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MODERN TENDENCIES OF LEXICOGRAPHY
Qulmamatova Shakhnoza Azamjonovna
Teacher of the department №3 integrated course of English of the 3rd Faculty of
English, Uzbekistan State World languages University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13336143
Modern trends in English lexicography are associated with the emergence
and rapid development of such branches of linguistics as corpus linguistics and
computational linguistics. Corpus linguistics deals with the compilation of
various electronic corpora for research in various linguistic fields.
Computational linguistics is a branch of linguistics in which computer science
methods are used to analyze and synthesize language and speech. Computer
lexicography deals with the design, compilation, use and evaluation of electronic
dictionaries. Electronic dictionaries are fundamentally different in form, content
and functions from conventional dictionaries. Among the most significant
differences: 1) the use of multimedia tools; 2) navigation help pointers in
Windows-oriented software; 3) the use of sound, animation, audio and visual
(pictures, videos) elements, as well as interactive exercises and games; 4) a
variety of search and access methods that allow the user to determine the
output in several ways; 5) access to information and its search are no longer
determined by the internal, traditionally alphabetical organization of the
dictionary, but by the nonlinear structure of the text; 6) the use of hyperlinks
that allow you to easily and quickly cross-reference words within the article or
other words related to this entry.
For the first time this point on lexicography was expressed with certainty
by the prominent Soviet linguist Academician L.V. Shcherba. In the preface to the
Russian-French dictionary (1936), he wrote: «I consider it extremely wrong that
our qualified linguists disdain for dictionary work. How did she get such a
ridiculous name «compilation» of dictionaries. And indeed, our linguists, and
even more so our «compilers» of vocabulary, insisted that the work should be of
a scientific nature and in no way consist in a mechanical comparison of some
ready-made elements».
The last decade was marked by a significant rise in lexicographic activity
and the release of a large number of Russian-language author's words of new
types, the subject of the lexicographical description of which is paraliterature
and its derivatives, namely comics, feature films and computer games, computer
games, fantasy.
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Lexicographers came to the creation of qualitatively new reference books
from the point of view of the addressee, the issue of choosing sources.
It should be especially noted that the prototype of the new author's words
are the projects of the projects of reference books created by readers for the
works of the fantasy genre, which are of great interest among users. First of all,
this circumstance is associated with the lack of professional reference books for
modern works of the fantasy genre, which is difficult to understand without
certain cultural, historical and mythological knowledge.
Modern trends in English lexicography:
The modern period in the development of the lexicography of the English
language can be called "scientific or historical", since it is based on the following
concepts:
1) compilation of dictionaries according to the historical principle;
2) replacing the prescriptive or normative principle of compiling dictionaries
with a systemic descriptive approach;
3) description of vocabulary as a system.
The first scientific dictionary was Roger's Thesaurus, but the pearl of
English lexicography that best embodied these concepts is the Oxford English
Dictionary, the largest lexicographic project of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Work on it began under the auspices of the Royal Philological Society in 1857,
with the first volume published in 1888 and the last in 1933. The dictionary is
edited by Sir James Murray. Roger's thesaurus belongs to a special group of
dictionaries - ideographic. In thesaurus dictionaries, vocabulary is organized
according to a thematic principle. Roger began his work by dividing the
conceptual field of the English language into four large classes: abstract
relations, space, matter and spirit (mind, will, feelings). These classes are further
subdivided into several genera, which, in turn, are subdivided into a certain
number of species. Each species includes numbered groups. These groups (there
are 1000 of them in total) are designated by words with a sufficiently broad
semantics, which makes it possible to combine under them a number of words
that are close in meaning.
However, soon after the publication of the dictionary, it became clear that
it is very difficult to use it. Practice required a reasonable synthesis of the
ideographic and alphabetical arrangement of words. So Roger added an
alphabetical index to the dictionary, giving each word information about its
place in ideographic classification. Roger's thesaurus should be recognized as an
outstanding phenomenon in world lexicography. Its main advantage is that it
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was the first scientifically substantiated attempt to create a kind of mock-up of a
logically ordered language dictionary.
Recently, in the lexicography of the English language, there has been a clear
tendency to reflect linguistic phenomena in direct connection with the elements
of culture, thereby describing the influence of culture on the formation of
language. An example is Longman Dictionary of English and Culture, Macmillan
Dictionary.
The list of used literature:
1.Babich, Galina Nikolaevna (2016). Lexicology: a current guide = Lexicologia
angliskogo yazyka (8 ed.). Moscow: Flinta. p. 1. ISBN 978-5-9765-0249-9. OCLC
934368509.
2.Dzharasova, T. T. (2020). English lexicology and lexicography: theory and
practice (2 ed.). Almaty: Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. pp. 4–5. ISBN
978-601-04-0595-0.
3.Dzharasova, T. T. (2020). English lexicology and lexicography: theory and
practice (2 ed.). Almaty: Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. p. 41. ISBN 978-
601-04-0595-0.
4.Halliday, M. A. K. (2007). Lexicology: a short introduction. Colin Yallop.
London: Continuum. pp. 56–57. ISBN 978-1-4411-5054-7. OCLC 741690096.
5.Joseph, Brian D.; Janda, Richard D., eds. (2003), "The Handbook of Historical
Linguistics", The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, Oxford, UK: Blackwell
Publishing Ltd, p. 183, ISBN 9780631195719.
