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IQTISODIYOTDA GEOGRAFIK AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARINI YORDAMIDA MEHNAT
UNIMORLIGINI TAHLIL QILISH (NAMANGAN VILOYATI MISOLIDA)
Fazliddinova Zulxumor Akramjon qizi
Toshkent davlat iqtisodiyot universiteti huzuridagi
“O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyotini rivojlantirishning ilmiy
asoslari va muammolari” ilmiy tadqiqot markazi
ORCID: 0009-0008-9940-1731
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqolada hududlarning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlanishini tahlil qilishda
raqamli
texnologiyalardan foydalanishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari o‘rganiladi. GAT
texnologiyalari yordamida Namangan viloyatining ijtimoiy rivojlanish ko‘rsatkichlari
tendentsiyalari va dinamikasi tahlil qilindi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
GAT, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy xaritalar, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy kartografiya, real pul
daromadlari, kartogramma, kartodiagramma, GE-UZ, faol bo'lmagan tarmoqlar.
АНАЛИЗ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТРУДА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ
ГЕОИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ
НАМАНГАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)
Фазлиддинова Зулхумор Акрамжон кизи
Научно
-
исследовательский центр "Научные основы и
проблемы развития экономики Узбекистана" при
Ташкентский государственный экономический университет
Аннотация.
При анализе социально
-
экономического развития трех статей
изучается теоретическое и практическое применение компьютерных технологий.
Анализ тенденций и динамики социальных показателей Наманганской области с
использованием ГИС
-
технологий.
Ключевые слова:
ГИС, социально
-
экономические карты, социально
-
экономическая
картография, реальные денежные доходы, картограмма, картодиаграмма, ГЭ
-
УЗ,
неактивные сети.
ANALYSIS OF LABOR EFFICIENCY USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
IN ECONOMY (EXAMPLE OF NAMANGAN REGION)
Fazliddinova Zulkhumor Akramjon kizi
Research center " Scientific bases and issues of economic development of Uzbekistan"
under the Tashkent state university of economics
Annotation.
In this article, the theoretical and practical aspects of the use of digital
technologies in the analysis of socio-economic development of regions are studied. The trends of
social development indicators and dynamics of Namangan region were analyzed using GIS
technologies.
Key words:
GIS, socio-economic maps, socio-economic cartography, real money income,
cartogram, cartodiagram, GE-UZ, inactive sectors.
II SON - FEVRAL, 2024
UO‘K:
332.133.23
83-91
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84
Introduction.
Ensuring a consistent and balanced development of the economy of Uzbekistan is a
guarantee of success with thorough and comprehensively based measures, as well as the
development and clear definition of economic development programs at various levels. At the
moment, it is also important to draw relevant conclusions, further improving the indicators of
socio-economic development based on them, through the critical assessment of the tasks,
measures, as well as the achievements and results performed before this year.
The development strategy establishes a new procedure for working with regions within
the framework of the established tasks for the complex socio-economic development of
Regions, and on the basis of programs for the complex socio-economic development of regions
for 2022-2026, development programs will be developed in the cross-regions each year with a
deep study of the problems and this program is becoming more relevant, especially at the
moment when the world is rapidly changing (Decree, 2022). Continuous implementation of the
development of Uzbekistan due to social and economic reforms, the image of the regions has
changed radically, a specific territorial environment has been formed in them, corresponding
to market relations and the principles of new economic development. At the same time, in the
address of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Supreme Assembly and our people:
“it is required to radically improve the activities of government agencies. The responsibility and
responsibility of
management agencies in solving territorial issues will be strengthened”
(Mirziyoyev, 2020). One of these tasks is the implementation of measures by state governing
bodies, in particular in the cadastral area, in the field of Agriculture, on the effective use of GIS
technologies, their implementation in practice. Currently, as a result of the rapid growth of this
branch of the information system, it is used not only in technical areas, but also in various social
spheres of our life. Gat has a wide range of application areas, including in the process of making
new clinics and hospitals geographically suitable and accessible to the population in health
care, drawing up and determining road routes and schedules for businesses engaged in freight
transport, choosing the optimal option for highway builders in the design of new tracks and
roads, as well as in the correct and rational calculation of, it is very useful for farmers to
determine the condition of the land and obtain sufficient information about it in the
development of new land.
