Vol. 4 No. 03 (2024): Volume - IV Issue - III

In the second half of the XX century the uzbek epic poetry began to change in its subject and composition. The introduction of literary reason and expressing culture in the oral creations was the cause of not only increasing the poetic meaning and national features, but also the diversity of style in a poem structure. For example, there appeared some changes in the genre structure and system of legends because of their absorbing into the structure of lyric and lyric-epic poems. This was a reason of new types of poems’ appearance. The poems written in the base of legends have their own place in the creations of Mirmuhsin, E.Vahidov, A.Aripov, Kh.Davran, U.Kuchkar, K.Rahimbayeva. The poems like “Shirok”, “The Strike of Ghosts (Руҳлар исёни)”, “The Doctor and the Death (Ҳаким ва ажал)”, “Seven Legends About Homeland (Ватан ҳақида етти ривоят)”, “The End of Winter (Қишнинг охирлари)” can prove our thoughts.

Abdullah Qadiri lived in a time when knowledge for the people was necessary as an air, possessed by ignorant persons at the top of the land. Through the heroes he created, he called on the people to learn from past days, to be wary of Scorpions emerging from the love among us. To each house of the nation penetrated in the guise of Otabek, Silver, Anwar, Raanos, who through their fate thought, cried, comforted the people. He did not stop writing for his nationality, even if his life was under pressure, risks.

In this article, the principles of development of professional competences of future engineers of higher educational institutions by developing project models of training based on a differential approach in practical training in physics are presented. During the practical lessons, the methodical model of building non-linear learning trajectories is explained and systematically described.

This paper investigates the dynamics of gender equality and employment outcomes in Uzbekistan, examining the country's formal institutional transformations aimed at achieving constitutional mandates for equal rights. Drawing on data from national development strategies, legislative reforms, and employment statistics, the study assesses the impact of social development initiatives on women's socio-political engagement, representation, and economic empowerment. Findings reveal significant gender disparities in employment, with women facing disproportionate burdens in unpaid domestic work and experiencing higher rates of unemployment compared to men. Moreover, self-employment emerges as a critical source of household income, particularly among rural populations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address structural inequalities. The analysis underscores the importance of policy measures aimed at promoting gender equality in employment and enhancing access to decent work opportunities for women in Uzbekistan.

In this article, the objective side of crimes in the customs sphere is thoroughly analyzed. It was concluded that according to the objective aspect of the crime, crimes in the customs field can be divided into two categories. Acts related to the illegal transfer of criminal objects across the customs border using various methods are included in the first category. This category includes all crimes in the field of customs, except for evasion of customs fees, and their objective aspect is studied. In particular, crimes in the field of customs belonging to this group objectively cross the customs border of the Republic of Uzbekistan in different forms: a) bypassing customs control; b) hiding from customs control; c) fraudulently using documents made to resemble customs documents or instruments; d) without declaration; e) it is stated that it will be expressed during transportation using a declaration written in a different name. Also, acts related to the evasion of paying customs fees, which include intentionally concealing and understating the objects subject to customs fees, as well as deliberate evasion of the payment of customs fees established by the state, are assessed as crimes belonging to the second category. This category of crime, that is, the crime of evasion of customs fees, is objectively determined to be committed in the forms of intentionally hiding objects subject to customs fees, intentionally understating objects subject to customs fees, and intentionally evading customs fees in a different way. In the article, regarding the objective side of crimes in the customs field, the current criminal legal norms, other legal documents, the opinions of scientists and the provisions of the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan are thoroughly analyzed, and the author's conclusions based on each case are stated.

Reading comprehension is one of the basic skills that can be developed through exercises and assignments. This small study was conducted to prove that choosing the right text and working on it through different types of tests can improve reading skills for students. 50 high school students were selected and various test tasks were developed. The collected data were analyzed and the students who worked on the text through several interesting tasks had significantly better reading comprehension skills than the other group. was found to have increased. The results and conclusions of the research are covered in the article.

