All articles - Plant Sciences

The aim of the work is study and selection of high-yielding varieties and to determine the optimal terms and schemes of pepper planting, and to identify the density of plant standing, which ensures the production of high-quality seeds with good germination and germination energy.
Scientific novelty of the research works is as follow s:
For the first time in the conditions of Uzbekistan a complex study of 15 hot pepper accessions of different ecological and geographical groups on biological, morphological, economic-valuable traits was conducted and perspective lines 0437-7506, 0437-7510, 0038-9155-5-1, PP0337-7069 were revealed.
Different indices of variation (V,%) and correlations (r) between morphological and economically valuable traits as well as interrelation of yield with terms and planting schemes were studied.
The optimal terms for planting of hot pepper varieties seedlings in the field from 8 to 15th of May were identified.
Planting schemes were studied and appropriate the most cost-effective planting schemes 70x40 cm and 70x50 cm for varieties Uchkun, Tillarang, Mumtos and Margclansky-330 were recommended;
It was proved the expediency of harvesting seeds from the fruits of hot pepper with 30-40 days of fruit ripening on the bushes.
Based on the results of our research, new varieties of hot pepper have been released and included in the State Register of Uzbekistan: Uchkun (2009), Tylarang (2010) and Mumtoz (2015).

The aim is identification of the fodder plants of Kyzylkum and develops of methods for improving of degraded pastures on the base of selection of promising species.
The scientific novelty of the research is follow:
for the first time a list of fodder vascular plants Kyzylkum desert, consisting of 908 species belonging to 345 genera and 68 families was created;
hypothesis of progressive endemism of Kyzylkum desert flora was suggested on the base of western Pamir-Alay and western Tien-Shan mountainous floras;
dominating position of annual plants Kyzylkum desert fodder flora was revealed, showing worried callassociated with strong anthropogenic pressing on the desert vegetation;
leading position of Chenopods and Compositae families was revealed in the pasture vegetation of Middle Asia, which can be distinguished as a separated economic groups;
ecological-phytocenotic properties of 35 coenopopulations belonging to 6 rare and endangered species in Kyzylkum desert was revealed, on the base of coenopopulation structure was firstly evaluated their state-of-the-art;
large-scale vegetation map of the Aral Lake bottom was created with 30 units belonging to 11 formations and 4 types of vegetation;
main steps of primary succession map of the Aral Lake bottom vegetation was revealed;
new salt-tolerant plants were selected from the native flora, showing the ways of fixing of barchans by seedling introduction;
3 new species were described (Allium rinae F.O.Khass., Shomuradov et Tojibaev, A. ravenii F.O.Khass., Shomuradov et Kadyrov, Astragalus kuldzhuktauense F.O.Khass., Shomuradov&Esankulov).

The aim of the research work is determining the role of secondary metabolites and defensive proteins as abiotic stress resistance indicators, developing complex methodology for the evaluation of the putative negative effects of insecticides on cotton plant resistance against sucking pests - cotton aphid and spider mites.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
it has been determined that the quantity of antifeedant terpenoid aldehydes lowered after treatment with pyrethroids;
established, that the quantity of glutathion and total thiol groups in cotton leaves changed in mutual accordance after treatment with insecticides;
a new polypeptide of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate was determined in cotton leaves treated with sumi-alfa, has been proven its partial amino acid sequence;
the quantity of enzymes - elongation factor and fructose-bisphosphatc aldolase increased in cotton plant leaves, treated sumi-alfa, partial amino acid sequences of isoforms have been proven.

The aim of the research work is to determine the species composition of the algal flora in the middle course of the Zarafshan river and to justify significance of the indicative-saprobic species in assessing an ecological and sanitary state of water
The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in the followings: 331 species, varieties and special forms (219 species, 85 varieties, and 27 forms) were determined in the middle course of the Zarafshan river for the first time, and their list has been compiled as a result of studyng the species composition of the river’s algal flora; thirteen species and varieties previously not registered in Uzbekistan have been identified in the algal flora of the Zarafshan river’s middle course; alterations in the species composition of the algal flora have been registered in dependance of year seasons and river courses; formation of ecological algal cocnoses has been determined in accordance with all the ecological factors, year seasons and river courses; correlations between algal flora of the river and numbers of the indicative-saprobic species have been proved.

The aim of research work. Taxonomically justification of independence of species and genera of family Elaeagnaceae Juss. in the territory of Uzbekistan, selection of perspective forms and introduction in production.
The scientific novelty of the research is follow:
two species of the genus Elaeagnus L. (£. angustifolia L., E. songarica (Bcmh. ex Schltdl.) Fisch, ex Trautv.) on the basis of the comparative analysis of taxons of the family Elaeagnaceae Juss for the first time determined;
genus Hippophae L., it is presented by the single species of H. rhamnoides L., and H. turkestanica (Rousi) Tzvel., is a synonym;
duration of stages of an ontogenesis of E. angustifolia L. is for the first time revealed, also the sum of average daily efficient temperatures is specified;
the morphological variability of signs of the sucker, sea-buckthorn is revealed and their polymorphism is proved;
existence of three types of the trichomes and two the sympodial types -akrosympodial and mczosympodial branching at E. angustifolia and H. rhamnoides is for the first time defined;
12 associations from a formation of Elaeagneta and 7 associations from a formation of Hippophaeta arc revealed and the structure of 6 cenopopulations is disclosed;
the life form and adaptive evolution of the sucker and sea-buckthorn is proved.

This article highlights important scientific evidence on the distribution area of dye plants in the ecological conditions of Surkhandarya, their importance in human life, and their study. Based on the research results, data on the biological characteristics of coloring plants and their adaptability to environmental factors are presented. The article also discusses the physiological and biochemical properties of plants such as saffron (Crocus sativus), indigofera (Indigofera tinctoria L.), and their use in industry and medicine. The use of these plants as a natural dye source, their impact on the environment, and economic significance were also analyzed.

Under the influence of external factors and pathogenic microorganisms, the development of various diseases is observed in ornamental trees and shrubs. To prevent such negative phenomena, it is possible to contribute to environmental protection by studying the species composition of the micromycete biota, identifying the diseases they cause, and improving measures to combat them. In the process of studying the micromycetes of higher plants of the Denau dendrarium, it was established that fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, rust, cystosporosis, septoria, phylloxytosis, and morsonia are widespread in this area. This article provides information on fungal diseases found in trees and shrubs in the Denau district, in particular, the disease cytospora and measures to combat it.