Literature

The aim of the research is to investigate the specific artistic skill and poetic style of the Karakalpak writer Shaudirbay Seytov in creating characters and to determine the role of the writer in the development of the Karakalpak prose of the 20th century.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the following:
The writer’s contribution to the development of the Karakalpak prose of the 20th century was shown by revealing the evolutionary development of his creative path and specific artistic skill in writing novels.
During the complex analysis of the system of images of the novel-tetralogy «Khalkabad», the writer’s innovation in creating the plot structure and interpreting the character of heroes was revealed.
It was proved that the artistic details such as memories, drcams and letters, as well as poetic expressions such as portrait and landscape styles used by the writer to describe the spiritual state of the hero provided the integrity of the plot and composition of the work.
It was substantiated that the artistic language of the novel-tetralogy and poetic expression of the hero’s speech were the basis for creating the character of the images described in the work.
It was substantiated that barbarisms, vulgarisms and nicknames were the main artistic tool for the discovery and individalization of characteristic features of the heroes.

General description of the study. Relevance of the topic. Studying and researching the literary heritage on the basis of primary sources is one of the priority tasks of today's literary studies, in particular, the science of source studies. Acknowledging the progress achieved in the study of the art of Furqat, son of Zakirjon Kholmuhammad, the great representative of Uzbek classic literature of the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, a poet and thinker, a famous healer known as "Zubdatul hukamo", and a skilled calligrapher who trained many students, it is worth noting that there is a lot of work to be done in this field. In particular, carrying out large-scale research on the manuscript sources of Furqat's works is one of the tasks that cannot be delayed. It is known that manuscript copies of Furqat's works can be found in manuscript treasures of several countries. For example, the most valuable manuscript copies of Furqat's works are kept in the Saltykov-Shchedrin State Library of Russia in St. Petersburg, in the Central State Archives of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, in the treasures of the Institutes of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in the city of Koqan, as well as in the Fergana Regional Literary Museum in Koqan, the poet's hometown.

 

The great poets have used various poetic arts effectively and skill-
fully to enrich the content of their works of art. This made the work artisti-
cally clear, stylistically fluent, and attractive in form.
This article is about the role of art in the work of Abdulaziz Majzub
Namangani, a representative of the Namangan literary community and one of the representatives of the Naqshbandi sect. There are two types of art in the works of the artist: the use of verbal and spiritual arts, and they are given beautiful evidence.
Spiritual arts are artistic means related to the meaning of an indi- vidual word or an entire verse in a byte, and their number, according to Atoullah Husseini’s Badoyi’u-s-sanoyi, is more than fifty. Rhetoric, allegory, parable, beautiful analysis, tajahuli orifona, diagnosis, talmih, laff and publication, ruju, istiora, satire, parable, tazad, tanosub and others are the most popular of the spiritual arts.
Vocabulary is based on the pronunciation and spelling of a byte or some of the words in it, takrir, mukarrar, kitabat, talmi ', history, more than fifty examples of verbal art are given.

M.Behbudiyning siyosiy mazmundagi ishlari qatoriga “Qonuni Ovro‘po”nomli maqolasini ham kiritish joiz. Oddiy xalq uchun tushunarli, sodda va ravon tilda yozilgan ushbu maqola “Qonunlar har mamlakatning ahvoliga va siyosatig‘a muvofiq yozilur, xalq vakillari tarafindan tahrir topilib, mamlakatning podshosig‘a topshirilur”, - degan mulohazalar bilan boshlanib, Yevropa mamlakatlaridagi hukumat boshqaruvi tahlil etiladi. Ular uchta, ya’ni monarxiya, parlament, respublika turlariga bo‘lib o‘rganiladi.

