Том 3 № 31 (2024): Академические исследования в современной науке

Many authors have assessed the effective action of isoflurane using an ischemic pulmonary model with ex vivo reperfusion [13]. Based on these actions, researchers have concluded that when preliminary preconditioning with isoflurane occurs, vascular resistance indicators increase and pulmonary tissue edema. The authors performed a comparative assessment of sevoflurane and isoflurane in terms of their effect on reducing ischemic and reperfusion injury to lung tissue, and found that a single inhalation at a minimum alveolar concentration 30 minutes before ischemic reperfusion with any anesthetic resulted in a decrease in lung injury biomarkers in an ex vivo model [13–15].

Перфорации перегородки носа имеют свои специфические клинические проявления, обусловленные нарушением аэродинамики в полости носа. Наличие данной патологии достоверно снижает качество жизни пациентов. Целью обзора явилось изучения современных взглядов на этиопатогенез перфорации перегородки носа. Материалы и методы исследования были 22 научный публикаций, опубликованный на международных информационных базах Google scholar, PubMed, Web of Science и Scopus. Результаты обзора показали, что причинами развития и рецидивов перфорации перегородки носа являются разнообразным, том числе и атрофия и рубцевания слизистой оболочки.  

Резкое изменение демографической и социальной ситуации в мировом масштабе вызывает рост частоты больных с осложненным сахарным диабетом, что в свою очередь, является причиной возникновения различных критических состояний в стационарных условиях. Особое место занимает гнойно-некротических осложненных форм синдрома диабетического стопа у больных сахарного диабета, знание врачом его острое и непредсказуемое течение, способствует снижению риска для пациентов.

Жаҳон соғлиқни сақлаш ташкилотининг (ЖССТ)маълумотига кўра, дунѐ аҳолисининг 30% да хуррак отиш (ронхопатия) кузатилади, 25–30% одамларда эса хуррак отиш обструктив уйқу апноэси синдромининг (ОУАС) белгисидир. «ОУАС касаллигига чалинганларнинг 95%и ронхопатияни бошдан кечириши ва унда хуррак отиш объектив белги бўлганлиги сабабли, ушбу инсонлар касаллик ривожланиши хавфи юқори бўлган гуруҳ деб ҳисобланишади, ҳамда касалликнинг прогрессивлик хусусияти юрак-қон томир ва нафас олиш тизимларига таъсир қилиб, жиддий асоратларни келтириб чиқариши мумкин, ҳатто 6-8% ҳолларда ОУАСдан ўлим кузатилади...» 1 .

Modern trends in English lexicography are associated with the emergence and rapid development of such branches of linguistics as corpus linguistics and computational linguistics. Corpus linguistics deals with the compilation of various electronic corpora for research in various linguistic fields. Computational linguistics is a branch of linguistics in which computer science methods are used to analyze and synthesize language and speech.

Of particular interest are the issues of gender differences in patients with coronary heart disease, an atypical form of angina pectoris. Coronary heart disease is not a linearly progressive, stable process. CHD is characterized by a change of phases of stable course and exacerbation of the disease.  In the population, only about 40-50% of all patients are aware of the presence of the disease and receive appropriate treatment, whereas in 50-60% the disease remains unrecognized [1].

This research paper explores the macroeconomic implications of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) on traditional banking systems. As central banks worldwide advance toward the implementation of CBDCs, these digital currencies are poised to fundamentally alter the financial landscape. This study examines the potential effects of CBDCs on commercial banks, particularly regarding deposit disintermediation, changes in revenue models, and the adaptation strategies banks may need to adopt. Additionally, the paper analyzes how CBDCs could influence monetary policy transmission, financial stability, and consumer behavior, including impacts on financial inclusion.

Хронический тонзиллит — одна из самых распространенных патологий лимфоэпителиального глоточного кольца. Основным патогеном при хроническом тонзиллите и его осложнений является β-гемолитический стрептококк группы А (БГСА). Этот патоген выявляется у 30—60% больных. Лечение часто болеющих детей с патологией лимфоидного кольца глотки остается актуальным и широко дискутируемым вопросом.

Ushbu tezis O‘zbekistonda sug‘urta bozorida amalga oshirilgan islohotlarning samaradorligini tahlil qilishga qaratilgan. Mamlakat sug‘urta sektoridagi islohotlar asosan regulyator tizimini takomillashtirish, raqamli texnologiyalarni joriy etish va mahsulot diversifikatsiyasini o‘z ichiga oladi. Islohotlarning amalga oshirilishi sug‘urta bozorining o‘sishiga, xizmatlardan foydalanish darajasining oshishiga va iqtisodiy barqarorlikni kuchaytirishga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatdi.

