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THE ROLE OF THEODORE DREISER IN AMERICAN LITERATURE
Khayrullayeva Yulduz Jo’ra qizi
An assistant teacher of University of Information technologies and management
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13729473
Abstract:
Theodore Dreiser was a significant figure in American literature,
particularly known for his role in the naturalist movement. Born in 1871,
Dreiser's work is marked by its realistic depiction of the struggles of individuals
against societal and economic forces. Dreiser was a prominent naturalist writer,
a movement that sought to portray life with scientific objectivity, focusing on the
influence of environment and heredity on human behavior. His works often
emphasize the darker, more deterministic aspects of human existence.
Key words:
realistic depiction, realism, naturalism, economic force,
poverty
Theodore Dreiser's role in American literature is significant for his
contributions to the development of naturalism and realism. Born in Terre
Haute, Indiana, Dreiser grew up in poverty, which deeply influenced his
worldview and literary themes. He began his career as a journalist, working for
various newspapers. His early journalistic work included reporting on political
and social issues, which would later influence his fiction. Dreiser is best known
for his association with the literary movement known as naturalism. This
movement emphasizes the influence of environment and heredity on human
behavior, often portraying characters struggling against larger social and
economic forces.
His works are notable for their unflinching depiction of social issues and
human nature. Dreiser is a key figure in American naturalism, a literary
movement that emerged in the late 19th century.” Naturalism extends realism
by emphasizing the impact of environment and heredity on human behavior.
Dreiser’s novels often explore how individuals are shaped by their socio-
economic conditions and biological impulses”
1
. Alongside realism, which focuses
on representing life accurately and depicting everyday experiences without
exaggeration, Dreiser’s work presents a raw and unvarnished view of society.
His portrayal of characters and social conditions often highlights the harsh
realities of life. Dreiser’s novels frequently critique the social and economic
systems of his time. He examines the effects of capitalism on individuals and
explores themes of ambition, moral compromise, and the pursuit of success.
1
David-Fox M. Sh. Triple ambiguity. Theodore Dreiser in Soviet Russia (1927-1928)
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His characters are often complex and driven by a mix of desires, needs,
and external pressures. This nuanced portrayal of human behavior contributes
to a deeper understanding of psychological and societal influences. “According
to influence on American fiction, Dreiser’s emphasis on detailed, character-
driven storytelling paved the way for future writers to explore similar themes of
social realism and psychological depth. His work influenced later authors who
grappled with similar concerns about society and human nature.”
2
His novels
were groundbreaking in their candid exploration of issues such as poverty,
sexuality, and class struggle. For instance, “Sister Carrie” was controversial for
its unflinching look at a woman’s sexual autonomy and social mobility,
challenging prevailing moral standards. Key Works and Their Impact "Sister
Carrie" (1900): Dreiser's first major novel, which explores the life of Carrie
Meeber, challenges social norms and highlights the struggles of a woman
striving for success in a morally ambiguous environment. It faced initial criticism
but later became a cornerstone of American literature.
"The Financier" (1912): This novel presents a detailed portrayal of a
ruthless financier and provides insight into the workings of capitalism and
personal ambition. "The Titan" (1914): The second installment in Dreiser’s
"Trilogy of Desire," it continues to explore themes of power and corruption,
focusing on the character of Frank Cowperwood. "An American Tragedy"
(1925): Perhaps Dreiser’s most famous work, this novel deals with the moral
and social consequences of a young man’s ambition and the impact of societal
expectations.
It is based on a real-life crime and remains a powerful exploration of
American social issues. While initially controversial and often criticized for its
perceived pessimism and moral ambiguity, Dreiser’s work has gained critical
acclaim for its realistic portrayal of human experiences and societal flaws.
Dreiser’s naturalistic approach has influenced a range of American writers and
has been a crucial part of the evolution of American literature. His works
continue to be studied for their insights into human nature and societal
dynamics. Initially met with controversy for its candid depiction of a woman's
sexuality and social mobility, it is now regarded as a pioneering work of
naturalism.
2
Matthew Josephson "Theodore Dreiser: At the Crossroads of American Naturalism,"
New York, Rinehart and
Company, 1948.
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His work frequently critiques the American Dream and the pursuit of
success, portraying characters whose aspirations are thwarted by systemic
forces and personal flaws. Dreiser’s novels helped to pave the way for modern
American fiction by incorporating a naturalistic approach to storytelling. His
focus on psychological depth and social criticism influenced later writers such as
Ernest Hemingway and John Steinbeck. Controversy and Reception: During his
lifetime, Dreiser’s work was often controversial due to its explicit content and
critique of societal norms. Despite this, his influence has grown over time, and
he is now considered a major figure in American literature. Theodore Dreiser’s
contributions to literature lie in his ability to blend naturalistic storytelling with
a critical examination of American society, making him a key figure in the
development of modern American fiction.
In summary, Theodore Dreiser’s role in American literature is marked by his
contributions to naturalism and realism, his exploration of social issues, and his
influence on the portrayal of complex characters and societal conditions. His
work remains an important part of the literary canon, reflecting and criticizing
the realities of American life in the early 20th century.
References:
1.
David-Fox M. Sh. Triple ambiguity. Theodore Dreiser in Soviet Russia
(1927-1928): a pilgrimage similar to an accusatory speech // Cultural studies:
Collection of scientific works / Ed. A. Etkinda, P. Lysakova. - SPb. : Publishing
House of the European University in St. Petersburg; M.: Summer Garden, 2006. -
S. 290-319
2.
Gerald W. McCarthy "Dreiser's Social Critique and the American Dream,"
Asian Social Science, Vol .5, No 5. June 2009
3.
Matthew Josephson "Theodore Dreiser: At the Crossroads of American
Naturalism," New York, Rinehart and Company, 1948.
4.
Richard Lingeman "Theodore Dreiser: A Biography” New York, Tudor
Publishing Company,1936.
5.
Shpakova A. P. American reality as depicted by Theodore Dreiser: (The
novel "American Tragedy"). - M., 1959 .-- 51 p. - (Knowledge to the masses /
Society for the dissemination of political and scientific knowledge of the RSFSR).
6.
Sadikova, S. “Different methods of translating phraseological units from
one language into another”. Academicia An International Multidisciplinary
Research Journal Anisimov I. I. Masters of culture: Anatole France. Romain
Rolland. Theodore Dreiser. Heinrich Mann. - 2nd ed. - M.: Fiction, 1971. - 288 p.
Baturin S.S.Dreiser. - M.: Young Guard, 1975 .-- 335 p. - (The life of wonderful
people; issue 12 (549)).l.
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7.
Thomas Tanselle "Theodore Dreiser: A Primary and Secondary
Bibliography," London, Clarendon Press, 1918.
8.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Dreiser
9.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-Dreiser
10.
https://www.library.upenn.edu/collections/notable/theodore-dreiser-
collection
11.
https://www.theodorealexander.co.uk/the-knickerbocker-dresser.html
