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LINGUISTIC STUDY OF THE SEMANTICS OF LANGUAGE TOOLS THAT NOMINATE
THE CONCEPT OF " EYE " (ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIAN AND UZBEK)
Dildora Usmanova
Lecturer, Gulistan State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
AB O U T ART I CL E
Key words:
L
inguistic landscape of the world,
concept, cognitive, global image
Received:
12.06.2024
Accepted
: 17.06.2024
Published
: 22.06.2024
Abstract:
In this article, the linguistic picture of the
world, linguistic signs, the fact that words in this case
serve as a means of accessing a single information base of
a person. It has been considered that words in different
languages, meaning the same concept, differ in semantic
possibilities, can cover different parts of reality, and their
use in speech. In addition, under the linguistic picture of
the world, we understand in the language the fixation of
a set of knowledge and ideas about reality formed in
social consciousness. Linguistic study of the semantics of
language tools that nominate the concept of” eye", we
will conduct research related to the conceptualization of
div experience and the formation of concepts of the
inner world of a person from it
.
INTRODUCTION
The linguistic picture of the world is a set of ideas of people recorded in units of language about reality
at a certain stage of folk development, the idea of reality reflected in the meanings of language signs -
linguistic division of the world, linguistic ordering of objects and phenomena, information about the
world inherent in the systematic meanings of words. The linguistic landscape of the world is built by
linguists in the process of semantic or conceptual analysis of linguistic phenomena. The study of the
linguistic picture of the world in itself has only a linguistic meaning: it is necessary to characterize the
language as a system, to determine what is in the language and how the elements that make up the
language are arranged. Language signs, words in this case serve as a means of accessing a person's only
database of information. Words in different languages, which mean the same concept, can differ in
semantic possibilities, cover different parts of reality. The use of their speech is different.
The emphasis of the "human factor", which involves the study of linguistic phenomena in close
connection with a person, his thinking and other types of spiritual and practical activity, led to the
formation of such categories as "conceptual picture of the world", "picture of the world", "image of the
VOLUME04 ISSUE06
https://doi.org/10.55640/eijps-04-06-05
Pages: 19-24
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world"., "world model"," linguistic picture of the world"," conceptual system", etc. with all the external
differences of the definitions of these concepts, they are combined with a philosophical orientation
towards the reflection of non-linguistic models of reality as a subjective image of the objective world,
an original global image [E. Sepir, M. Heidegger, Y. S. Stepanov, N. D. Arutyunova, Y. D. Apresyan, G. V.
Kolshansky, A. Vejbitskaya et al. M. According to the Heidegger concept, the concept of the image of the
world is reduced as follows: with the word "picture", we think first of all about describing something.
However, the image of the world means more. We mean here the world itself, its existence in general,
that it is decisive and obligatory for us. The image of the world, understood in essence, means the world
understood in the sense of such a picture, and not a picture depicting the world. The concept of the
world picture is among the main concepts that represent the peculiarities of a person, his existence and
the most important conditions for his existence in the world. As a global image of the world, the image
of the world appears in a person in interaction with the world. These can be everyday contacts with the
world, objective and practical activities of a person with an actively changing attitude to revive the
world, actions to think about the world, his speculation and understanding in unusual situations.
Concept is derived from the Latin word conce
ptus, meaning ― concept. In the dictionary of cognitive
terms, however, the term concept is defined as follows: concept is a concept that serves to reflect the
mental and psychic resources in our thinking in human knowledge and competence. The term concept
is used in modern linguistics to refer to the image of some lexical unit in thought. In everyday scientific
creation, however, the term concept is used synonymously with the concept.
Thus, under the linguistic picture of the world, we understand in the language the fixation of a set of
knowledge and ideas about reality formed in social consciousness. Linguistic study of the semantics of
language tools that nominate the concept of” eye " can recreate a passage related to the
conceptualization of div experience and the formation of concepts of the inner world of a person from
it.
METHODS
Methods of conceptual and contextual analysis, the method of explanatory analysis, were used to
achieve goals and objectives. The article uses methods of scientific cognition: observation, synthesis,
analysis, comparison, deductive method.
RESULTS
The concept of " eye " has a certain structure, expressed by the interaction of the div and mental
spheres. The structure of the” eye " concept is formed by the core
- cultural-conditional transfers based
on the universal knowledge of a person about his own div and the interconnection of the
environmental perception and mental spheres. Linguistic study of the semantics of language tools,
which nominate the concept of” e
ye", recreates part of the linguistic picture of the world, which is
associated with the conceptualization of div experience and the formation of concepts of the inner
world of a person on its basis.
