Adabiyot

The article focused on the importance and benefits of learning English literature, especially Charles Dickens` great cultural heritage. The goal of this article is motivate language learners acquaint pupils with the lives and works of important individuals in English literature and to explore his works. His fame stemmed from his ability to incorporate fascinating characters and stories with significant propaganda commentary about Victorian society's disenfranchised.

The article examines the issue of artistic expression of the human spiritual world in Uzbek poetry. Detailed comments are made about the artist's artistic skills. The topic is studied on the example of E. Vahidov's work, and the results of theoretical and artistic analysis are summarized

John Austin’s theory of speech acts revolutionized the study of language by shifting the focus from analyzing sentences in isolation to examining the communicative functions and intentions behind utterances. Central to Austin’s theory is the notion of illocutionary acts, which refers to the speaker’s intended illocutionary force in performing an utterance. This paper explores the concept of illocution in Austin’s theory of speech acts, its key components, and its implications for understanding language use and communication. By delving into Austin’s groundbreaking work, we gain insights into the complex nature of speech acts and their significance in everyday interactions.

the article is devoted to the study of the features of expressive syntactic means in modern English-language fiction. Examples of various expressive syntactic means are given, the most frequent of them are analyzed. The conclusion is made about the important contribution of the considered means to the creation of expressiveness of modern English fiction.

In this thesis, the famous poet, philosopher and critic Samuel Taylor Coleridge influences to the English literature by his romantic poems with his friend and also the poet William Wordsworth by publishing their well-known collection of poems “Lyrical Ballads” at that time

A revenge tragedy, is a tragedy, as its name implies, in which the tragedy is brought about by the pursuit and accomplishment of revenge. The revenge tragedy was very popular during the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, and it owed its popularity largely to the influence of Seneca, the ancient Roman dramatist

The subject of this article is the identification of the romantic originality of W. Irving’s short stories from the book «The Alhambra» In connection with this, the following characteristic features of the aesthetics of romanticism are clarified: the problem of the romantic hero, his opposition to society, the break of the ideal with reality, the role of folklore, the reception of contrast, etc. In the context of revealing the peculiarity of romanticism W. Irving, the creative evolution of the writer and the artistic structure of his short stories, reminiscent of a fairy tale. The problems and the subject-composition structure of Irving’s
works, based on the motive of adventure, are considered in detail; the uniqueness of the artistic chronotope
with elements of magic, the combination of myth and reality in the depiction of heroes; the plot-forming role
of the reception of contrast, the specificity of cultural, historical and spiritual realities borrowed by the writer
from Arabic and Spanish legends and fairy tales; the importance of fiction and irony as a means of understanding the contemporary writer of reality. All this gives grounds to draw a conclusion about the
romantic context of the works of the writer – the founder of American romanticism

The article describes the poetry of the famous Uzbek poet Uktamoy Koldorova [1]. Leading emotions in Uktamoy's poetry are a longing, a sense of sin, which transcends any poet. In her poems Uktamoy pays much attention to the description of nature's landscapes and twirling of the soul's states through their diverse colorful displays. Considering herself a part the nature the poetess tries to depict her joys and grieves in connection with different processes of the nature. We think that the poetry lovers and poetry admirers of our country will like this collection of poems in the English language.

