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Linguistic analysis and translation problems of tax-customs terms in English and Uzbek languages
Abstract
The topicality and necessity of the thesis. The characteristics and classifications of the terms concerning taxation and customs sphere, carrying out the comparative linguistic analysis between different languages and defining their linguistic features, as well as working out methods and methodologies of translating terms arc the important problems before the linguists of the world.
After gaining independence, the Republic of Uzbekistan established the equal legal socio-economic, political, cultural and diplomatic relations with many foreign countries of the world. Over 25 years of independence has increased the contribution of economic agents in the development of our economy and therefore the need for further improvement of tax and customs systems The establishment of relations of cooperation with foreign entrepreneurs and businessmen who come to our country. From this point, demands for tax and customs systems, preparation of highly qualified and skilled, competitive staff who can communicate fluent in several foreign languages. Consequently, there is a need to research thoroughly TC terms in the areas. In this sense, it is true the following thought, which says: “ ...the decision of a number of urgent problems, how to expand the scope of the study of our native language and publish comparative etymological dictionaries, to develop the necessary terms and phrases, concepts and categories, ... in short, comprehensively, on a scientific basis to develop the Uzbek language, ... to create opportunities for our children, so that they fluent in foreign languages, no doubt, will serve for the benefit of our noble goals”79.
Contrastive-comparative researching of tax and customs terminologies (TC80) in English and Uzbek languages is considerably relevance with that promoting of international cooperation relations in the tax and customs sphere and the creation of a sense of necessary conditions for economic agents. To date, one of the most urgent and important problems is the development of scientific research and leading principles of linguistic features translated multilayer lexemes, terminological units from the point of view of linguistics and translation theory. Disclosure of the lexical-semantic, functional and structural characteristics of connotative and denotative peculiarities of tax and customs terms ensures adequate translation. The results of these studies are intended to serve the implementation of the members of the society of tax and other obligatory payments on the basis of specific and concise terms, identical understanding, enhance legal awareness and culture of citizens in this area.
The present research will contribute to carrying out the tasks stipulated in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on 10 December 2012 of the number № PD-1875 “On measures for further improvement of foreign language learning system”. It may be useful in the implementation of the tasks defined in the Presidential Decree “On establishment of the Tashkent State University of Uzbek language and literature named after Alisher Navoi” № 4797 as of May 13, 2016, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On approval of the Tax Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan in new edition*' December 25, 2007 № LRU-136, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On approval of the Customs Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan in new edition” January 20, 2016 № LRU -400 and other normative-legal documents.
The aim of research work is a comparative-typological analysis of the linguistic features of the tax and customs terms in English and Uzbek languages, as well as working out their translation methods.
Scientific novelty of the Research is as follows:
derivational principles of English and Uzbek tax and customs terms, affixation, morphemic-morphological, lexic-scmantic, functional-semantic and syntactic structures of these terms comprehensively were revealed for the first time;
features of tax and customs tenns in Uzbek and English languages; historical formation and their pragma linguistic eventfulness in discourse arc scientifically proved;
current situation of English and Uzbek tax-customs terminology, their gene pool fund and disclosed the way of enrichment tax and customs terms from internal and external opportunities have been investigated, as well as identified the quantitative indicators of borrowed layers;
research disclosed and scientifically proved some prevent (interfere) factors as synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, hyper-hyponym and their influence in translation of tax and customs terms;
principles and adequate translation methods of tax and customs terms worked out while translating from English into Uzbek, and vice versa;
scientifically proven importance of precautions from idiomatic units of words with stylistic color in terminology, imagery and expressiveness, as well as slang in translation of tax and customs terms, as well as tax-customs terms unified and regulated.
Conclusion
1. It is required the creative assimilation of scientific sources should be explored TC terms not only in terms of features of economic categories, but also in terms of the comparative-typological linguistic aspects and should be taken into account the nature of translation, in comparison with the national language.
2. Basing on the complex of knowledge accumulated by humanity for centuries, with the comparative study of the TC terminology translation aspect, with the definition of integral and differential peculiarities and characteristics of the transmission in the translation of the terms of two languages. The approach to the TC terminology will enable a comprehensive and deeply explore the terminological system of these two spheres.
3. TC terminology is composed of several important lexical-semantic groups as an integral system by category. These are: 1) The tenns denoting the names of the subjects of the TC system; 2) The terms denoting the names of objects and documents imposed by the obligations to pay the taxes and customs duties; 3) The terms denoting functionality during TC practice; 4) The terms used in the practice of the system during the commission of illegal acts.
