Иқтисодиётни рақамлаштириш
шароитида қулай ишбилармонлик
муҳитини ривожлантириш йўналишлари
54
PRIORITY DIRECTIONS AND TRENDS OF THE MECHANISM OF
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF SMALL BUSINESS
ENTITIES IN INDUSTRIAL SECTORS OF UZBEKISTAN
Gaibnazarova Zumrat Talatovna,
DSc, Professor,
Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov,
Farkhodov Bobir Utkirovich,
Trainee researcher,
Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov
Abstract.
The article examines the existing problems in the activity of small
business entities in industrial sectors of Uzbekistan, and the tasks they face. Priority
directions and trends of the mechanism of sustainable development of small
business entities were also considered. The authors developed proposals through an
individual approach to this issue.
Keywords:
priority directions, mechanism trends, sustainable development,
activities of small business entities, industrial sectors.
Global economic changes in production in connection with reforms and
scientific and technical development in the context of transition to digital
economy in our country determine many tasks for small business entities. High
results can be achieved only if there is a mechanism formed for the development
of small business entities.
Currently, specific instructions on special mechanism, strategy or
development programs are being developed for small business entities to choose
the right direction of development.
There is a need to form a scientifically based mechanism for economic
analysis and assessment of the development of small business entities. It requires
a timely reorientation of strategy, which can then be decided on stability of factors
affecting its internal development.
The following tasks must be solved to achieve set goal:
−
to select of the main components of the mechanism;
−
to describe the elements and reveal their composition;
−
to determine the presence of components of the mechanism in industrial
enterprises.
The interdependent multi-level system of economic structures, the
interdependence of regulatory and legal procedures, the establishment of the
mechanism for stabilization of production and economic activity creates a basis
for determining the organizational capabilities of the mechanism. It allows
increasing significantly the ability to update it. A sum of these processes
constitutes the composition of the mechanism of development of small business
entities.
Иқтисодиётни рақамлаштириш
шароитида қулай ишбилармонлик
муҳитини ривожлантириш йўналишлари
55
According to O.N.Grigorova, the process of qualitative renewal of the
system, as well as relations between the elements during its operation, will be
aimed at forming a mechanism of sustainable development of the enterprise.
Together with the sustainability of the enterprise, this process includes stages of
innovation development, preparation, implementation and use.
The mechanism of sustainable development includes the following
components: a mechanism for organizing the management process, a mechanism
for strategic planning of corporate relations, a mechanism for evaluating financial
and economic indicators, a mechanism for financing investment and innovation
projects of the enterprise, a mechanism for digitalization of technological
processes, self-sufficiency or ability to cover costs mechanisms and mechanism of
introducing innovative products.
In description of the mechanism of sustainable development of industrial
enterprise, it is necessary to combine various normative legal documents and
influencing tools. A system of individual mechanisms aimed at solving the specific
sustainable development goals of the enterprise is considered as a sustainable
development mechanism of the enterprise.
Taking into account the influence of environmental factors in the
development of the mechanism of sustainable development, the growth of its life
span and economic efficiency is ensured through the optimization of interactions
in organizational relations. This mechanism can also be based on organizational
technology of using employees.
As a result of the analyzes of economists A.A.Gibadullin and O.N.Grigorova,
the following mechanisms of sustainable development can be distinguished:
−
social mechanisms
–
it is a complex set of rules and tools by which people
and members of society develop their potential to move towards sustainable
development. These include: education, health, culture, etc.;
−
economic mechanisms
–
it is a set of technologies, rules and tools that
produce economic results that are disproportionate to management
requirements and policies. They can be divided into 3 categories: based on a
number of tools, number of price documents and information tools.
−
ecological mechanisms
–
it is one of the most flexible mechanisms. This
mechanism was mainly developed as means of reducing the spread of harmful
waste to environment and is revealed as means of attracting investment
resources directed to alternative and economical technologies of energy. It is
green technologies, green products and green production that can be considered
as a set of environmental documents, regulations and tools that promote
sustainable development by promoting renewable energy sources.
−
political mechanisms are a set of interrelated tools that help and hinder
the development of all sectors in the country and minimize human factor.
Иқтисодиётни рақамлаштириш
шароитида қулай ишбилармонлик
муҳитини ривожлантириш йўналишлари
56
−
financial mechanisms
–
it is a set of indicators and instruments that
ensure that production and financial indicators are in balanced state for stable
operation of industrial enterprises.
From our point of view, sustainable development is a comprehensive and
multidimensional process, which requires constant coordination and
improvement of goals, strategies and mechanisms that create the basis for
achieving results.
It is necessary to separate and consider its main components in order to
form a mechanism of sustainable development.
In forming the strategic goals of industrial enterprise, it is necessary to
determine the main goal that affects the main strategy of the enterprise and
expands the opportunities for sustainable development. Any enterprise results
related to reaching a certain level of production, increasing sales, increasing
profitability, increasing product quality, and reducing the number of defective
products serve as the main strategic goals in sustainable development.