This article discusses one of the possible approaches to assessing the content of oral monologue messages, which is based on the reproduction and interpretation of directly perceived semantic information in the text.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Khorezm's Muhammad Rahimkhan Feruz created a unique literary atmosphere around his palace. Poets and writers who are Tabibi, Mutrib, Bayani, Avaz Otar, and Chokar worked during this period. The works of the poets are in Persian-Tajik and Turkish languages and have their own traditions. The interest in science significantly grew in Khiva. According to the khan's decree, qualified secretaries set up devons, mukhammases, bayozs, tazkirs, and complexes. At present, such works are kept in the manuscript fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in the Ichankala Museum in Khiva. The collection "Majmuai mukhammasoti ash-shuaroi Feruzshahiy" is a large source of lyrical works of Khorezm literary environment. The complex was built in the second half of the XIX century and was built by Tabibi by royal decree. It contains samples of poems by contemporary artists. This source, which provides valuable information about the literary environment of its time, is now stored in the main fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhon Beruni of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan under inventory number 1134. The complex differs from other collections in that it consists of poems of the mukhammas genre. Muhammad Hasan Devon Haji Tabib o‗g‗li Mutrib Khonaharab is one of the poets whose works are included in the creative heritage of the poets. The article analyzes the mukhammases of Mutrib Khonaharab, which are connected with the ghazals of the master poets Ogahi and Feruz. The artistic features of Mutrib‘s mukhammases, which are not found in manuscripts, have been studied. It is based on primary sources that the poet‘s ghazal retains aspects such as weight and content, and introduces innovations, focusing on the gradual development of the content. The mukhammas and musaddas included in the collection were studied from the point of view of textual and source studies, comparing them with the poems copied to the manuscript. 

Ushbu maqolada milliy tilimizning keiib chiqishi va rivojlanishi haqida ma'lumotlar batafsi! yoritilgan. Ona tilimizning jahonda tutgan o‘rnini va nufuzini oshirish uchun ishiab chiqiigan qarodar va berilayotgan e’tibor to'g'risida mulohazalar keltirilgan.

Mazkur maqola XV-XVI asr Sharq tazkiralarida ayol shoiralar hayoti va ijodining tadqiqiga bag'ishlangan. Navoiyning "Majolis un-nafois", "Nasoyim ul-muhabbat", "Hayrat ul-abror", "Farhod va Shirin" kabi qator asarlarida islom dunyosi va o'z davri ayollariga bo'lgan ehtiromli munosabati yaqqol namoyon bo'lgan. Ammo Sharq musulmon dunyosida, XV asrga qadar ayol-shoiralar faoliyati maxsus kitob tarzida yoritilmagan. Ular haqidagi ma’lumotlar zamima tazkiralar, ayrim asarlar orqali bizga etib kelgan. Ammo XVI asr II yarmidan boshlab ayol ijodkorlarga bag'ishlangan maxsus tazkira asarlar ham dunyoga kela boshladi. Bunday maxsus tazkiraning ilk namunasi "Javohir ul-ajoyib"dir. U Navoiyning "Majolis un-nafois" tazkirasini forsiy tilga o'girgan tarjimon, bir nechta tazkiralar muallifi Faxri Hiraviy tomonidan 1554-1555 yillarda yaratilgan. Asar Debocha va Asosiy qismdan iborat. Unda 31 ta ayol shoiralar haqida ma’lumot beriladi. Maqolada "Javohir ul-ajoyib" tazkirasi asosida, XV-XVI asr Sharq shoiralari ijodi va faoliyati tadqiq etilib, muhim ilmiy xulosalarga kelingan. Bundan tashqari, 286 ta shoira faoliyatini qamragan "Tazkirat ul-xavotin", 140 ta ayol ijodkorlar haqida ma’lumot beruvchi "Tazkirat un-niso" asarlari borasida ham fikr-mulohazalar bildirilgan.

Ushbu maqolada T.Tolstayaning “Kys” distopik romani oliy o‘quv yurtida adabiyot o‘qitish amaliyotida janr belgilanishi kontekstida tahlil qilinadi. Oliy o`quv yurtlarida adabiyot darslarida aks ettirish texnologiyalarining metodik usullari ham ochib berilgan. Adabiyot darslarida muammoli ta’lim jarayonida rivojlantiruvchi muhit yaratishning majburiy pedagogik sharti aks ettirish bosqichi ekanligi ko‘rsatilgan. Bu talabalarga olingan natijalarni shakllantirishga, keyingi ish maqsadlarini aniqlashga va keyingi harakatlarini tuzatishga yordam beradi.

