Literature

Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek xalq latifalarining shakllanish davri,ularning janr hamda nutq shakllariga xos xususiyatlarini o‘rganish, asrlarosha yashab kelayotgan lati- falarni imkon boricha kengroq tadqiq etish asosiy maqsad qilib qo‘yilgan.

O‘zbek tilida birlik va ko‘plik, ya’ni son kategoriyasining o‘rganilish masalalariga,tahliliga bag‘ishlanadi. Ko‘plik ma’nolarining tuzilishi, mazmuni, vazifasi va qo‘llanishini, o‘zbek tili tarixida ko‘plikning grammatik ko‘rsatkichlari yozma manbalar asosida aniqlanishi, ko‘plik ma’nosini ifodalovchi morfologiyaga doir ishlarda ot turkumida gram matik kategoriya sifatida o‘rganildi.

Ruhiy tasvir nafaqat dunyo adabiyotshunosligida, balki o'zbek adabiyotshunosligida ham atroflicha o‘rganilmoqda. Mazkur maqolada bu tushunchaning o'zbek adabiyotshunosligida kasb etgan mohiyati, xususan, badiiy psixologizm muammosining o'zbek adabiyoti va adabiyotshunosligida tutgan o‘rni va tadqiqi masalasi o‘rganildi.

In the textual studies of the peoples of the world, attention to the study of national literary heritage based on primary sources is growing stronger than ever. The study of manuscript sources makes it possible to restore the texts of the works of a poet or writer in accordance with the original (at least close to it), regardless of the period in which they lived. Without restoring a reliable text, the poet's work cannot be analyzed in terms of theoretical problems of literary studies. In world textology, research is being conducted on such scientific problems as comparative analysis of manuscript sources, creating a scientific biography of the creator, and studying the history of the text of an artistic work. Among them, a great deal of experience, knowledge and material has been collected within the framework of studying the sources of Eastern manuscripts spread throughout the world's libraries, including the works of Alisher Navoi and Babur, great figures of Turkish literature. Extensive research is the basis for the creation of the theoretical foundations of textual studies. Uzbek textology has progressed on the basis of existing scientific experiences and has achieved certain results in the study of classic literary sources. Researching the literary heritage of authors who have left a bright mark in the history of national literature, studying manuscript and lithographic sources based on the latest scientific achievements is one of the primary tasks of source studies and textual studies. After all, "...studying and promoting Uzbek classic and modern literature at the international level, analyzing this multifaceted topic in integral connection with the most important processes taking place in the world's literary space today, creating the necessary scientific - drawing practical conclusions is of great importance..." 1 . Accordingly, it becomes clear that it is urgent to carry out a scientific monographic study of the sources of the lyric divan of Khorezm literary environment representative Mutrib Khonakharob (1853-1923), study the textual history of the poet's works, and develop the principles of preparing a scientific and critical text. The study of Mutrib's work began during the poet's lifetime. Tabibiy recognizes the achievements of the poet in poetry and music in the collections "Majmuat ush-shuaroyi payravi Feruzshahi" and "Majmuat mukhammasot ush-shuaroyi Feruzshahi". "Biographies of poets and writers of Khiva" by Hasanmurad Laffasi, "Poets and singers of Khorezm" by Bobojon Tarroh, "Tazkirayi Qayyumiy" by Polatjon Qayyumiy also provide valuable information about the poet's work. O. Sharafiddinov, M. Yunusov, N.M. Mallayev, Yu. Yusupov, M. Pirnazarov, A. Abdugafurov published articles. These articles cover the biography of the poet, the ideological scope and artistry of his works, thematic and genre features of his literary heritage. But in most of them, the poet's works were interpreted under the influence of communist ideology. M. Pirnazarov studied manuscript and lithographic sources of Mutrib's lyrical heritage, subject scope, genre features, and artistic skills. Although this research provided valuable information for its time, problems such as creating a scientific biography of the poet, researching the author's works in the field of theoretical problems of textual studies, and creating a scientific-critical text are still waiting to be solved. In studying the poet's literary heritage, the book "Mutrib Khonaharobi (Ref. Collection)" is noteworthy. However, besides the fact that the text of these poems is not complete, there are also errors in the reading of words. In this tutorial, the manuscripts numbered 906/VII, 903/IV, 2679/II of the Department of Muhammad Hasan Mutrib kept in the main and H. Sulayman funds of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as Turkish manuscripts in bayoz, complex and tazkira poems, information about the poems in manuscript bayoz kept in Khiva Ichonqala Muhammad Rahimkhan Feruz II Museum.

 

Jahon adabiyotshunosligida biror-bir xalq adabiy-estetik ideali yuzasidan xulosa chiqarishda barcha davr ijodkorlari merosi asosida umumlashma va xulosalar bildirish muhim sanaladi. Zero, har bir xalqning adabiy-estetik idealining badiiy ifodasining shakli o‘zgarib turadi.