This article discusses about terminology. Terminological studies have developed uncertainly, so it is impossible to say when and how the science of terms began. The term "terminology" itself appeared approximately in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century, but it cannot be said that special vocabulary was not studied in any way until then.

Studying the language of the diplomatic documentation work, we understand standardization as a form of terminology, the mechanisms, and procedures of which are aimed, first of all, at the formation of an adequate and consistent system of the diplomatic terms (diplomatic terminology) that meet the goals and objectives of modern diplomatic relations. In contemporary globalization processes and the increasing role of inter-country communication, the study of the vocabulary reflecting the diplomatic business sphere contributes to the establishment of a constructive and mutually beneficial inter-country dialogue and good international contacts.

This article discusses the specific pedagogical and psychological features of the process of preparing future teachers for innovative professional activities, and focuses on the great interest of teachers in scientific work in the field of theory and practice of pedagogical innovation.

The article discusses the ways and means of improving the process of preparing future teachers for innovative pedagogical activity. explores the system of improving training processes.

            An innovative approach also outlines ways to achieve this goal using information gathering, independent analysis of perceived information, independent expression of ideas and best (best) methods in the short term.

Periodontal diseases are a serious problem of modern medicine due to their almost 100% prevalence and increasing incidence among young people. At the same time, aggressive forms are increasingly common, especially rapidly progressive periodontitis (BPP), the course of which repeats almost continuously. Prevention and improvement of the effectiveness of complex treatment of periodontal diseases, especially rapidly progressive periodontitis, has become an urgent problem of modern dentistry.

Before speaking about the selection of grammar material it is necessary to consider the concept “grammar”, i.e., what it meant by “grammar”.

By grammar one can mean adequate comprehension and correct usage of words in the act of communication, that is, intuitive knowledge of the grammar of the language. It is a set of reflexes enabling a person to communicate with his associates. Such knowledge is acquired by a child in the mother tongue before he goes to schools.

The methodology used in this study consisted of an amount of time for each session of 40 minutes, in which all the students read and told about one specific folktale. Then they had to write their own original story; after some sessions of revision, different students were asked to tell what they wrote without memorizing lines. Similarities and differences in the structures (beginning, middle, and end) were discussed to highlight settings and characters in each story; body language, vocalization, gestures and eye contact were explored for the student recognition and how the use of those elements was when they were telling a story.

This article examines the work of Uzbek contemporary writer Salomat Vafo as a master of psychological prose. The author focuses on the artistic approach of the writer and the means of displaying the inner world of a person in a psychological depiction. The scientific novelty of the given work lies in the fact that the author, using an example of the work of one writer, addresses the problem of psychologism in modern Uzbek literature, which is currently underdeveloped and understudied.

Article discusses about technologies for the development of special competencies of future Russian language teachers, modern approaches in the educational system of the Republic of Uzbekistan; the differences between the competencies and competencies of the teacher are revealed, the formation of the communicative competence of teachers of the Russian language and literature is considered.

The study of the relationship between the universe and man in modern Uzbek storytelling is examined in this article. On the basis of S.Vafo's work, the concerns of man and his destiny, living reality, and artistic mastery are scientifically and intellectually examined.

Vocabulary work in kindergarten is a systematic expansion of the active vocabulary of children at the expense of unfamiliar or difficult words for them. The expansion of the vocabulary of preschoolers goes along with familiarizing them with the surrounding reality, with the education of the right attitude to the environment.

This article describes the ways, methods and organizational forms of organizing differential and integrated, inclusive education for preschool children with developmental disabilities.

Ensuring the safety and security of students, staff, and facilities is paramount in any educational institution, particularly in specialized environments such as aeronautical schools. This study investigates the effectiveness of security services in an aeronautical school environment through a comprehensive assessment framework. By analyzing security protocols, incident response mechanisms, and stakeholder perceptions, we aim to identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement in the school's security department. Through surveys, interviews, and observations, we gather data on security practices, staff training, facility access control, and emergency preparedness. Our findings contribute to enhancing the overall security posture of aeronautical schools and serve as a blueprint for similar institutions seeking to optimize their security strategies.