The concept under study is objectified using representative words, derived nominations, verbs, stable
phrases, and phraseological units containing the “eye” substantive. The concept of” eye " is expressed
by non-verbal means: eye gestures, facial expressions, eye movements, for which there are certain
nominations in the linguistic picture of the world.
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The structure of the” eye " concept forms features determined based on lexicographic analysis and
analysis of the lexical correspondence of the words represented by the concept. These include the
following groups of characteristics: parametric, color, aesthetic, instrumental, functional, symbolic.
The content of the concept” eye "is expressed through the metonymic" part
-whole " model, through
which the inner sphere of a person
—
emotional and physical states, personal qualities-is
conceptualized.
The content of the concept” eye "is expressed by conceptual metaphors:" eyes
-instrument"," sight-touch
(eyes)"," sight-action (eye)"," assessment thought"," eyes-mental vision"," eyes-storehouse of
emotions"," light-emotion in the eyes", as well as temperature and kinetic metaphorical models.
In the linguistic picture of semiotic-significant div movements, the eyes act as symptomatic and
communicative gestures. In communicative movement, the eyes perform cognitive, expressive, contact
adjustment, control functions. Communicatively important eye movements have linguistic means of
expression.
DISCUSSION
Currently, the term linguistic image of the world is widespread in linguistics. The scope of issues related
to this phenomenon is A. Studied in the fundamental works of vejbitskaya [Wierzbicka, 1980, 1996,
1999, 2001], R. I. Pavilenis [Pavilenis, 1983], R. Langaker [Langacker, 1987], Y. D. Apresyan [Apresyan,
1995], N. D. Arutyunova [Arutyunova, 1999], Y. S. Stepanova [Stepanov, 2001], R. Jackendofa
[Jackendoff, 2002], Y. N. Karaulova [Karaulov, 2004] et al. Currently, in linguistics, the term linguistic
image of the world is widespread. The scope of issues related to this phenomenon is A. Studied in the
fundamental works of vezbitskaya [Wierzbicka, 1980, 1996, 1999, 2001], R. I. Pavilenis [Pavilenis,
1983], R. Langaker [Langaker, 1987], Y. D. Apresyan [Apresyan, 1995], N. D. Arutyunova [Arutyunova,
1999], Y. S. Stepanova [Stepanov, 2001], R. Jackendoff [Jackendoff, 2002], Y. N. Karaulova [Karaulov,
2004] et al. R. X. According to khairullina," by scholars," the linguistic picture of the world "is
understood to be a socially relevant model of characters represented by various means, systematically
arranged, containing information about the world around them" [Khairullin, 1996, p.10]. According to
this interpretation, language can be seen not only as a system of lexical, grammatical and phonological
units, but also as a system of verbal knowledge about the world.
Analysis of the compatibility of lexemes objectifying conception in a language allows you to identify
some components of conception and determine the methods of conceptualization of this phenomenon.
It is thanks to the study of the lexical coherence of the keyword that many features of the concept can
be identified in relation to lexicographic processing of dictionaries [Popova, 2001, p.104].
Combinatorial properties do not exist on their own: they are (at least most of them) meaningful, that is,
based on semantic properties. The coherence of subject names" reflects some of their important,
profound properties associated with images of specific objects in natural language", which can be
interpreted in terms of concepts [Rachilina, 2000, pp. 3-9]. In the analysis of conceptual properties," the
field in which the ot sign is defined in a given scheme of things is important " [Taylor, 1985, p.9 - 10]. In
the actual use of the word, its individual meanings, individual concepts (as we emphasized-D. G.) and in
a certain sense the word is "ready" in speech and not in the form of a lexical unit of previous speech, but
opens the way to a cognitive explanation of what part of the word (or what component of its structural
structure) and why. at the speaker's core (i.e. activated in the speech act) [Kubryakova, 2004, p.450].
The participation of a word in combinations with other words is predetermined by its lexical meaning
and the conceptual structure that it implements. Depending on the type of quality, new conceptual
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features are emphasized, new cognitive models appear. E. S. Kubryakova believes that" it is necessary
to establish cognitive structures behind them to analyze complex cases of interpreting combinations of
adjectives with nouns " [Kubryakova, 2004(6), p.152].
V. Yudina Studies a variety of approaches and aspects devoted to the study of "adjective + noun"
compounds in cognitive linguistics [Yudina, 2006]. In this case, interest is not adjectives, but
characteristics of the names of the subject, in which adjectives are manifested in one way or another.