Ushbu monografiya mavzusi istiqloldan oldingi yillar o‘zbek lirikasi tabiatiga xos ichki sifat va struktura o‘zgarishlarini o‘rganish, poetik shakllarning badiiy o‘ziga xosliklarini aniqlash, ularning yaxlit badiiy-estetik tizim sifatidagi xossalarini belgilashdan iborat.

O‘zbek adabiy tili tarixi shakllanishi jamiyatning iqtisodiy va siyosiy rivojlanish omillari bilan yaqin aloqada bo‘lgan ijtimoiy fikrlar tarixi, madaniyati va adabiyot tarixi bilan uzviy ravishda bog‘langan. Ammo tilning barcha xususiyat va tomonlari hamma vaqt ham jamiyat hayotidagi iqtisodiy va siyosiy o‘zgarishlarni bevosita, bir xilda aks ettiravermaydi. O‘z navbatida, tarixiy taraqqiyotning turli davrlarida til qurilishida va uning xizmat qilish sohalarida yuz beradigan o‘zgarishlar ham jamiyatning rivojlanishi bilan bir xil darajada bog‘langan emas.

Maqolada atoqli hikoyanavis Hayriddin Sultonovning “Panoh” hikoyasida Bobur obrazining ifodalanish xususiyatlari tarixiy voqealar asosida bayon qilingan.

this article analyzes the image of the main character of the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Smoke" - Irina Ratmirova, as the embodiment of the typological variation of the "fatal woman". The similarity of the typological character traits of Irina Ratmirova and Anna Odintsova as women prone to the “fatal woman” variant, the peculiarity of which lies in selfish inclinations, is noted. It turns out that the heroine of the novel “Smoke” is trying to find harmony in her personal life, based on her own personal interests.

Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek tilining nafis, jozibadorligi, xalqimiz uchun uning tarixiy ahamiyati, o‘zbek tilini yuqori cho‘qqiga ko‘targan she’riyat sultoni A. Navoiyning tilimiz boyishiga qo‘shgan benazir hissasi, o‘zbek tiliga davlat tili maqomining berilishi bugungi kunda ona tilimizning birligi va rivojlanishi yo‘lidagi ba’zi bir muammolar va ularning yechimi haqida bayon etilgan.

Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining badiiy asarni o‘rganishda bevosita asar matni ustida ishlashga bog‘liq bo‘lishi, matn ustida ishlashning xilma-xil usullari, ana shular orasidan obrazlarning portretini o‘rganish muhim hisoblanishi, badiiy asarlarda qatnashuvchi qahramonlar ham bir-biridan farq qilishi, insonlar tashqi ko‘rinishi, xarakterlari, kiyinishi bilan bir-biriga o‘xshamasligi, har bir inson o‘ziga xos tashqi ko‘rinishga va ichki xislatlarga ega bo‘lishi haqida fikr yuritildi.

This article examines the historical, literary, theoretical and methodological aspects of comparative study of literature, taking into account modern ideas and trends in the Russian philological dialogue and interaction between the literatures of different countries.

Subject of research: to investigate development of modern Kuwait narrative as well as to study the creativity of prominent authoresses such as Laylo al-Usmon and Suraya al-Baksamiy’s narrations.
Aim of research: to investigate creativity of authoresses Laylo al-Usmon and Suraya al-Baksamiy, who made great contribution into formation and development of Kuwait narrativity, which is considerable part of Arabic narration as a whole.
Method of research: comparative-historical and comparative- typological analysis methods defined as a methodological complex widely.
The results achieved and their novelty: for the first time it has been studied the matters of artistic directions both stages of modern Kuwait narrative and inserted in scientific practice.
As a main source of research have been analyzed prominent authoresses Laylo al-Usmon and Suraya al-Baksamiy narrations. It brought up the matters such as the system of images ideological-esthetics efficiency, traditionalistic and specificity, development of hero’s personality, gradual development of woman’s image.
Practical value: The scientific-theoretical conclusions of the dissertation can be used for compilation of text-books and teaching appliances on Arabic literature, particularly, on Kuwait literature as well as to compose general courses on History of Literature and special courses.
Degree of embed and economic activity: The results of the investigation were seen in 16 scientific articles (5 of them are in foreign issues) and during the presentations at the scientific - theoretical conferences. On the base of the research materials reports were made in special courses on the themes «New stream in Arabic literature» (Master Degree), «Poetics of Arabic literature» (bachelor).
Field of application: literature studies and Arabic literature.

Maqolada oilaning jamiyatdagi o‘rni, uning rivojlanishidagi ta’siri, oilalar mustahkamligidagi kamchiliklar, mamlakat miqyosida amalga oshirilgan chor- tadbirlar ilmiy tadqiq etilgan.