4. The main sources of formation of the TC terms are due to internal and external resources of language. However, there is a high level of development of borrowing words from other languages in TC terminology. The lexical layer is an integral part of the economic sphere. The economic sphere is characterized by an immediate merger with the global integration process. There are various ways to borrow the words by tracing the full and partial in this lexicon. As well as the borrowing of the words as they arc in both languages, except for borrowed terms, actively functioning and international terms, which occur not only from the Greek and Latin languages, but lexemes borrowed from Italian (7%), Germany (9%), France (19%), Russian ( Slavic) (21%) languages, which constitute a special layer in linguistics.
5. The formation of TC terminology units is carried out by several methods in English and Uzbek languages: 1) The method of affixation; 2) The lexical-semantic method; 3) Composition wa|y; 4) Conversion means; 5) Acronyms and abbreviations.
6. Tax and customs terms are divided into two main types compared languages: tenns with mono component and the terms with multi component (complex terms and the terms in the phrase form). But the number of terms is dominated by multi-component in both languages (in English language - 61.7%, in Uzbek - 78%) make up the core vocabulary.
7. Synonymous, homonymous, polysemantic tenns, hyper-hyperonimic relations and the relations of antonyms are common in TC terminology of English and Uzbek languages. Difficulties of translations of synonymous, homonymous and polysemantic relations are closely linked with the results of such phenomena in terminology as “term formation and terminological specialization (transtcrminology)”. It should be paid attention to the integral features in two languages and differential features of the terms in translation process. It is advisable to translate the terms in caique which have integral characteristics and the tenns must be translated in “transformation” (lexical, semantic, grammatical, pragmatic) which have differential features.
8. It is necessary to investigate the issue of adequate translation tax and customs terms from a foreign language into the national language from the national into a foreign language due to contextual situation in the first place. It is necessary to research the linguistic features of tax and customs terms of Uzbek language in terminology system comparatively with other languages. This process enables a positive solution of two main problems: 1) the creative study and assimilation of the tax and customs sources in foreign languages; 2) detennine the criteria for the development of long-term, strategic directions of the special vocabulary of the national language.
9. Acceleration of the process of transition to a stable market economy and the rapid development of production, independently business of our country put forward unification (ordering) problem of tax and customs tenns. To resolve such problems successfully should be carried out as follows:
- To provide a scientific and practical approach to issue of ordering TC terminology as other areas of terminology;
- To consider the criteria for ordering TC terminology and correct use of terminology units as the most urgent issue on the agenda, to conduct constant control over it;
- It is one of the important issues to create a bilingual (English-Uzbek) explanatory dictionary, which fully covers all TC terms that accurately and correctly expressed the essence of the translation of all the terms.
10. Scientific research of TC terminology serves to ensure accuracy, brevity and accessibility, understanding by all members of society the rights and obligations of payment of tax and customs.
11. Scientific research of TC terminology will be an important impetus to increasing legal awareness and culture of the people in this field. In this sense, the study of the TC terminology, not only by the example of the English and Uzbek languages, and their in-depth study on the example of other world languages, cooperation in this field with foreign scientists and experts is considered an important task.
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Akhmedov, O. (2025). Linguistic analysis and translation problems of tax-customs terms in English and Uzbek languages. Catalog of Dissertations and Abstracts, 1(1), 1–87. Retrieved from https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/dissertations/article/view/65167
Abstract
The topicality and necessity of the thesis. The characteristics and classifications of the terms concerning taxation and customs sphere, carrying out the comparative linguistic analysis between different languages and defining their linguistic features, as well as working out methods and methodologies of translating terms arc the important problems before the linguists of the world.
After gaining independence, the Republic of Uzbekistan established the equal legal socio-economic, political, cultural and diplomatic relations with many foreign countries of the world. Over 25 years of independence has increased the contribution of economic agents in the development of our economy and therefore the need for further improvement of tax and customs systems The establishment of relations of cooperation with foreign entrepreneurs and businessmen who come to our country. From this point, demands for tax and customs systems, preparation of highly qualified and skilled, competitive staff who can communicate fluent in several foreign languages. Consequently, there is a need to research thoroughly TC terms in the areas. In this sense, it is true the following thought, which says: “ ...the decision of a number of urgent problems, how to expand the scope of the study of our native language and publish comparative etymological dictionaries, to develop the necessary terms and phrases, concepts and categories, ... in short, comprehensively, on a scientific basis to develop the Uzbek language, ... to create opportunities for our children, so that they fluent in foreign languages, no doubt, will serve for the benefit of our noble goals”79.
Contrastive-comparative researching of tax and customs terminologies (TC80) in English and Uzbek languages is considerably relevance with that promoting of international cooperation relations in the tax and customs sphere and the creation of a sense of necessary conditions for economic agents. To date, one of the most urgent and important problems is the development of scientific research and leading principles of linguistic features translated multilayer lexemes, terminological units from the point of view of linguistics and translation theory. Disclosure of the lexical-semantic, functional and structural characteristics of connotative and denotative peculiarities of tax and customs terms ensures adequate translation. The results of these studies are intended to serve the implementation of the members of the society of tax and other obligatory payments on the basis of specific and concise terms, identical understanding, enhance legal awareness and culture of citizens in this area.