For adjectives, two constructions are characteristic attributive and predicative. They differ syntactically
and sometimes morphologically. However, there are not only morphosyntactic but also semantic
differences between these two structures (Bollinger, 1967; 2002). D in the material of English adjectives
in preposition and postposition. Bollinger showed that in an attributive construction (preposition),
permanent characters usually appear, while the predicative (postposition) is temporary; furthermore,
in an attributive construction, the adjective semantically changes the meaning of the noun (predefined)
and gives it some new features in the predicative. Attributive conjunctions semantically mean the
agreement of the adjective with the noun, and predicatives impose a certain external property on it. The
superiority of the attributive construction over the predicative construction can be an example of the
iconicity of the language. In attribute structure, E. V. As rachilina notes, morphological agreement of
adjective with noun usually occurs, and their semantic agreement is also unique [Rachilina, 2000,
p.106].
A cognitive category is a cognitive property that passes through all sectors and generalizes. Avanesyan
J. G. as noted, the features of conception can be distinguished:
•mental nature of conception, relationship of conception
* cognitive structures;
* presence of the name;
* replacement function;
* concept potential;
* incarnation in different language units;
* manifestation in the form of a concept, symbol, image;
* cultural-historical determinism;
•value nature of conception;
•the presence of an oral and non
-verbal form.
G. A. Based on the generalization of various interpretations by Krukov, the conceptual content of the
concept distinguishes the following main features:
Conception (linguistic ‒ cultural concept)
- mental unity expresses both knowledge about the whole
world and part of it. Conception is mental in nature, since it is the mental unit of activity of the human
mind, the interaction of language and culture, the opposite of the world picture occurs in the mind.
Conception is the concept of a conditional unit, which is distinguished by some. The concept consists of
the core and periphery, which is its name. The kernel contains the most important language
associations, while the periphery is less significant. The number of different associations is unlimited
(the more people, the more associations). Therefore, there are no clear boundaries in conception.
The concept has the property of value. Concepts are essentially the main nominations of cultural facts,
which are usually accompanied by stylistic marks of assessment in dictionaries: high, low, rude, etc.,
and are also assessed as good at the mental level, bad, interesting, frightening, interesting, etc.
Conception is characterized by a certain variability (variability of the sign). In the life of a language
society, in connection with its historical development, there may be changes in the content of
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conception in semantics, in the assessment of a concept-defined phenomenon, under the influence of
extralinguistic factors.
The concept is limited by the consciousness of the native speaker. The concept of linguistics is present
in the collective consciousness of native speakers (social, ethno-national, religious, universal) and
individually. Individual concepts are more diverse. From the sum of individual concepts recorded in the
dictionary (general coincidences of meaningful meaning), concentrated conceptual content is formed.
The concept is multidimensional. In cognitive language, it is represented by the unity of the different
structural types of the type: framapotype, from script., lexemes, phraseologists, and correspondence
texts. So, conception, many complex scientific phenomena are a song, the development of which at the
present stage does not speak the language clearly. The garden with the theory of concepts is on many
issues. Analysis of various definitions and approaches to the term" concept " in modern scientific
literature M. V. Pimenova is aimed at:
1. Conception is an ideal object.
2. The field of localization of conception is the human mind.
3. Serves as an element of the conceptual system.
4. It is not information about conception, it is narrow contacts with other concepts.
5. The concept has national and cultural characteristics.
6. The concept is objectified by language tools.
7. The concept has a very complex multi-level structure.
8. The type of concept and the methodology to describe it in many ways follows the garden world
phenomenon to which it belongs [Pimenova, Kondratieva 2011, p.70].
V. A. Maslova formulated the following definition, taken as a basis in this work, which almost combines
all the above positions: "conception is a semantic format
ion that is characterized by a linguistic ‒
cultural identity and characterizes the carriers of a particular ethnic culture in one way or another. The
concept reflects an ethnic worldview and defines the ethnic linguistic picture of the world. But at the
same time, it is an integral part of a certain knowledge that reflects the content of the entire human
activity. The concept does not come directly from the meaning of the word, but is the result of the
collision of the vocabulary meaning of the word with the personal and folk experience of the individual.
[Maslova 2008, p.50].
CONCLUSION
This article is devoted to the study of the concepts of "eye" in Uzbek and Russian language pictures of
the world. In the theoretical part of this article, The views of various researchers that make up the
concept of conception and the national cultural characteristics of the linguistic picture of the world are
considered, as well as the main methods of conceptual research are studied. In the presented case, V. A.
The definition of the Maslova concept has been used, and conceptual analysis is based on methods of
Semantic Analysis, Analysis of the compatibility of basic lexemes representing the concepts of "eye" in
English and Russian, as well as oral analysis of these concepts in phraseological units, which allows to
reveal the peculiarities of Russian and English language pictures world.
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