This study delves into the genetic diversity of coffee hybrids within the highland environments of southwestern Ethiopia. Through comprehensive analyses, we elucidate the intricate genetic makeup of these hybrids and their correlation with quality characteristics. Employing advanced methodologies, we explore the nuances of genetic variation and its implications for coffee cultivation in this unique ecological context. Our findings provide valuable insights into the potential for enhancing coffee quality and resilience in highland regions, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of Ethiopia's coffee industry.

Lichenoid form of lichen erythematosus is one of the manifest diseases of the oral mucosa. The degree of violation of the periodontal status of the oral mucosa with the development of erosive and ulcerative lesions and chronic course determines the aggressiveness of the clinical course of this disease. The purpose of this study was to study the periodontal status of patients with lichen planus of the oral mucosa. There were 287 patients under observation: 187 patients with lichen planus of the oral mucosa and 100 patients with periodontitis without lichen planus as a control group. The results showed that lichenoid lichen and periodontitis mutually burden each other.

This article discusses the effects of non-removable orthodontic structures on the condition of oral tissues. Problems with modern implant-based prosthetic methods are highlighted. The most common errors and complications in non-removable prosthetics are analyzed. The evaluation of the physical and technical properties of metal-ceramic structures has not yet been fully studied. To prevent ceramic chipping, contact between antagonistic prosthetic materials is forbidden. Thus, the question of the effect of non-removable prosthetics on the clinical and morphological status in the absence of periodontal tissue remains unresolved.

Epidemiologic studies show that only 12% of all people have healthy periodontal tissue, 53% have early inflammatory changes in the supporting tissues of the teeth, and 23% have destructive changes. Of these patients, 12% have moderate to severe changes.

The purpose of this scientific research is to consider literary and artistic models of space such as: psychological space, geographical space, internally limited space based on works of Russian literature of the 19th century. The result of scientific research is the analysis of works of art by writers: F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”, N. V. Gogol “Dead Souls”, A. P. Chekhov “Ward No. 6”.

In this article, problems of punishment by the courts in the presence of mitigating circumstances, as well as individualization of punishment according to the criminal legislation of Uzbekistan.

The article scientifically-theoretically analyzes theoretical and legal problems of punishment by the courts in the presence of mitigating circumstances, as well as individualization of punishment according to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In this case, the signs of the objective side of this crime, its specifics are covered on the basis of the opinions of national and foreign scientists, as well as legislative analysis.

According to author nowadays, a provision has been introduced into the criminal law that for a crime committed under certain punitive circumstances, if there are no aggravating circumstances established in the law, the punishment must necessarily be relaxed.

Section 571 of the Criminal law of Uzbekistan, entitled “The imposition of punishment when the culprit has practically regretted his act”, is defined as: “the term or amount of punishment shall not exceed two-thirds of the maximum penalty provided for by the relevant article of the special part of this code, in the absence of circumstances aggravating the punishment provided for This provision does not apply to persons who have committed crimes related to intentional homicide (part two of Article 97) and terrorism (part three of Article 155) in circumstances that aggravate liability”.

Proposals for the development of national legislation have been put forward in the analyzed issue.

This article talks about the discussion and the most important advice for successful conversations when learning a foreign language.

This article examines the importance of using the didactic capabilities of software to develop competence in the design and modeling of clothing in the science of technology. Modern technology allows students and professionals to effectively learn and practice fashion design skills using specialized tools in a virtual environment.

The software provides the ability to create virtual prototypes of clothing, analyze designs, test different options and quickly make changes. This facilitates more effective learning of the process of designing and modeling clothing, as well as the exchange of experiences and ideas with colleagues.