Subjects of research: the legacy, life and work of Lutfullah Nasafi, as well as his Fiqhi Kaidani.
Purpose of work: the study of the scientific heritage and Fiqhi Kaidani of Lutfullah Nasafi (the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th centuries) on the basis of primary sources; collection and analysis of the work’s copies, translations, commentaries and subcommentaries.
Methods of research: comparative-historical, comparative-typological, and paleographical-codicological methods have been used.
The results obtained and their novelty: the legacy of Lutfullah Nasafi has for the first time been studied; the date of death of the scholar has been specified; the name of the scholar’s father has been found in the sources; the essence of Fiqhi Kaidani, methods of clarifying the questions in the work and specific features regarding fiqh have been investigated; over 29 commentaries of the work have been revealed, as well as its Persian and Turkic translations have been clarified and analyzed; it has also been established that Fiqhi Kaidani, as a textbook, was frequently referred to in the education system.
Practical value: the findings and conclusions of the thesis are of the greatest significance in the study of the history of fiqh and scientific environment of Nasaf at the end of the 13lh and the first half of the 14th centuries and socially-cultural life of Central Asia, as well as in the study of Fiqhi Kaidani and its translations and commentaries.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the thesis materials have been put forward in a number of scientific conferences, as well as the chief purpose of the thesis is reflected in eleven scientific articles of the author.
Field of application: the thesis materials and findings can be used within Islamic Studies, in the study of cultural and spiritual life of Mawerannahr in the 13lh-14th centuries, in the creation of textbooks and manuals at Higher Educational Institutions.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the views of the great Uzbek poet and thinker
Alisher Navoi on the literature of the reign of Mirzo Ulughbek, encyclopedic scholar, the Temurids’ ruler. The author studied the ideas and interpretations on this theme in the works of Navoi on the basis of the following classification: 1) the praising of Mirzo Ulughbek in the works of the great poet; 2) The literary environment that emerged during the period of Mirzo Ulughbek and the attitude to its representatives’ work; 3) the development of literary and aesthetic thinking during the time of this ruler.
In the concluding section of Alisher Navoi's epic poem "Farhod and Shirin" and in "Majolis un-nafois" (“Tender meetings”) Mirzo Ulughbek is described and praised as a unique hafiz who memorized and learned the Holy Qur'an with seven recitations, a great astronomer who wrote "Ziji jadidi Koragoniy", as well as he was referred to as a poet with a great taste. In the example of Abdullatif Mirzo it was illustrated that Mirzo Ulughbek's natural inclination towards poetry was passed on to his children too.
In addition, the author of the article used information from Abdurazzoq Samarkandi's "Matla'i sadayn va majmai bahrain" and Davlatshah Samarkandi's "Tazkirat ush-shuaro" to prove his views. It has been scientifically proven that the information in these sources is valuable in terms of supplementing the views of Alisher Navoi provided in the "Majolis un-nafois" and enriching it with new facts and evidences. In turn, the views in the monographs of V.V Bartold "Ulughbek and his time", Ergash Rustamov’s "Uzbek poetry of the first half of the XV century" were analyzed too.

The aim of the research work is to study literary skills of famous children’s writer S.Bamoev.
Scientific novelty of the research are as following:
Base of S.Barnoev’s activity as a children’s poet, writer and publicist and his literary talent is worked out;
The writer’s literary tales, ballads, poems, morals, story and plays, created under the influence of folklore is comparatively typologically based;
The writer’s publicistic works are analyzed and internal genres as essay, literary story, publicistic story, sketch are founded;
The writer’s specific feature of expression, subject structure, compositional exactness, imagery, simple language, elements of satire, creative use of poetic art is scientifically opened in S.Barnoev’s talent of individualizing personages, generic variety, creating poetic image;
It is improved that Safar Bamoev’s works are created in the harmony of our multi-centurial spiritual traditions and independency ideologies.

In this article, the role of women in the family and society in the Gulf Arab countries, which constitute a significant part of Arab storytelling, is expressed. Also, in the works of Gulf writers, it is mentioned that women are represented as equal members of society, that is, society.

В статье говорится о расширении возможностей общения между людьми разных культур. О процессе интеграции, который, несомненно, имеет место в современной прозе и охватывает художественные процессы, происходящие в мировом литературном процессе. Общение между литературами –факт, влияющий на жизнедеятельность всей литературы.