The history of literature is directly connected with the history of the peoples of the world, and its fate runs parallel to the perfection and decline of mankind. Accordingly, the gallery of themes of world literature is also diverse, and among them the theme of war or a royal romance stands out. The core of this topic is the life and activity of famous commanders, kings or fighters, some of which caused the appearance of legends or series of works in world literature. One of these heroes, who gained literary fame throughout the world, was Iskandar (the person who was called Iskandar in the East, and Alexander the Great in the West). It is difficult to come across such a figure who had an equal impact on Eastern and Western lit-erature. His name had become a legend in languages, and his activity had inspired creative people. In particular, the Iskandar theme spread widely in the East and promoted the creation of many iskandarnomas (novels about Iskandar). The purpose of this article is to compare and analyze such dastans (epics) created in the khamsanavislik (khamsa writing) tradition as “Iskandarnoma” by Nizami Ganjavi and “Saddi Iskandariy” by Alisher Navoi. The creative originality of both writers is revealed on the example of the image of the “Episode of Iskandar’s campaign in China”. The research of the author was supported by reliable sources, and he used such methods as comparative-historical, cultural-historical and genetic analysis to achieve his goal. 

This article analyzes the philosophical and aesthetic aspects of the work of the Uzbek writer and poet Askad Mukhtar. The essence of fiction, artistic creativity is revealed with the help of specific aphorisms of the writer. The connection between the philosophical views of Eastern and Western thinkers on artistic creativity is studied and the position of the writer is determined.

The article analyzes the principles of social and political factors in the creation of poetic language. Classification of language according to its forms and ways of realization is given. In the process of hermeneutic analysis of the text as a work of art, one of the most important attributes of artistic literature is art, i.e. the relation of art to philosophical and aesthetic fantasy in the human mind, artist city is closer to the notions "originality", "exception", "normalization" and this is the first requirement for the art of existence. Society expects a new work and a new word from the creator. In this regard, ―a new word‖ means a new idea. At the moment, the word "a new word" also means other meanings, in addition to the meaning of "a new idea", "guidance" in the press, "superiority" and "stability" in politics, "fulfillment of promise" and others.

Ushbu maqolada Nazar Eshonqul qissa va hikoyalarida badiiy makon va uning xususiyatlari, tanlangan adabiy makonning obraz va xarakterlar bilan uyg‘unligi tadqiq va tahlil etilgan.

In this article, the lyrical poems of the Khorezm literary milieu poet Muhammad Hasan Mutrib Haji Tabib son (1853-1923) are studied from the aspect of textual studies. The poet’s poems were studied based on the classifi cation of author’s edition and scribe’s edition.

In the end of the 19 th and the beginning of the 20 th centuries, Muhammad Rahimkhan Feruz the Second created a unique literary environment in his palace in Khwarazm. Among the prominent poets who were active during this period were Tabibi, Mutrib, Bayani, Avaz Utar, Chokar and Shinasi. The majority of them were bilingual and composed both in Uzbek and Persian. Lavish poetic nights, bayt and ghazal competitions were organized according to the ruler’s order, during which poets recited the samples of their new works. In the literary environment of Khiva bayaz, tazkira and muntakhab collections were compiled as well as various devans, mukhammasat, ghazaliyat and rubaiyat, which were copied by qualified scribers. At present, the significant part of these works are kept in the manuscript fund of Abu Rayhan Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies of
the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in Ichan Qal’a Museum of Khiva. Among those one finds the literary heritage of the bilingual poet of Khiva, Mutrib Khanakharab son of Muhammad Hasan divan Hajji Tabib (1853–1923). His poetry were included in the collections of divans and bayaz under the inventory numbers of 2679/II, 903/V, 906/VII.
It is known that some bayaz collections contain Mutrib’s verses not included in his own divan. One of such bayaz collections was copied by Mulla Muhammad Yusuf Chikar bin Muhammad Yusuf divan Kharrot according to the order of Feruz.
In addition to Mutrib’s verses, this collection includes ghazals ascribed to other 21 poets. This source is kept today in the main collection of Abu Rayhan Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies under the inventory number 1184. The article provides a textual analysis of the literary heritage of Mutrib
Khanakharab based on the divan and bayaz collections located in the manuscript collection of Abu Rayhan Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies.