The present research will contribute to carrying out the tasks stipulated in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on 10 December 2012 of the number № PD-1875 “On measures for further improvement of foreign language learning system”. It may be useful in the implementation of the tasks defined in the Presidential Decree “On establishment of the Tashkent State University of Uzbek language and literature named after Alisher Navoi” № 4797 as of May 13, 2016, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On approval of the Tax Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan in new edition*' December 25, 2007 № LRU-136, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On approval of the Customs Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan in new edition” January 20, 2016 № LRU -400 and other normative-legal documents.
The aim of research work is a comparative-typological analysis of the linguistic features of the tax and customs terms in English and Uzbek languages, as well as working out their translation methods.
Scientific novelty of the Research is as follows:
derivational principles of English and Uzbek tax and customs terms, affixation, morphemic-morphological, lexic-scmantic, functional-semantic and syntactic structures of these terms comprehensively were revealed for the first time;
features of tax and customs tenns in Uzbek and English languages; historical formation and their pragma linguistic eventfulness in discourse arc scientifically proved;
current situation of English and Uzbek tax-customs terminology, their gene pool fund and disclosed the way of enrichment tax and customs terms from internal and external opportunities have been investigated, as well as identified the quantitative indicators of borrowed layers;
research disclosed and scientifically proved some prevent (interfere) factors as synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, hyper-hyponym and their influence in translation of tax and customs terms;
principles and adequate translation methods of tax and customs terms worked out while translating from English into Uzbek, and vice versa;
scientifically proven importance of precautions from idiomatic units of words with stylistic color in terminology, imagery and expressiveness, as well as slang in translation of tax and customs terms, as well as tax-customs terms unified and regulated.
Conclusion
1. It is required the creative assimilation of scientific sources should be explored TC terms not only in terms of features of economic categories, but also in terms of the comparative-typological linguistic aspects and should be taken into account the nature of translation, in comparison with the national language.
2. Basing on the complex of knowledge accumulated by humanity for centuries, with the comparative study of the TC terminology translation aspect, with the definition of integral and differential peculiarities and characteristics of the transmission in the translation of the terms of two languages. The approach to the TC terminology will enable a comprehensive and deeply explore the terminological system of these two spheres.
3. TC terminology is composed of several important lexical-semantic groups as an integral system by category. These are: 1) The tenns denoting the names of the subjects of the TC system; 2) The terms denoting the names of objects and documents imposed by the obligations to pay the taxes and customs duties; 3) The terms denoting functionality during TC practice; 4) The terms used in the practice of the system during the commission of illegal acts.
4. The main sources of formation of the TC terms are due to internal and external resources of language. However, there is a high level of development of borrowing words from other languages in TC terminology. The lexical layer is an integral part of the economic sphere. The economic sphere is characterized by an immediate merger with the global integration process. There are various ways to borrow the words by tracing the full and partial in this lexicon. As well as the borrowing of the words as they arc in both languages, except for borrowed terms, actively functioning and international terms, which occur not only from the Greek and Latin languages, but lexemes borrowed from Italian (7%), Germany (9%), France (19%), Russian ( Slavic) (21%) languages, which constitute a special layer in linguistics.
5. The formation of TC terminology units is carried out by several methods in English and Uzbek languages: 1) The method of affixation; 2) The lexical-semantic method; 3) Composition wa|y; 4) Conversion means; 5) Acronyms and abbreviations.
6. Tax and customs terms are divided into two main types compared languages: tenns with mono component and the terms with multi component (complex terms and the terms in the phrase form). But the number of terms is dominated by multi-component in both languages (in English language - 61.7%, in Uzbek - 78%) make up the core vocabulary.
7. Synonymous, homonymous, polysemantic tenns, hyper-hyperonimic relations and the relations of antonyms are common in TC terminology of English and Uzbek languages. Difficulties of translations of synonymous, homonymous and polysemantic relations are closely linked with the results of such phenomena in terminology as “term formation and terminological specialization (transtcrminology)”. It should be paid attention to the integral features in two languages and differential features of the terms in translation process. It is advisable to translate the terms in caique which have integral characteristics and the tenns must be translated in “transformation” (lexical, semantic, grammatical, pragmatic) which have differential features.
8. It is necessary to investigate the issue of adequate translation tax and customs terms from a foreign language into the national language from the national into a foreign language due to contextual situation in the first place. It is necessary to research the linguistic features of tax and customs terms of Uzbek language in terminology system comparatively with other languages. This process enables a positive solution of two main problems: 1) the creative study and assimilation of the tax and customs sources in foreign languages; 2) detennine the criteria for the development of long-term, strategic directions of the special vocabulary of the national language.