The study included 60 patients who were treated in private companies “Saodat Medical” MCH and “BIONUR LLC” medical service for inflammatory pathology of the paranasal sinuses. Depending on the antibacterial treatment received, patients were divided into two groups. All patients underwent lavage of the paranasal sinuses, if necessary, puncture of the maxillary sinuses, and trypanopuncture of the frontal sinuses. In patients of the 1st group receiving antibiotic therapy, the sinuses were washed with a solution of Decasan; when treating patients of the 2nd group, the sinuses were washed with a solution of sodium chloride 0.9%, and also Cefamed and Forinex nasal spray were used in combination, 2 injections of 50 microns each nasal passage (total daily value -200 mcg).

This article presents many methods for studying the causes of anemia in pregnant women and reviews analyzes based on modern technologies. Data from research literature in Russian was processed and analyzed in electronic search systems cyberleninka.ru, eLIBRARY in international databases Scopus for the period 2017-2024.

The relevance of the topic of the dissertation. In the dental practice of the world, there is a high frequency of various orthopedic and orthodontic defects, including forms manifested in the form of various degrees of adentia.

Planning and conducting patient rehabilitation is a crucial and responsible stage of dental treatment. Various electronic medical documentation systems have been implemented for successful integration into clinical practice [Martianov I.N. et al.,].                   Digital technologies are frequently employed for virtual smile modelling and face design [Aprèsyan et al., 2021; Ryakhovsky et al., 2021; Soas-Ishap et al., 2017; Trunin et al., 2022; Zolotarev et al., 2021].    The authors of the cited works include Ryakhovskiy A.N. et al. (2021), SoasIshap S. et al. (2017), and Oshag B. et al. (2018). According to Bulycheva E., digital analysis allows for a thorough examination of the nature and location of occlusal contacts, which cannot be adequately studied through the use of articulation paper or wax occlusograms.       References were found from various authors including A. et al., 2015; Yanushevich, O. O. et al., 2015; and Saakyan, M. Yu. et al., 2020.

Precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa are an urgent problem of modern dentistry. Precancerous is an atrophic, persistent growth that has not yet become cancerous. Thus, pre-cancer is a dynamic, not a static concept. Being an unstable pathological form, precancerous tumors do not have their own clinical manifestations and reflect the clinic of previous pathology.

It is known that dental materials have a certain effect on the tissues of the oral cavity and the body as a whole. In modern dentistry, metal alloys are one of the main structural materials for the manufacture of artificial crowns, stamped inlays, pins and bridges.

One of the most important areas of modern dental science and practice is gerontology. To date, a large amount of data on the dental status of the elderly and geriatric population has been published in the literature. It is known that age-related changes in the body affect the condition of teeth, periodontal tissues and hard tissues of the oral mucosa.

Axiography is an objective method of examining the trajectory of the articular pathway, which allows us to assess the nature of the function in normal and functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint.To carry out the method of axiography, an Arcus digma axiograph (KaVo, Germany) was used, which was connected to a personal computer. Arcus digma (KaVo, Germany) is an electronic system for recording movements of the lower jaw, which allows for three-dimensional ultrasonic recording of movements of the lower jaw and registering angles to adjust the articulator to an individual function. An ultrasonic transmitter and a receiver mounted on a measuring arc were connected to the main device of the device. Data was saved directly during measurements on a connected computer, and the selection of workspaces and workflow management were carried out through the main device or using a pedal. The holder of the paraocclusive plug, which was fixed using Structur 2 SC (VOCO) to the vestibular surface of the teeth of the lower jaw, was connected to the transmitter. The selection of the required measuring program was carried out from the touch screen of the basic device. If necessary, all the measurements carried out could be reproduced in dynamic mode many times. All movements were performed while maintaining contact between the teeth of the upper and lower jaw. In this study, we used the proposed method of combined use of the Littmann electronic stethoscope and the Arcus digma axiograph (Fig.5) (innovation proposal No. 1600 dated 11.02.2016, authors: Geletin P.N., Morozov V.G., Mishutin E.A., Ginali N.V., Karelina A.N.). the combined application of axiography and auscultation of the temporomandibular joint is as follows:

1. In preparation for the study, the doctor shows the patient what movements to make - slowly open and close his mouth (1 time for 15 seconds). At the same time, it is recommended that the patient repeat the movements several times, first with the help of a doctor, and then independently, so as not to make any mistakes already during the registration process.