The aim of the research is to study the life and scientific heritage of Mustamli Bukhari, and introduce the scholar’s work «Sharh at-Ta‘arruf» into scientific usage in terms of Islamic history and sourcestudy.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
his more completely biography is compiled on the basis of Mustamli Bukhari’s approximate date of his birth and the exact date of death, mentors and pupils, activity spheres, and also identifying the created works;
in the basis of source and comparative analyze of the «Sharh at-Ta‘arruf» illuminated the history of Sufism up to the XI century, in particular, ascetic schools of Basra, Kufa, Khorasan and Transoxania, as well as the life, activities and views of prominent representatives of the Sufi schools of Iraq (Baghdad), Khorasan (Nishapur), Egypt, Syria (Damascus) and Central Asia;
it is proved that the essence of Sufi is love to God, aim is reach to God, character is walayat (friendship)), and results is consist of knowledge in the Mustamli’s imagination;
it was proved that created a centralized system of the Sufi way in the «Sharh at-Ta‘aruf» by Mustamli Bukhari, and this system, firstly, divided into two stages - shari'at and haqiqat, and secondly haqiqat, which is meaning the Sufism is divided into the following three stages: iradat —> Sufi’s levels —> ma ‘rifat, and the Sufi levels’ stage are divided into four stages: ‘Um —* vajd —♦ hal —> maqonv,
in the «Sharh at-Ta‘arruf» created a kind of system of status and conditions that differ from other authors in features, species, quantity and consistency, in particular, he evaluates the condition as a phenomenon depending on the status, and is achieved through the human efforts, and the status is considered as a phenomenon created by God, describes fourteen status and seventeen conditions arc proved;
identified the special and important place among the works, which is devoted to the systematization of the Sufi doctrine, including the fact that the stages of the Sufi way arc set out in a more systematized and centralized form is established by comparing the «Sharh-at-Ta‘aruf» with the Sufi sources created before and after it;
illuminated the influence of «Sharh at-Ta‘arruf>> as one of the first and important Sufi’s sources to the subsequently created Sufi’s sources, including works created in the XI-XV centuries, such as «Risala-i Kushayriya» by Kushayri, «Kashf al-mahjub» by Hujwiri, «Tadhkirat al-awliya» by Farididdin ‘Attar, «Fasl al-khitab» by Khwaja Muhammad Parsa, «Nafahat al-uns» by ‘Abdurahman Jami and «Nasayim al-muhabbat» by ‘Alisher Navai, and the influence’s two aspects that hagiographic and doctrinal nature arc illuminated.

Mumtoz poetikaning asosi balog‘at ilmi bilan bog‘liq. Balog‘at ilmi  III (hijriy)/IX (milodiy) asrdan boshlab alohida ilm sifatida shakllana boshlagan. Johiliyat davri she’riyatida ham balog‘at ilmiga oid bir qancha asarlar yozilganini ko‘rish mumkin. Islomiyat davrida esa balog‘atli kalomlar yig‘indisi Qur’oni karim bo‘lgan. Balog‘at ilmining 3 tarkibiy qismi: ilmi bayon, ilmi ma’oni va ilmi bade’ keyinchalik mumtoz adabiyot namunalarini tahlil qilishda ham muhim ahamiyat kasb eta boshladi. Keyinchalik balog‘at ilmi ta’sirida mumtoz matnlarni poetik tahlil qilish nazariyasini belgilab beruvchi 3 qism: ilmi aruz, ilmi qofiya, ilmi bade’ shakllandi. Bu ilmlar mumtoz poetikaning tarkibiy qismi sifatida arab, fors  olimlarining diqqat markazida bo‘ldi, mumtoz poetikaning nazariy asoslariga bag‘ishlangan bir qancha risolalar yaratildi. Bu uch qism o‘zaro uzviy bog‘liq bo‘lib, ularning amaliy jihati she’riyat singari qadimiydir. 

This book contains samples of the work of Mukimiy (1850-1903), the son of Muhammad Aminkhodzhi Mirzakhodzhi, a major representative of the Kokan literary environment of the second half of the 19th century - early 20th century, in various lyrical genres. The poet's lyrical poems included in this collection are distinguished by the fact that the deep philosophical content is interpreted in a combination of beautiful artistry and folk melody. The collection also includes humorous works of the poet and the famous Journey. We believe that this poetic bouquet will appeal to lovers of poetry.

In this article, "Tanazzul" by the son of Sa'dikhon Mavlavikhon
pentology and novel art are thoroughly analyzed. This novel is Uzbek
It is considered the second pentology in literature, and the writer's creative plan and purpose
some information about To be the first work of the writer
nevertheless, the proportion of historical truth and artistic texture is analyzed through examples.
In addition, the relationship with other novels covering this period is also compared. The work
In terms of linguistic features, it was pointed out that historical space and time were created by using different dialects in the speech of images. Also, romance in textile images
the relation of relationships with images in other works is comparatively analyzed.

The article examines methods of teaching foreign literature to students studying the Russian language. The main goal of the work is to demonstrate the possibilities of implementing multilingual education using the example of analyzing the work “The Picture of Dorian Gray”. Particular attention is paid to the methods of analysis of the adapted version of this work in English.