The Social Development Index is a measure of the work of countries, since it includes
economic, social and environmental development.
Basic social indicators of socio-economic indicators:
- the amount of Real Money income of the population;
- nominal average monthly salary amount per worker;
- Consumer Price Index for mass consumer products and services;
-the total number of unemployed at the end of the reporting period, taking into account
officially registered unemployed persons;
- share of the population in the total number;
- health sector
- educational level of the population
- standard of living of the population
- the level of commissioning of housing estates
Economic and social indicators of socio-economic indicators can be calculated for
different periods (month, half-year or-year), which makes it possible to determine the main
directions and directions of major changes in the socio - economic sphere. However, each of the
described indicators changes under the influence of different factors. Therefore, the
development of an effective system of measures to determine the actual picture of the state and
achieve the intended results is possible only after a detailed analysis of such indicators. It is
necessary to determine the indicators that determine the level of development of territories, to
develop new projects in the radical improvement of regions with low development indicators.
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When determining indicators with low development, it is necessary to analyze the economy,
social life of Regions, conduct surveys among the population, study statistics reliably and fully,
study the mechanics of working departments of the economic ministry in regions, departments
working with the population, make the necessary changes, study the natural, productive
opportunities of Regions and use them effectively.
And the improvement of the methodological foundations of analysis corresponding to the
development of economic relations is the central aspect of the successful implementation of
tasks. On the basis of knowledge of the techniques and technology of economic analysis,
specialists find the most correct answers and make effective decisions. This is especially
important when it comes to quickly adapting to and operating on economic conditions in the
present era. In the analysis of socio-economic indicators, the systemality of the process is
explained by the effective use of modern methods and tools for these purposes, and above all,
GIS-technologies. The computer methodology of designing and creating maps through this
technology replicates all the steps inherent in traditional mapping technologies in general.
Nowadays, GIS is widely used in all sectors of the economy. The use of GIS requires the
collection of Kata-sized written and graphical, area-specific geographic information. Therefore,
it will be necessary to collect geodata. Therefore, a geodatabase is an integral part of any GIS.
Literature review.
A relative assessment of the use of mechanisms for state regulation of the development of
regions in Uzbekistan and foreign countries. M.Widely covered in the scientific work of Sadigov
(2005). Ibadullayev (2022)
believes that “the investment
potential of the territory is the sum of
the economic, social, political and natural capabilities of the territory, which is aimed at
attracting the investment factor at the expense of all its sources, and the window for their
application” .
Rakhimova (2021)
“the region offers to be seen as a complex of regions with natural
-
geographical, socio-economic, material-technical, siecian fronts close together and a unified
management and logistics system”.
In the analysis of indicators of development of territories, humanity has been
experiencing an information flood for the last few decades on the development of GIS
technologies. It is gaining strength from year to year and is entering many areas of human
activity. Today, cartographers have rich experience in the construction of topographic,
geographical cards and atlases of various topics, deciphering aero - and space images,
processing field measurement results and collecting data in computer systems during the use
of information from many sources. The fact that many types of data are often changed over time
makes it much more difficult to use a paper card, which is made in a simple way. Today,
receiving instant information, showing their relevance can only be guaranteed by an automated
system. At this point, modern GIS is considered to be an automated system with a large number
of graphs and thematic databases, combined with model and computational functions capable
of performing work on a base basis, converting spatial data into a cartographic form, making
various conclusions and carrying out monitoring work (Akhmedov, Abdullaev, 2020).
Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor A.A. Ibraimova stressed in her
scientific research that implementation through GIS technologies in the analysis of socio-
economic indicators in the region will help the analysis to be effective and accurate (Ibraimova,
2020). In addition, the study of Numerical Methods in geography has a strong focus in the
United States, Canada, England, Sweden.
Socio-economic cartography has harmonious relations with the economic and social
spheres. Baransky (1987) outlined the main directions of these contacts and, above all,
methodological aspects.
The importance of scientific and geographical analysis is also increasing with the
introduction of mathematical methods and automation tools into socio-economic cartography-
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86
for the geographical justification of the issue and control of the results obtained. In economic
and social geography, socioeconomic cartography comes out as a method of research and as a
means of collecting and presenting information (Tikunov et al. 2005).
Research methodology.
