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FORMATION FACTORS OF ENGLISH ROMANTICISM LITERATURE
Sulaymanova Dilnoza Xamzayevna –
“TIIAME” National Research University
Bukhara Institute of Natural Resources Management, teacher of the Uzbek language
and literature department
Annotation:
This article provides information on the characteristics of English
Romanticism, the emergence of Romantic literature, and the creation of genres in this
period, as well as English writers who wrote during the Romanticism period.
Keywords:
Romanticism, lyrical ballad, poetry, French Revolution, image of
nature, ideological, enlightenment.
Romanticism is an ideological and artistic trend in the culture of the late
eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth centuries. Romanticism arose in Europe in
response to the Great French Revolution of 1789-1794, the depression that dominated
the values of the Enlightenment and the bourgeoisie. So what is romanticism and how
did its symptoms manifest in literature?
In contrast to classicism, which affirmed the inviolability of the principles of the
state and the service of public interests, the new direction expressed personal
freedom, freedom from society. Romanticism brought many innovations to all areas
of artistic activity.
Lyrical works allowed to reflect a person's feelings, inner experiences. A strong
person becomes a new hero by experiencing a mismatch between inner aspirations
and the demands of society. The appropriate independent character for lyrical works
is nature. The image of nature (often with elements of mysticism) helps to understand
the state of man, his inner worldview.
In the past, romantics were not only human characters, but also their own they
were also able to see the characters formed under the influence of the time.
The Enlightenment was a time of great spirituality and intelligence a romantic
hero who has created many positive images it doesn't have to be positive, it reflects
the author's ideal had to.
For romantics, artistic reality is more real than the existing reality.
An artist who is fed up with the absurdity of real life often seek meaning from
the past or events from the past. sar spends time in distant, exotic lands.
The appeal to national history, folk epics, folklore has become the basis of the
new theme. The works shed light on the heroic past. In the person of the main hero of
folk epics, all the events in the nation are covered as they are. Almost all such heroes
are described as sacrificing their lives for great purposes. Myths and traditions help
us to escape from everyday life to the world of fiction and characters.
The peculiarity of his literature before the Romantic period was the
contradiction between this individual and society. Against the background of
scientific and technological progress, the growing complexity of the social and
political structure, there was a spiritual destruction of the individual. The Romantics
tried to draw attention to this situation, to provoke a protest against the lack of
spirituality and selfishness in society. The Romantics were depressed by the events
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unfolding around them, by the world, and this despair was evident in all their works.
Some of them, for example, the F.R.Chateaubriand, believed that man could not resist
the mysterious forces, that he should obey them and not try to change his destiny.
English romantics such as J.Byron, P.B.Shelli considered it necessary to "fight the so-
called evil of the world" and compared it to the power of the human spirit.
The inner world of the romantic hero was full of emotions and passions, and
throughout the coverage of the work, the author forced him to struggle with the
outside world, duty and conscience and the recognition of his right to independence
and liberty. In the art of Romanticism, the emphasis on the individual characteristics
of the individual, freedom of speech, sincerity, freedom, and naturalness became new
criteria. Representatives of the new trend rejected practicality and rationalism,
glorifying the inspiration and emotionality of expression.
Young people were especially influenced by romance because they had the
opportunity to read and study a lot, enriching the knowledge and skills they had
acquired. In the literature, romantics appealed to mysterious, terrifying: fairy tales
and popular beliefs. In the English romantic literature, originality, the main features
of which are as follows:
– Fully creative freedom.
– Diversity of genres.
– Personal, lyrical beginning of works.
– Extraordinary and imaginary events.
– Transfer the heroes to difficult situations.
– A vivid depiction of the character of the protagonists.
– Often the actions in the works take place in distant lands with strange
conditions.
Representatives of different currents and currents began to appear in the
literature of Romanticism. One such trend was the protesting romantics. They were
dissatisfied with many realities of life. The second group is peaceful individualists,
representatives of a movement that acts on the basis of their feelings. Representatives
of this movement are only those who live with their feelings, the feelings of peace
that bother them with peaceful pleasures and tears by analyzing their feelings. They
love their "sensitive" heart, they know only a loving, sorrowful “love,” a pure, lofty
“friendship” – they shed tears with desire; "Sweet melancholy" is their favorite mood.
They love the gloomy nature, the evening scenery, the fog, the golden sun and the
gentle rays of the moon.
A new school of English Romantic literature emerged and was called the Lake
School (from lake-English, meaning lake). The main representatives of this school
are English writers Wordsworth, Coldridge, William Blake. Representatives of the
next direction are called the revolutionary direction bed. They are: George Gordon
Byron and Percy Byshe Shelley. The third line is Kite, Lem, Hazlitt, Hunt,
representatives of the London romantics. English romanticism is distinguished from
other romantics by its interest in social problems: they compare modern bourgeois
society with old, pre-bourgeois relations, the song of nature, simple, natural feelings.
In short, in English romanticism, the emotions of the protagonists predominate.
All romantic scholars express their inner experiences.
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