This article examines the process of creating a database of divergent technologies for enterprises. The database plays an important role in managing technological processes and increasing the efficiency of the enterprise. The possibilities of data collection, analysis and management through the use of digital technologies and information systems are analyzed. Ways to increase competitiveness of enterprises through the introduction of innovative technologies are also highlighted.

This article explores the intricacies of managing expense accounting in public sector professional educational institutions. It highlights the unique challenges faced by these institutions in tracking and controlling expenses, ensuring compliance with government regulations, and maintaining transparency. The discussion includes an examination of best practices for effective expense management, the integration of advanced accounting systems, and strategies for enhancing financial accountability. The ultimate goal is to optimize financial resources to support educational objectives while upholding the principles of fiscal responsibility and transparency.

Мақолада инновацион технологиялардан фойдаланган ҳолда ўқувчиларни инглиз тилига ўргатишнинг йўллари ҳақида фикр юритилган. Асосий эътибор уйда мутолаа қилиш, мустақил таълим, тинглаб тушуниш каби аспектларга қаратилган. 

Bu jarayonga ta’lim va kadrlar tayyorlash sohasida jadal axborotlashtirish, axborot kommunikatsiyalari, raqamli texnologiyalar, sun’iy intellekt, neyron tarmoqlar, multi-agentli tizim va texnologiyalardan keng joriy etilmoqda. Multi-agent texnologiyasidan foydalangan holda o'quv faoliyatini tashkil etish oliy o'quv yurtlari talabalarining kasbiy kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish imkonini beradi. Innovatsion metodlar, ko‘rgazmali didaktik o‘qitish vositalari, o‘qitish shakllarini ishlab chiqish, ta’lim modellarini takomillashtirish va raqobatbardosh kadrlar tizimini rivojlantirish bugungi kunning dolzarb pedagogik vazifalaridan biridir.

This article provides a philosophical analysis of the spiritual and moral views of The Thinker Alisher Navoi. The socio-philosophical significance of spirituality and morality in the creation of the foundation of a new Uzbekistan is highlighted. The poetic verses of Alisher Navoi have been philosophically analyzed.

The thesis examines the historical and technological factors that have driven the integration of Programmable Logic Integrated Circuits (PLIC) into railway automation systems. It underscores the crucial role of polynomial coding in ensuring the reliability of PLIC within digital systems. Polynomial coding is identified as a critical component in the design of reliable systems that utilize PLIC, providing effective error management and supporting the robust operation of complex automation tasks. The thesis further highlights that the integration of PLIC with polynomial coding represents a significant technological advancement, enhancing the resilience, efficiency, and safety of digital systems, particularly in complex and demanding applications such as railway automation. Finally, the thesis emphasizes that polynomial codes are essential for improving the reliability and safety of railway automation systems, making them a foundational element in the ongoing evolution and modernization of the industry.

Ushbu maqolada mamlakatimizga lagistika sohasining kirib kelishi, uning  ahamiyati, rivojlanish jarayonida yuzaga kelayotgan bir qator muammolar va ularga atroflicha yechimlar keltirib o‘tilgan. Bundan tashqari O‘zbekistonning lagistik salohiyati statistikalar asosida keng ko‘lamda tahlil qilingan.

Всем пациентам, перенесшим плановые операции на тонком кишечнике, в послеоперационном периоде проводилась контролируемая пациентом внутривенная анальгезия (КПА) морфином [11]. Кроме того, пациенты исследуемой группы получали внутривенную инфузию лидокаина 1мг/мин в течение 24 ч после операции.

According to many researchers, chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is one of the main causes of chronic renal failure among acquired diseases in children. A number of researchers believe that hypertension and proteinuria are the most important independent risk factors for the progression of kidney disease [1].

This article explores strategic measures for enhancing the management systems of Uzbek corporations to improve their global competitiveness. It delves into the integration of advanced technologies, strategic international alliances, and the development of a globally competent workforce. The paper highlights the importance of adhering to international standards and adopting sustainable practices to foster growth and resilience in the global marketplace.

This study investigates the relationship between motivation and valency in expanding the semantic field of the word “behavior.” Drawing on theoretical frameworks from cognitive linguistics and sociolinguistics, it posits that motivation, driven by social and cultural factors, plays a crucial role in shaping the semantic extensions of “behavior.” Furthermore, the study explores the influence of valency, specifically the number and type of arguments a verb takes, on the dynamic evolution of the semantic field. Using a corpus-based approach and focusing on contemporary language use, this research identifies key patterns and trends in the semantic expansion of “behavior.” The findings highlight the interconnectedness of motivation and valency in shaping language, offering valuable insights into the dynamic nature of language change and the nuanced interplay of social, cultural, and linguistic forces.

Ushbu maqolada voyaga yetmaganlar jinoyatchiligining oldini olishda viktimologik profilaktika chora-tadbirlarini ishlab chiqishni takomillashtirish haqida so`z boradi.