The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach, which includes general
methods of comparative analysis and sampling observation. Applied research is based on the
economic-mathematical methods, while the empirical assessments. Functional management
analysis and expert assessment methods were used in assessing the structural changes and the
quality of Territorial Management carried out in the regional economic system. GIS technology
used cartograms, cartodiagrams, quality backgrounds, quantitative background techniques.
Taking into account the above points and considerations, through the use of the
comparison method, this study will study the tourist potential of Uzbekistan and analyze
(discuss) in comparison with the advanced foreign experience. On the basis of a number of
comparisons, discussions and conclusions are drawn and proposals are made for the effective
organization of control of reclamation areas. Also, with the help of programs of the geographic
information system, comparisons, assessments, mathematical calculations are carried out
between regions.
Analysis and results.
When analyzing the income and standard of living of the population of the Namangan
region, the data of a sample household survey conducted by the State Statistical Committee of
the Republic of Uzbekistan during 2007-2022 was used.
Table 1
Formation of gross income of urban and rural population content
Types of income
Total
City
Rural
Total income
100.0
100.0
100.0
of these:
- official
30.4
34.4
26.5
- unofficial
48.3
41.5
55.2
- other revenues
21.3
24.1
18.3
Against the background of low volume of other sources of income (18.3% and 24.1%),
the predominance of informal income in rural areas (41.5% versus 55.2%) is characteristic of
the region. Among the factors of increasing the well-being of the residents of the region, the
wages of workers-servants also occupy a special place.
Analysis shows that Namangan region by nominal average monthly salary (Rs
1,263.3,000) the Republican territories (78.5% compared to the Republican level) are in last
place.
Taking into account the fact that the main part of the population of the region (63.1
percent) lives in rural areas, Personal subsidiary farms occupy a special place in obtaining
income. The results of a survey conducted by specialists from the Institute of Social Research
show that the composition of total income in rural areas differs slightly from cities (Table 2).
For 2018-2022, the average monthly salary in the province increased by 1.79 times, for
example, trade (salary increased by 2.48 times) banking (2.18 times). (In the conditions of
36
Source: Akhmedov T.M., Abdullaev B.S. Socio-demographic features of sustainable development of rural regions of
Uzbekistan. Tashkent, Niso polygraph , 2022
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districts and cities, the amplitude between the highest (Namangan city
–
1715.1 thousand
soums) and low (Chust
–
1150.2 thousand soums) was the wage.
In terms of labor resources and employment population, Namangan region ranks 6-7
among the Republican regions (Table 3). The region is also characterized by the average level
of unemployment and the proportion of people employed in the informal sector of the economy.
For the period 2018-2022, the number of working population in the region increased by 103.8
percent, and in 2021 it was 1563.8 thousand people.
Table 2
Average monthly salary in Namangan region
Economy sectors
2018-y 2019-y 2020-y 2021-y 2022-y
growth,
times
Total for the region
858,9 1010.9 1095,0 1257,8 1540.1
1.79
Industry
1023.8
1214.3
1281,7
1479.3
1934.4
1.89
Construction
1280.3
1394.1
1281,0
1623.5
2190.5
1.71
Trade
1023.4
1237.4
1284.5
1707.4
2540.6
2.48
Transportation and preparation
1121.4
1136.5
1153.6
1150,9
1337,7
1.19
Accommodation and food services
-
-
837.6
1285.6
1245.6
Informatization and communication 1108.7
1216.5
1265.3
1528.3
1321.4
1.19
Banking, insurance, leasing, credit
and mediation
1074.6
1405.1
1662.9
2001.0
2346.0
2.18
Education
798,8
925.4
1042.7
1170.8
1404.2
1.76
Health and social services
757.4
871.3
947,8
1099.4
1240.8
1.64
Art and Recreation
684,0
857.2
894,7
805.1
1152.6
1.69
Other events
725.3
917.2
993,7
1140.4
1546.3
2.13
At the same time, the city of Namangan, where the share of the working population is
19.3% of the total labor resources of the region, is also the working area of the region. By
regional districts, labor resources are characterized by a more or less equal distribution (6-
8%).
The positive trends achieved in the field of employment of the population were ensured
as a result of the rapid development of the service and service sector and the implementation
of a number of State targeted and territorial programs to promote the expansion of cooperation
between large industrial enterprises and the production of services. Based on the development
of industry, as well as territorial programs promote employment, development of
entrepreneurship and competition. The implementation of these measures ensured a 112.6%
increase in the employed population of the province.