9. Acceleration of the process of transition to a stable market economy and the rapid development of production, independently business of our country put forward unification (ordering) problem of tax and customs tenns. To resolve such problems successfully should be carried out as follows:
- To provide a scientific and practical approach to issue of ordering TC terminology as other areas of terminology;
- To consider the criteria for ordering TC terminology and correct use of terminology units as the most urgent issue on the agenda, to conduct constant control over it;
- It is one of the important issues to create a bilingual (English-Uzbek) explanatory dictionary, which fully covers all TC terms that accurately and correctly expressed the essence of the translation of all the terms.
10. Scientific research of TC terminology serves to ensure accuracy, brevity and accessibility, understanding by all members of society the rights and obligations of payment of tax and customs.
11. Scientific research of TC terminology will be an important impetus to increasing legal awareness and culture of the people in this field. In this sense, the study of the TC terminology, not only by the example of the English and Uzbek languages, and their in-depth study on the example of other world languages, cooperation in this field with foreign scientists and experts is considered an important task.
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References
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Ахмедов О. Инглиз тили солик ва божхона терминларини таржимасида интеграл ва дифференциал хусусиятлари // Иктисодиётни модернизациялаш ва ишлаб чикаришни таркибий кайта куриш шароитида солик муносабатларини такомиллаштиришнинг долзарб вазифалари. Ёш олимлар ва иктидорли талабаларнинг Республика илмий - амалий конференция материаллари туплами. -Т.: 2010. - Б. 304 -307.
Ахмедов О. Инглиз тили солик ва божхона терминлари таржимасида транспозицион узгариш // Иктисодиётни модернизациялаш ва дивсрсификациялаш шароитида бюджет-солик сиёсатини такомиллаштириш муаммолари. Республика илмий - амалий конференция материаллари туплами. -Т.: 2010.-Б. 391 -393.
Ахмедов О. Инглиз тили солик ва божхона терминларининг таржимадаги функционал-семантик хусусиятлари // Нофилологик олий укув юртларида хорижий тил таълимининг долзарб муаммолари. Республика илмий-мстодик конференция материаллари туплами. -Т.: 2010. - Б. 54 - 56.
Ахмедов О. Солик ва божхона терминлар таржимасига ретроспектив назар // Иктисодиётни модернизациялаш ва диверсификациялашда солик сиёсатининг урни ва ахамияти. Республика илмий-амалий конференция материаллари туплами. -Т.: 2011. - Б. 261 - 264.
Ахмедов О. Инглиз ва узбек солик ва божхона терминларининг киёсий- типологик тахдили // Иктисодиётни модернизациялаш ва таркибий узгартириш шароитида бюджст-солик сиёсатининг устувор йуналишлари. Республика илмий-амалий конференция материаллари туплами. -Т.: 2011. - Б. 220-223.
Ахмедов О. Об особенностях унификации налоговых и таможенных терминов (на примере англо-русско-узбекских языков) // Kluczowc Aspckty Naukowcj Dzialalnosci. Международный научный-практичсский конференция. -Прага: 2013. - С.37 - 39.
Ахмедов О. Задачи лсксико - семантической группировки налоговой и таможенной терминологии // Найновите научни постижения - 2013. Международный научный-практичсский конференция. - Болгария: 2013. - С.26 -28. '
Akhmedov О. Linguistic analysis and translation problems of tax and customs terms // Naukowa Przestrzen Europy - 2013. Международный научный -практический конференция. - Чехия: 2013. - С. 30 -35.
Ахмедов О. Солик ва божхона терминларини тартибга солиш масаласи // Тадбиркорликни янада ривожлантириш учун купай ишбилармонлик ва инвестиция мухитини шакллантиришда солик сиёсатини тутган урни. Республика илмий-амалий конференция материаллари туплами. -Т.: 2013. - Б. 187-190.
Ахмедов О. Общенаучные термины широкой семантики налоговой и таможенной терминосистемы // Zpravy Vedecke Ideje - 2013. Международный научный-практический конференция. - Прага: 2013. - С. 48 - 50.
Ахмедов О. Инглизча божхона ва солик терминларининг берилишида байналмилаллик хусусиятлар // Таълим жараёни ва касбий фаолиятда ахборот технологиялари. Республика илмий-амалий конференция материаллари туплами. -Т.: 2015. - Б. 32 - 35.
Ахмедов О. Инглиз адабий тили ва унинг вариантларидаги солик-бож терминларининг таржима килиш муаммолари // Инвестицион иклим ва ишбилармонлик мухитини янада яхшилашдаги солик механизмининг рагбатлантирувчи роли. Республика илмий-амалий конференция материаллари туплами. -Т.: 2015. - Б. 79 - 81.