Atash-Nomlash Hodisasining Milliyligi Sezgi Va Hislarninggina Mahsuli Bo‘lib Qolmay, Unda Munosabat Ham Katta Ahamiyatga Ega. Munosabat Esa Asosiy Diqqatning Atalmishni Nomlovchi Subyekt Uchun Ahamiyati Va Qiymati Bilan Belgilanadi. Ushbu Ahamiyatlilik Til Birliklarining Lisoniy Qiymatini Muayyanlashtiradi. Atash Nomlash Jarayonining Milliy Mentalitet Va Ahamiyatlilik Bilan Bog‘lanishi Tilshunoslarni Qadimdan Qiziqtirib Keladi. Bu Esa Fanda Qiyosiy-Tarixiy Yo‘nalishning Shakllanishiga Asos Bo‘ldi. Turkiy Va Forsiy So‘zlarning Lisoniy Qiymati Masalasi Bilan Qiziqqan Mutafakkir Alisher Navoiy Mazkur Tillardagi Farqlarni Ayrim Lisoniy Epizodlar Asosida Ravshan Tushuntirib Bergan. Olimning Qarashlari “Yazikovaya Znachimost” Termini Ostida F. De Sossyur Ta’limotida Rivojlantirildi.

The article discusses the main theoretical approaches in ethnic society in the study of conflict situations that have arisen with the formation of a new post-Soviet space. What conceptual weaknesses or, conversely, heuristic possibilities of these approaches are reflected in the study of specific cases of tension, sometimes referred to as ethno political conflicts as a result of the threat of force or overt use of violence. This issue is of great methodological importance, especially for the study of phenomena such as ethnic discrimination and the settlement of emerging conflicts. The method of expert research is a system of logical or instrumental operations used in the study of its objects to determine the factual information relevant to the subject of forensic examination. Methodology of expert research is a system of methods used in the study of its objects to determine the factual information relevant to the subject of forensic examination.

The article deals with the linguistic and literary features of the translation of S. Aini's works from
Tajik into English and Russian. Literary translation is a type of literary creation in which a work written in
one language is translated into another language. The work of Sadriddin Aini «Yoddoshtho» - «Reminiscences» was translated directly from Tajik into English by American professors John Perry and Rachel Lehr in 1998. The main problem is, first of all, the specificity of the text of a work of art, its differences from other types of texts. In fiction, images are used that are created by the writer using different language means, and to achieve this goal, he involves all the richness of the language, and the task of the
translator is to convey all this into another language

This article describes lexical and semantic relation of hyponyms in English linguistics, which means that analyzing deeply the features of hyponyms and its characteristic features. One of the most vital progresses in cognitive understanding of information, one of extremely significant devices to classifying vocabulary and performing of human perception. Lexical and semantic relations of hyponyms are taken into consideration when giving logical meaning and connection to speech that help to express the meaning of the word.

Til birliklari, jumladan, uning leksik guruhlari ham sistema, struktura va me’yor yoki normalarining dialektik munosabati asosida yuzaga keladi. Bunda sistema el ementlarining yaxlit majmuidan, struktura esa shu majmuaning ichki tuzilishidan iborat bo‘ladi. Binobarin, til hodisalarini sistem-struktur aloqasida o‘rganish, birinchidan, sistema tashkil qiluvchi elementlar yig‘indisini belgilash va, ikkinchidan, mazkur elementlar orasidagi ichki munosabat va aloqalarni aniqlash, ularning o‘zaro pog‘onali (iyerarxik) joylashishi hamda bir elementning ikkinchi elementdan hosil bo‘lish yo‘llarini ochib berishni taqozo etadi. Buni til leksikasidagi so‘zlarni ma’lum guruhlarga ajratib o‘rganishda kuzatish

The presented classifications of ways of forming lexical and grammatical units of slang of the Russian language, in this article, are based on the research of leading linguists in this field of linguistics. These are semantic shifts, etc. The largest layer consists of slang units borrowed from the English language. Grammatically, slangs of Internet communication are exposed to such parts of speech as nouns, adjectives, verbs, pronouns; syntactically, slangs representing whole expressions are distinguished.