The official sector of the economy of the region employs more than 524.3 thousand
people, or 50.7% of the total number of workers. Of these, about 55.6% of the population
employed in this network works in large enterprises and small, microfirms and farms.
At the same time, informal employment remains a negative trend in the field of
employment. In the Namangan region, there are various types of informal employment of the
population (performing temporary one-time and seasonal work, providing assistance to family
members and providing assistance to entrepreneurs who do not register Labor Relations,
entrepreneurs who do not register and work without appropriate permits). Thus, for 2018-
2022, the number of people employed in the informal sector of the economy grew by 1.5
percent (from 432.3 thousand people to 502.6 thousand people).
37
Source: areas calculated based on data from Namangan city statistics department
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Table 3
The role of the Namangan region in the development of the labor market and
its role in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Name of
Regions
years
Specification
Number
of labor
resources,
thousand
people
Number of
people
employed
in the
economy,
thousand
people
Unempl
oyment
rate, %
Share of
people
employed in
the informal
sector of the
economy *,
%
Those who
went
outside the
Republic to
work, a
thousand
people
Uzbekistan
Republic
2018-y
18104.8
12818.4
5.1
38.1
873,6
2021-y
18835.0
13273.0
9.3
41,1*
2384.8
dif.
(+/-)
730.2
454.6
4.2
3.0
1511.2
Namangan
region
2018-y
1506.8
937.3
5.3
46.1
82.7
2021-y
1563,8
1055,8
9.5
47.6
200.7
dif.
(+/-)
57,0
118.5
4.2
1.5
118,0
Share of the
region Republic,
%
2018-y
7.3
9.5
2021-y
8.0
8.4
Place area
among the
regions of the
Republic
2018-y
7
6
6
13
3
2021-y
6
7
6
4
A taxable level of well-being allows households to anic the level of ownership of economic
resources, their consumption or savings, as well as the ability to choose one of them. Bulsak,
which focuses on numbers, estimates early in 2022 that the share of revenue from production
in the 1st year's income structure was 71.5 percent, of which 1 percent was derived from labor
activity, and 2.1 percent was income from personal services produced for personal
consumption.
In the study of the lifestyle of the Population, Research is carried out as follows:
1. Study of population dynamics, social, economic,family and territorial composition,
differences in re-establishment and their causes;
2. Study of labor resources in the territorial structure of the population and
geographical differences in the use of these resources. The population is seen as a productive
force in this direction and relies on the interaction of geography with the economy and with
other economies;
3. Study of territorial distribution and migration of the population. The analysis of
population density and differences in it, the study of Population migration, changes in
population placement on a country-wide scale, changes in population composition and number
in individual regions due to migration, are among them;
4. Study of population settlements and their territorial range. This direction will be
devoted to the study of urban and rural settlements, their features of development and
settlement. Geographical Study of settlement of settlements;
5. The study of geographical differences in the culture and living conditions of the
population and these differences.
38
Source: * taking into account those who went to work outside the Republic.
Information of the Main Directorate of employment and Labor Relations of Namangan region
39
M.Borieva, Z.T.Tojieva, S.Zokirov textbook
“F
undamentals of population geography and demography
”
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When solving such masks, the attraction of GIS technologies gives a great effect. In the
current era, issues related to data processing are common in the activities of each field. All data
is formed on the basis of the geofumadas database. Today, GIS economics is widely used in all
sectors of industries. To use gat, it will be necessary to collect large amounts of written and
graphic, area-linked geographic information. That is why the geofumadas base is considered an
integral part of any GIS. Geofumadas are created using special GIS programs that eat. At the
moment, the reform of our country, as well as the GE-UZ project, as the main GIS program,
ESRI's ArcGIS program is aimed at creating and managing the Geofrequency database. That
being said, with the help of this ArcGIS program, the GIS pro-project is being created in our
country, as in many developed countries of the world today, and it is ensured that ulaming
operates effectively. In order to create and effectively use Geoaxborot systems projects, it is
necessary to divide the knowledge of the geomata database into yega. The purpose of providing
comfort to the population is the digitization of settlements is widely used.