Ushbu ilmiy maqola O‘zbekistonda yashil iqtisodiyot sharoitida ekologik sug‘urtani rivojlantirish yo‘llarini tahlil qiladi. Maqolada ekologik sug‘urtaning joriy holati, mavjud muammolar, huquqiy va normativ bazaning takomillashtirilishi, sug‘urta xizmatlarini diversifikatsiya qilish va innovatsion texnologiyalarni joriy etish kabi masalalar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot, aholi xabardorligini oshirish, yangi mahsulotlar ishlab chiqish va davlat qo‘llab-quvvatlashi orqali ekologik sug‘urtaning samaradorligini oshirishga qaratilgan takliflar taqdim etadi. Natijada, ekologik sug‘urtaning rivojlanishi barqaror iqtisodiy o‘sishni ta'minlashda muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘ladi.

Установлено, что наиболее перспективным сортами для выращивания корнеплодов дайкона летом сроке посеве относятся сорта Дракон, Дубинушка, сортообразцы К-89 и К-91. Однако, сорт Саша и сортообразцы К-26, К-27, К-28, К-90 непригодны.

Hasan Basriy hikmatlari tarjimasining o‘ziga xos murakkab jihatlari borki, bunda tarjimon nafaqat so‘zma-so‘z tarjima qiladi, balki ohang, vazn, qofiya, ayniqsa, muallifning maqsadi – g‘oyani boshqa bir tilda aks ettira olishi kerak .Shu sababdan ham bunday tarjima bilan har qanday tarjimon shug‘ullana olmaydi. Ushbu maqoladan maqsad Hasan Basriy hikmatlarining arab tilidan o‘zbek tiliga tarjimasi jarayonidagi murakkabliklardan ayrimlarini ko‘rsatish va tarjima jarayonida o‘ziga xosliklarning jumladan: diniy masalalarning keng yoritilishi tahlilini ko‘rsatishdan iborat.

Битумы являются термопластичными материалами и их механические свойства изменяются в широких пределах при переходе от жидкого состояния в условиях высоких температур до твёрдого состояния при низких температурах. Под воздействием нагрузок в битумах возникают одновременно обратимые (упругие) и необратимые (пластические) деформации.

Концентрирование нефтяных остатков путём перегонки их в вакууме в присутствии водяного пара или инертного газа (при переработке тяжёлых асфальтосмолистых нефтей остаточные битумы получают атмосферной перегонкой).

In the realm of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education, fostering effective speaking skills is pivotal. The ability to communicate fluently and confidently in English is a key outcome of EFL instruction, yet it often poses a challenge for both students and educators. To bridge this gap, a variety of methods can be employed to generate and facilitate speaking skills. This thesis explores several effective strategies for enhancing speaking proficiency in EFL classrooms.

Разработал в 60-е годы XX века американский ученый в области лидерства Д. Мак-Грегор. В основе этой теории лежат два типа управления, отражающие взгляды на работников со стороны менеджеров.

Хронический синусит - одно их самых распространенных заболеваний в патологии верхних дыхательных путей. Симптомы синусита значительно снижают качество жизни пациентов. Появляются такие жалобы, как затруднение носового дыхания, выделения из носа, головная боль, изменяется обоняние, нарушается сон, снижается трудоспособность.

The digital economy has become a cornerstone of modern global commerce, intertwining technology and economic activity in unprecedented ways. From e-commerce and digital finance to artificial intelligence and blockchain, the digital realm has revolutionized how businesses operate and how economic transactions occur. However, this transformation brings significant regulatory challenges that necessitate international cooperation. This article explores the current landscape of international regulation concerning digital economic cooperation, identifies the major challenges, and proposes strategies for effective governance.

This study investigates the morphometric changes in the spine and trunk of middle-aged and elderly women before and after mastectomy. Utilizing a combination of radiographic imaging and clinical measurements, the research evaluates alterations in spinal curvature, trunk alignment, and overall posture resulting from the surgical intervention. The pre- and post-operative data reveal significant changes in spinal morphology and trunk positioning. This study highlights the necessity for post-mastectomy assessment and customized rehabilitation plans to address these morphometric alterations. The findings aim to enhance our understanding of the physical impact of mastectomy and inform strategies to improve post-operative recovery and quality of life for affected women.

Кандли диабет - метаболик касаллик бўлиб, унда инсулин етишмовчилиги ёки организмнинг инсулинга бўлган сезгирлигининг пасайиши кузатилади. Бу эса қон зардобидаги глюкоза даражасини ортишига ва микроангиопатия каби айрим асоратларни келтириб чиқаради.

Small firms represent a vital segment of economies globally, contributing to innovation, job creation, and economic growth. However, they often face significant challenges in competing with larger enterprises. This article explores strategic approaches and empirical insights aimed at enhancing the competitiveness of small firms. Key strategies include leveraging digital technologies, optimizing operational efficiencies, enhancing customer relationships, investing in human capital, harnessing data analytics, and fostering strategic partnerships. Empirical evidence highlights the effectiveness of these strategies in improving market position, profitability, and sustainability for small firms.