This article discusses the concept lacunae in linguistics and modem lacunarism in translation, especially in the works of Kholed Husseini. His works were translated into several languages.

Khudoyberdi Tukhtaboyev, a famous representative of Uzbek children’s literature, is one of the writers who perfectly illuminate children’s mental world in their works. Khudoyberdi Tukhtaboyev started a new era in Uzbek children’s literature, as well as it’s prose. Actions, words, and character of the characters he created were loved by young readers. The writer was able to transfer the cheerfulness and innocence of a child in his works. This humor was close to children’s hearts, and he gained more and more young fans through this closeness.
The unique characters created by the writer are living in the hearts of many readers. In particular, his characters such as Hoshimjon, Mirobiddinkhoja, Orifjon, Akrom Kavunchi are already well known, especially to young readers. The reason for that is that the characters of them are very bright and memorable, cheerful, innocent and simple like a child, prone to laughter and humor. The purpose of the article is not only to list the biography and works of Khudoyberdi Tukhtabayev, but also to analyze the characteristics of his novels.

Objects of research: the mass-media presented in the national segment of the Internet, processes of their formation and development.
Purpose of work: analyzing the processes of formation of journalism in the national segment of the Internet and researching national Internet media as separate kind of system of mass media, revealing of problems and prominent features of their development.
Research methods: system analysis, comparative analysis, the content analysis, synthesis, generalization.
The results obtained and their novelty:
- For the first time the basic concepts and categories of the information market arc considered, attempt is made to show a modern situation in the given sphere;
- On an example of some national Internet editions and on-line agencies the role of Internet media in formation of the modern information market comes to light;
-For the first time processes of integration of two information fields - traditional media environment and the Internet arc analyzed;
- Properties, features and the technologies of domestic Internet journalism characterizing it as special type of journalistic activity arc designated;
- Essential distinctions of organizational work of traditional mass-media and Internet media arc shown, features of their creative activity arc revealed.
Practical value: research materials arc used in carrying out lecture and a practical training on Internet journalism at faculties and branches of journalism of high schools of the country, at rendering for practical assistance in work of the journalists worked in this sphere, and also in increasing the overall performance of national Internet editions, optimization of their variety.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Results of research arc used in educational and methodical activity of «Internet journalism and information technology» department of NUUz, can be applied in working out of marketing strategy by editions of mass-media, to overall performance increase over webresources of news agencies, advertising and PR organizations.
Field of application: mass-media and Internet journalism theory and practice.

Qat’iy qolipga solingan bu jarangdor qo‘shiqlar mavjud kamchilik, qusurlaridan qat’i nazar, albatta, ko‘ngillarda aks sado beradi. So‘ngso‘z o‘rnidagi mazkur maqolada sonet tarixi, ushbu janrga xos xususiyatlar to‘g‘risida muxtasar mulohoza yuritilib, sonetnavis shoirlarning ayni janrga mansublangan she’rlariga xolisona munosabat bildirilgan.

Har birimizning hayotimizda axborot olamining ahamiyati tobora kuchayib borayotgani kundek ravshan. «Infosfera» (axborot olami) olis manzillarni yaqinlashtirib, oraliqdagi masofalarni qisqartirmoqda. Mazkur olamda insoniyat tarixining barcha bilimlari jamlangan. Bizdan esa “Infosfera”ning kirish eshigi, undan foydalanish imkonini beruvchi asosiy kalit – internetni bilish talab etiladi, xolos. Bu maqolamiz ta’lim va fan sohasida tobora ahamiyati ortib borayotgan, jahon bilim omborining asosiga aylanayotgan elektron kutubxonalarga dahldor.