Population is the most important object of socio-economic indicators. In the analysis, it is
considered as a geographical shell component and the main transforming force, a producer and
main consumer of various material and spiritual products. The population is characterized by
a sharp stratification in its territorial location; the accumulation in living, working and resting
places, above all in large cities, makes the analysis process difficult. In the implementation of
analytical analyzes with a demographic and socio-economic description of the population,
statistical methods are carried out in GIS programs-with many modified cartograms or
cartodiagrams.
Figure 1. Population map of Namangan region
When analyzing the population, it is necessary to take into account all its indicators. GIS
technologies provide an opportunity for this analysis to be large-scale. Since the population is
considered an aopolitical indicator both in the social sphere and in the economic sphere, it lies
at the heart of all development links. Because all the convenience and innovations that are being
created are for the population layer.
40
Source: created by the author on the basis of statistics
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It is possible to develop solutions and proposals for the problems that have arisen through
the results of the analysis carried out through GIS technologies.
It is also necessary to take into account the level of development of the territories, the
accumulation in places with favorable conditions for the settlement of the population.
Namangan region is located in the Fergana Valley and is one of the best destinations for
settlement. For this reason, most of the population is settled in the area. To carry out a wide
range of analysis, it is necessary to study both the possibilities and disadvantages of the
territory of course. GIS technologies, on the other hand, help to visualize the area extensively.
This facilitates the analysis process.
The population is also analyzed by place of residence, by place of work. The process is
based on the ability of the population to work, that is, the structure of employment we can use
such indicators as the working capacity, the number of employed, the number of unemployed,
the layer of the currently active population with work. On the labor resource card of the
population, the distribution of labor resources by regions, as well as the composition of Labor
resurs were analyzed in the cross section of districts of the Namangan region by the
composition of the economically active and inactive population. The result of the analysis
shows that the city of Namangan has the highest rate, that is, a population of more than 150
thousand people is considered to be able to work.
Figure 2. Labor resources map of Namangan region
The districts of Chust, Yangikurgan, Turakurgan, Chortok also have high rates, and the
population of more than 100,000 people is able to work. Uychi, Uchkurgan, Pop, Norin districts
are on average, while Mingbulok district is on the lowest. It follows from this that there is a
layer of incapacitated population, which can be concluded that there is a population in the
district that needs social protection. The composition of labor resources is determined by
economically active and inactive indicators. Namangan has the highest population, with 124.5
thousand economically active residents and 105.5 thousand unemployed. The lowest is the
contribution of Mingbulak district.
41
Source: created by the author on the basis of statistics
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Conclusion and suggestions.
The following conclusions and suggestions can be made on the development of territories:
- development of hudus to develop excellent strategic plans and ensure the intercession
of its implementation;
- application of modern methodologies and technologies in analysis and forecasting;
- making the most of the existing scientific and innovative potential in the country;
- Study of the experience of foreign countries in the development of GIS technologies in
the Republic;
- to make geoaxborot systems a powerful weapon in the management of territorial
development;
- it is necessary to develop a digital economy in the Republic;
- Application of the results of analysis obtained through GIS technologies in practice;
- providing social assistance to regions with low development;
- socio-economic development of Namangan region;
- attracting new projects that provide employment for the population;
- it is necessary to develop economic inactive sectors, introduce new areas of industries
in regions with low development rates.
References:
Akhmedov T.M., Abdullaev B.S. (2020) Socio-demographic features of sustainable
development of rural regions of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, Niso polygraph.
Decree (2022) Decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the development
strategy of New Uzbekistan dated 28.01.2022 PF-60 dated 2022-2026
Ibadullaev D.I. (2022) During the meeting, the parties discussed the development of the
economy of Tajikistan. Urgench, Economics Fundraise Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy (Doctor of
Philosophy) abstract dissertation, p9.
Ibraimova A.A., (2020) social and economic cartography: tutorial-Tashkent: drops of
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Mirziyoyev Sh.M. (2020) President Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoyev's appeal
to the Supreme Assembly and our people on 29.01.2020. Electronic source:
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Rakhimova M. (2021) region competitiveness ecological and economic mechanism of
professional development; economics fundraise philosophy Doctor of Philosophy (Doctor of
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Tashkent:
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Saushkin Yu. G. N. N. Baransky (1987) // Economic and social geography in the USSR.
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Tikunov V.S., Kapralov E.G., Zavarzin A.V. et al. (2005) Collection of tasks and exercises in
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