Reforming preschool education within the framework of the modern system of continuous education is a reality at the level of state policy. Based on this, the meaningful use of kindergarten time technology, its management increases the efficiency of the educational process in preschool educational organizations, leads to the early development of the mental and physical side of children. This increases the efficiency of preschool education. The article analyzes the scientific and theoretical aspects of these issues.

Although there has been substantial improvement in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) outcomes in recent decades, ASCVD remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Ischemic heart diseases is a constellation of disorders in which myocardial ischemia is the common pathophysiologic mechanism. In the vast majority of cases, this ischemia results from obstruction of coronary artery blood flow by atherosclerosis, but its severity and consequences are affected by other factors that affect myocardial oxygen demand (e.g., concurrent valvular disease, chronic hypertension, blood oxygenation, microvascular disease.

Рак предстательной железы (РПЖ) — злокачественное новообразование, происходящее из эпителия предстательной железы, и одно из самых распространенных онкологических заболеваний у мужчин в популяции [1].

Bolalarda kechadigon kasalliklarni oldini olish va unga qarshi kurashish,og`riqsiz va samarali davolash bu shifokorlarning hozirgi kundagi eng oliy madsadi desaam adashmagan bo`laman. Eng katta hozirgi kunda maqsadlardan biri bolajonlarni shifokor xuzurida bo`lganda uni qo`rquvini yengish,  tish davolanayotgan paytda uni og`riqni unitish uchun chalg`itish va samarali ishlash xisoblanadi.

The Constitution is followed in the adoption and implementation of adopted regulatory legal instruments and property rights changes. The protection of property rights and owner rights is the goal of several provisions in our Constitution, which is regarded as the supreme law of the land. In particular, Article 41 of the Constitution guarantees everyone the right to possess property. This constitutional norm states that a citizen's age, legal competence, or rights are irrelevant when determining ownership. Stated differently, a citizen is deemed to possess property by birth, and the law offers ample avenues for this to occur.

Острый инфаркт миокарда (ОИМ) является одной из ведущих причин смертности во всем мире. Значительная часть летальных исходов от ОИМ происходит на догоспитальном этапе. В данной статье рассматриваются факторы, влияющие на догоспитальную летальность от ОИМ, и возможные пути ее снижения. Обсуждаются потенциальные стратегии, направленные на уменьшение догоспитальной смертности от ОИМ, включая повышение осведомленности населения, оптимизацию работы скорой медицинской помощи и внедрение новых технологий.

Ushbu maqolada,Sharof Rashidov «Kashmir qo‘shig‘i»asaridagi Nargiz obrazi hamda jaxon adabiyotida Paolo Koeloning «Alkimyogar»asarida Nargiz obrazlarinig qiyosiy tahlili asosida differensatsiya,integratsiyasi o‘rganildi.Har ikki asarda Nargiz ma`naviy ulug‘vorlikni, iliqlikva samimiylikni, poklik va axloqiy barkamollikni, ezgu tuyg‘ular va chuqur fikrlar uyg‘unligini ifodaydi.Tezısda Nargiz ikki ijodkorda farqli tomoni jaxon adabiyotida Nargiz yigit,Sh.Rashidovda qiz obrazi ekanligi yoritildi.Gul obrazi ikki ijodkorda ham yetakchilik qilgan.Har ikki ijodkor ham estetikaning go‘zallik kategiriyasini o‘zgacha mahorat bilan ifodalagan.

This article is devoted to the issue of the development of the ideosphere of society in connection with cultural and educational growth. It is based on the fact that the cultural and educational development is carried out through the restoration of the population’s worldview, way of thinking, historical heritage and traditions. In the ideosphere of New Uzbekistan’s democratic society, it has been revealed that without strengthening the foundations of cultural advancement, it is impossible to achieve a new democratic mindset and way of thinking, as well as the development of a democratic society.

Yangilanayotgan  O’zbekistonda  fuqarolar, ayniqsa, yoshlar huquqiy ongini yuksaltirish mamlakatimizning kelajagini belgilaydi. Mamlakatimizning ertangi kuni, jamiyatda o’zgarishlarga sabab bo’ladigan, bunyodkorlik g’oyalarini hayotga tatbiq etuvchi muhim kuch, ma’naviy salohiyatli resurs hisoblangan yoshlarni ma’naviy va ijtimoiy jihatdan qo’llab-quvvatlash, jamiyatda munosib o’rin egallashlariga qulay shart-sharoit yaratish orqali ularni yurt taqdiri va kelajagini hal qiluvchi katta kuchga aylanishiga ko’maklashish har birimizning muhim vazifalarimizdan sanaladi.