This article briefly describes the preliminary researches devoted to the problems of defining and classifying phraseological units that have not yet found a solution in the field of modern phraseology, in particular, in English and Russian linguistics. To analyze theoretical information and reveal the level of study of the problem effectively, analytical, comparative-typological, diachronic methods were used in this article. The analyzed materials show that the classifications covered in the history of phraseology are of great importance in modern phraseology.

Narsa-predmet va hodisalarning belgisini bildirish sifatning semantik asosidir. Belgi bildirish xususiyati va tabiati jihatidan tub va nisbiy sifatlar bir-biridan qisman farqlanuvchi o‘zgachaliklarga egadir.
Sifatlar frazeologik iboralar tarkibida ham tez-tez qo‘llanilishini ham ta’kidlab o‘tish joiz. Har bir tilda frazeologik iboralar tuzilishi, lеksik-sеmаntik, funksiоnаl uslubiy vа sintаktik vаzifаlаri, shuningdеk, o‘zigа хоs shаkllаnish хususiyatilаrigа egа bo‘lgаn til birligidir.
Ushbu maqolada italyan tilidagi sifat komponentli frazeologik iboralar va ularning semantik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Sifat komponentli frazeologik iboralarga oid misollar orqali, frazeologik iboralarda eng ko‘p qo‘llaniladigan sifatlar tahlili ham berilgan.

This article is devoted to the study of the scientific heritage of Mahmoud Zamahshari in our country. As well, the author gives information about valuable manuscripts and lithographic sources by Mahmoud Zamahshari stored at the Fund of the Center for Oriental Manuscripts named after Abu Rayhan Biruni.

The article examines the socio-educational and artistic-aesthetic factors of the creative perfection of the great poet and thinker Alisher Navoi, firstly, the fact that he thoroughly studied the Koran and the Sunnah, followed these two powerful sources without deviations, and secondly, that he read the works great Islamic thinkers, experts in Sufism and continuously developing their ideas, gave highly artistic interpretations in his works, thirdly, that he perfectly knew the history of the Turkish people to whom he belonged, and that he was able to mobilize all his creative and scientific potential to protect and elevation of the honor and glory of the nation.
It discusses how Alisher Navoi followed the principles of faith and Sharia, tafsirs and hadiths read by the great thinker, the works of Sufism scholars. His artistic interpretation of religious-enlightenment and philosophical-mystical ideas at a high level is confirmed by the analysis of his work. The essence of the parts of "Hamsa" is being investigated, such as "hamd" (praise of Allah), "munajat" (request to Allah) and "nat" (praise of the prophet). Analytical views are put forward on the complementarity of Islamism and nationalism, the support of the concept of the great poet's work on Islamic enlightenment, which did not prevent his works from expressing the national spirit. As a result of the analysis, theoretical generalizations are made.

The article examines the socio-educational and artistic-aesthetic factors of the creative perfection of the great poet and thinker Alisher Navoi, firstly, the fact that he thoroughly studied the Koran and the Sunnah, followed these two powerful sources without deviations, and secondly, that he read the works great Islamic thinkers, experts in Sufism and continuously developing their ideas, gave highly artistic interpretations in his works, thirdly, that he perfectly knew the history of the Turkish people to whom he belonged, and that he was able to mobilize all his creative and scientific potential to protect and elevation of the honor and glory of the nation.
It discusses how Alisher Navoi followed the principles of faith and Sharia, tafsirs and hadiths read by the great thinker, the works of Sufism scholars. His artistic interpretation of religious-enlightenment and philosophical-mystical ideas at a high level is confirmed by the analysis of his work. The essence of the parts of "Hamsa" is being investigated, such as "hamd" (praise of Allah), "munajat" (request to Allah) and "nat" (praise of the prophet). Analytical views are put forward on the
complementarity of Islamism and nationalism, the support of the concept of the great poet's work on Islamic enlightenment, which did not prevent his works from expressing the national spirit. As a result of the analysis, theoretical generalizations are made.