongols, Timurids,
and especially the Shaibani period. The reason is that this monument has not yet
been sufficiently studied by experts and has not been involved in research.
It also briefly describes the history of Oghuz Khan and Alankuva, that is, the
ancient history of the Turkic peoples, the reign of Genghis Khan and the Timurid
dynasty. The most valuable part of the work from the point of view of the
narrative of historical events is the history of Abulkhairkhan and Shaibanikhan,
which is directly written by the author. As we mentioned above, the author of
the work is unknown, but it is known from the text itself that Shaibani Khan was
one of the palace historians, and the fact that it was written by his direct
commission is stated at the very beginning: I was the reason... the king of
Muazzam Sahib as-Saif wal Qalam Imam Az-Zaman and Caliph When ar-Rahman
held the highest honor, suppressed the state, took the province of Movarunnahr,
killed him on the throne of the state and happiness, and made the sermon and
siqqa (coin) with the name of imam az-zaman and caliph ar-Rahman, blessed. I
came to the memory, until one night I selected from the histories and one night I
gathered the words into a circle of order. let the king of Kishwaristan know the
truth and the meaning of the gift of his generation." Currently, there is not a
single perfect copy of "Tawarihi guzida-Nusratnama" [2:456].
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Another important source related to the Shaybani era is the work
"Fathnama", which is divided into two parts: "Muqaddimah", which talks about
the history of the period before Timur in general, and "Zafarnama", the main
part, which covers the history of Timur's era. The work was written by Mulla
Shadi in 1502 on the order of Mahmud Sultan. From the day Muhammad
Shaybani was born to June 1501, the important political and military events that
took place in the Uzbek nation and the Movarounnahr region are widely
covered. The work describes Muhammad Shaybani's military operations in
Turkestan, Andijan, Bukhara and Karshi regions, as well as his skill in
marshalling troops. It was determined that there are 5 copies of the work in
world libraries [4:264].
The next source is the historical work "Zubdat ul-asar" ("Work of
Chronicles"). The author was Shaybani historian Abdullah Nasrullahi or
Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Ali Nasrullah.
Abdullah Nasrullahi is a historian and scientist from Balkh who lived in the
second half of the 15th century and the first half of the 16th century. In the 80s
and 90s of the 15th century, the historian was in the service of Badiuzzamon
Mirzo, the governor of Balkh in the Timurid region. After Herat was occupied by
Shaibani Khan in 1507, he entered his service. After the death of Muhammad
Shaibani Khan in 1510, his son Muhammad Temur came to Samarkand. Later,
Abdulla Nasrullahi Shaibani came to Tashkent with the sultans and went to the
service of Suyunchhoja Khan. Shortly after that, the son of the historian
Suyunchhoja Khan, the governor of Shahrukhiya, was hired by Sultan
Muhammad, also known as Keldi Muhammad, and in 1525 he wrote his book
"Zubdat ul-asar" on his behalf.
"Zubdat ul-asar" is written in the direction of general history and includes
socio-political events that took place in Muslim countries from ancient times to
1525. In it, the events that took place in Khorasan and Movarounnahr in the first
quarter of the 16th century are covered in some detail. Especially the ongoing
armed struggle between Shaybani sultans Kochkunchikhan, Jonibek Sultan,
Ubaydullah Khan, Muhammad Temur Sultan and Babur Mirza and his political
allies Safavids for Movarunnahr, and Suyunchhoja and Sultan Said Khan for the
crown in the middle of 1512-1514. struggle is depicted.
"Abdullanoma" ("Sharafnomayi Shahi") is a historical work dedicated to the
history of Movarounnahr in the 16th century. It was written in Persian by Hafiz
Tanish Bukhari between 1584 and 1590. The work is dedicated to the ruler of
Bukhara, Abdullah Khan II, and is called "Sharafnomayi Shahi" and some
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abridged copies are also called "Zafarnomayi Abdullah Khan". The work is
written in mixed rhymed prose and consists of an introduction, two articles
(parts) and conclusions. But it is not known when the last part of the work was
finished. In the introduction to the work, the political events that took place in
Movarounnahr before Abdullah Khan came to power - the invasion of Genghis
Khan and the rule of the Mongols, the establishment of the state of Abul Khair
Khan (1428-1468) in Dashti Kipchak, the marches of Shaybani Khan (1451-
1510) to Khorasan, the military conflicts between the Shaybani and Zahiruddin
Babur, and It is told about the lineage and lineage of Abdullah Khan [7:44,45].
In short, the historiography of the Shaibani period made a great
contribution to the cultural and political history of Uzbekistan. There is no doubt
that the works written during this period serve as an important source for
modern historiography. Historians of the period under study tried not only to
record the events, but also to analyze them and teach them to future generations
List of used literature:
1. Q. Ergashev, H. Hamidov. Publishing house named after Gafur Ghulam, 2015
2. Ziyayeva D.Kh. Sources and research on the history of Uzbekistan (XIX-early
XX centuries). Monograph. Tashkent: "Nurafshon business", 2020.
3. Habibullayev N.N. History of Uzbekistan (chronology). Volume 3. Tashkent:
"Science and technology", 2014.
4. Zamonov A. History of Bukhara Khanate. Methodical guide. Tashkent: "Bayoz",
2021.
5. Madraimov A., Fuzailova G. Source studies. Textbook for undergraduate
history students. Tashkent.: Publishing House of the National Society of
Philosophers of Uzbekistan, 2008.
6. Hafiz Tanish ibn Mirmuhammad Bukhari. "Abdullanoma". Volume 1,
Tashkent., 1966.
7. Usman Jorayev U., Usmanov Q, Jorayeva G., Norkulov N. History of Uzbekistan.
Textbook. Tashkent., 2019.