At this stage, the type of modern forms of economic management increases
and their role increases. This, in turn, indicates that market relations in economy
will become digital. The period of transition to digital economy requires directly
the use of new methods by state in regulating industrial processes and production
conditions in general. Taxes, prices, licenses, customs fees, budget funds and other
additional instruments are main means of implementing certain methods for
sustainable development.
I.G. Gorlovskaya emphasizes the need to form a mechanism of sustainable
development of industrial enterprises using state regulatory tools. The author
divides them into three groups. The first group is a tool aimed at economic
component of the mechanism of sustainable development of the enterprise. The
second group of tools develops social component of mechanism of sustainable
development. The third group is aimed at forming the ecological component of
the mechanism.
The principles of sustainable development mechanism include:
independence, self-financing, interest, sufficiency, flexibility, regeneration,
reproduction and consumer orientation.
D.S.Kondaurova divided the principles of sustainable development into
4 groups. They are: systematic, general, private and special groups. According to
him, these principles can describe and distinguish the concept of sustainable
development of socio-economic system in very broad sense. Analyzing various
scientific literature, it can be seen that each author interprets the main principles
of sustainable development based on his own direction. Undoubtedly, in terms of
principles of sustainable development of industrial enterprises today, there is still
no definite conclusion, because each industrial enterprise determines this
principle based on its own characteristics and internal capabilities. In most cases,
Иқтисодиётни рақамлаштириш
шароитида қулай ишбилармонлик
муҳитини ривожлантириш йўналишлари
57
different principles are encountered, all of which correspond to the concept of
sustainable development of the enterprise, but these developed and applied
principles cannot be called perfect for all industrial enterprises. Because the
results obtained from them are always different.
The next element involved in the process of development of the mechanism
of sustainable development of industrial enterprises is composition of factors that
determine the conditions affecting the development of the enterprise. They are
one of the most important factors in effective operation of industrial enterprise.
Their distribution into separate types is a necessity of solving the problems of
ensuring the sustainable development of industrial enterprises. That is, the ability
to reach a new level of quality is the main factor in strengthening and increasing
the stability of vital activity of industrial enterprise. Taking into account the
influence of external and internal environmental factors, at the same time,
transformation of social and economic and technical and financial activities in
industrial enterprise in the way of automation of processes at the expense of
digital technologies serves as a basis for the goal of achieving sustainable
development and continuous growth. The most important task for activity of
industrial enterprise is not only to ensure stability, but also to achieve sustainable
development continuously.
The following were achieved as a result of ongoing reforms for consistent
development of industrial sectors:
−
sharp declines in the production of industrial products were not allowed;
−
social stability was maintained at the expense of large industrial
enterprises;
−
support of strategically important sectors, primarily fuel and energy
complex, has been providing economic growth in recent years.
A key to successful balanced activity is to find optimal solutions, recognizing
the impact of various factors on sustainable development of industrial enterprise
and their specific characteristics.
The mechanism developed in the process of assessing the level of
sustainable development of an industrial enterprise is an important element in its
structure, and its normal operation leads to the increase in enterprise income.
The analysis of the state of industrial enterprise allows to determine the
elements and software of necessary mechanisms for sustainable development of
the enterprise aimed at renewal. In implementation of economic activity in
industrial enterprise, in preparation, forecasting, planning and implementation of
the strategy of the enterprise, it is necessary to evaluate the necessary dynamics
in the process of sustainable development and determine the level of achievement
of necessary goals, taking into account the previously established goals.
A task of developing scientific and theoretical bases for analyzing and
evaluating the level of sustainable development of an industrial enterprise is to
determine the most optimal ways to evaluate the trend of sustainable
Иқтисодиётни рақамлаштириш
шароитида қулай ишбилармонлик
муҳитини ривожлантириш йўналишлари
58
development of enterprises operating in state and industrial sectors. This task
increases the possibility of describing the potential of industrial enterprises and
creates a basis for making recommendations on the dynamics of key indicators
and development of a mechanism for sustainable development of enterprises.
Activities to create a system of necessary economic indicators or determine
the level of sustainable development of the enterprise serve as a program for the
successful implementation of its strategic development. In the conditions of
current digital economy, in order to analyze the results of activities that
determine the stability of the system, it is necessary to accelerate the processes
related to the development and implementation of indicators of sustainable
development of industrial enterprises.
It is worth noting that the increase in volume of production of industrial
products in the GDP of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as organization of sales
process, requires to be carried out in proportion to the increase in efficiency of all
resources of industrial enterprise. In addition, it is necessary to increase the
quality level of economic indicators, improve social and economic status and well-
being of company employees. However, in the conditions of modern digital
economy, it is not always possible for industrial enterprise to obtain additional
funds for marketing, trade policy, as well as state support to ensure sustainable
development and business competitiveness. In such situation, the industrial
enterprise is forced to look for its own sources of internal development.
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