2. In the computer program of the Littmann electronic stethoscope (3M ESPE), the "joint front view" mode is set and the patient is asked to slowly open his mouth after a beep from 1 time for 15 seconds. When a click or crepitation occurs, a computer program records the time of their occurrence, duration and intensity level (in dB).


3. At the same time, an axiogram of the movement of the lower jaw in the vertical plane (when opening and closing the mouth) and a phonogram of noises in the TMJ on the right are recorded.


4. The stethoscope sensor is installed on the outer surface of the zygomatic process near the tragus of the ear on the other side (left) and the technique of combined axiography and audio diagnostics using the Littmann electronic stethoscope (3M ESPE) is repeated. When a click or crepitation occurs, a computer program records the time of their occurrence and the intensity level (in dB).


5. At the same time, an axiogram, movements of the lower jaw in the vertical plane and a phonogram of noise in the TMJ on the left are recorded.


6. The axiograms and phonograms obtained during the study were stored in a computer database, the phonogram was converted into a wav sound file and analyzed using the computer program "Diagnosis of diseases of the temporomandibular joint" (certificate No. 2015662495, authors Mishutin E.A., Korshunova K.P., Geletin P.N.), then the data they were printed out for registration in the patient's medical history.


7. The diagnosis was made based on the analysis of axigrams (deviation of the trajectories of opening and closing the mouth from the norm in the sections of the axiogram corresponding to the initial, middle and final phase of opening and closing the mouth and computer analysis of phonogram recordings according to the main characteristics of sound (sound strength and frequency) and the phase of opening and closing the mouth, in which sound phenomena occur.

8. The diagnosis was made based on the analysis of axigrams (deviation of the trajectories of opening and closing the mouth from the norm in the sections of the axiogram corresponding to the initial, middle and final phase of opening and closing the mouth and computer analysis of phonogram recordings according to the main characteristics of sound (sound strength and frequency) and the phase of opening and closing the mouth, in which sound phenomena occur.

The manufacture of a clasp prosthesis with a lock type of fixation for prosthetics of partial defects of the dentition is the most functional and aesthetic. Clasp prostheses are used: with an insufficient number of supporting teeth for the manufacture of non-removable dentures; the presence of supporting teeth with insufficient periodontal reserve forces, with varying degrees of periodontal atrophy; unilateral and bilateral distally unlimited defects of dentition.

In case of partial absence of teeth, various prosthesis designs are used. Both removable and non-removable prostheses are used. Bridges are known to be physiological. Removable dentures, unfortunately, do not have such an advantage, but this does not mean that they are less in demand. When choosing the design of a partial removable prosthesis, the doctor first of all faces the question of how to strengthen it in the oral cavity, how to fix and stabilize the prosthesis correctly and effectively. An effective method of fixation is one of the conditions that ensure good functional qualities of the prosthesis. This is the criterion for the successful use of a removable prosthesis.

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is one of the most important problems of modern gastroenterology. Despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment, the prevalence of digestive pathologies is steadily increasing, and erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastroduodenal region are no exception.

Traditional methods of treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases are aimed at eliminating microbial factors, including the control of plaque formation, the use of topical and general antibacterial agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as improving surgical methods for eliminating infectious and destructive foci in periodontitis.

In this article, we want to reveal the greatness of the Uzbek culture by widely promoting the creative work of one of our great figures, Abdulla Qadiri, who laid the first foundation stone of the novel elegance for the Uzbek people, who instilled wisdom in people from the spiritual turmoil. no exaggeration.