Wuthering Heights by Emily Brоnte (1818-1848) is а nоvel whiсh is windswept аnd weаther-beаten bоth in the wоrld оutside аnd in the wоrld inside оf humаn emоtiоn. The tоtаl bооk leаves а deep impressiоn оf аn intense but dreаry rоmаntiс view оf life аnd оf аn unusuаl mystery аnd соnfliсt. Nоne оf the Viсtоriаn nоvelists hаs been аble tо сreаte these trаits. Sоme оf Emily's сhаrасters аppeаr like сreаture sоft heir аutоnоmоus, unreаl wоrld. This pаpers shоws thаt the nоvel is аn eхpressiоn оf Emily's rаre sense
оf imаginаtiоn thаt is аbsent in mаny оther соntempоrаry nоvelists. It аlsо shоws thаt Emily pаints аn
unusuаl lоve befоre whiсh the demоniс pаssiоn melts. Sо, this nоvel stаnds fаr аpаrt frоm оther Viсtоriаn
mаsterpieсes. Nоtоnly this, Wuthering Heights dоes nоt pоrtrаy Viсtоriаn reаlism whiсh is the fосаl pоint оf
mоst оf the Viсtоriаn greаt nоvels

Today, along with other areas of linguistics, the field of terminology plays an important role in the development of linguistics. A number of theoretical and practical terms in this area is growing from year to year.

Maqolada Erkin Vohidovning badiiy so‘zni idrok etish hamda uning ma’no qirralari va qatlamlarini o‘rganish borasidagi izlanishlari tahlilga tortilgan. So‘zlarning ma’no munosabatlari, tarjimalardagi tafovutlar, mumtoz so‘zning o‘ziga xos jihatlari o‘rganilgan.

Maqolada Turkiston xalqlari uchun nihoyatda og‘ir va ziddiyatli bo‘lgan XIX asrning ikkinchi yarmi, XX asrning birinchi choragida yashab, faoliyat olib borgan ma’rifatparvar adib, jonkuyar pedagog Siddiqiy-Ajziyning hayoti va ijod yo‘li haqida fikr yuritiladi. Ushbu adibning xalqimiz ma’rifatini o‘stirish, ijtimoiy ongini rivojlantirish yo‘lida ko‘rsatgan fidokorona shijoati, sabr-matonati, zahmatli mehnati haqidagi mulohazalar bayon qilingan. Shuningdek maqolada Siddiqiy-Ajziy vafot etganidan buyon o‘tgan salkam yuz yil ichida adibning hayoti va ijodiy faoliyatini o‘rganish bo‘yicha amalga oshirilgan deyarli barcha ishlarga munosabat bildirib o‘til- gan. Ulardagi yutuq va kamchiliklar tahlil qilingan.
Siddiqiy-Ajziy XIX asr ikkinchi yarmi, XX asr boshlarida Turkis-tondagi ijtimoiy, madaniy, fikriy va milliy uyg‘onish harakatining jonkuyar vakillaridan biri bo‘laganligi alohida ta’kidlab o‘tilgan.

Ushbu maqolada gapning mazmuniga katta ta’sir o‘tkazadigan bog‘lovchilarning pragmatik ma’nosi va vazifalari o‘rganilgan. Bog‘lovchilarning nutq
vaziyatida lokutiv, illokutiv, perlokutiv aktlarni yuzaga keltirishi izohlangan. Bo‘lovchining aynan biriktiruv bog‘lovchisi bo‘yicha mulohaza yuritilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Abdulla Oripovning adabiy-estetik qarashlari falsafasi zamirida so‘zning qimmati, she’rning ahamiyati, adabiyotning
ma’naviy-tarbiyaviy vazifasi katta ahamiyat kasb etishi tahlil etildi. Shoir, she’r va so‘z uchligi Abdulla Oripov adabiy-estetik qarashlarining asosini tashkil etishi, “Ehtiyoj farzandi” maqolasida shoir ijodkor shakllanishining uch bosqichini ajratib ko‘rsatishi, shoir, she’r va so‘z uchligi bilan bog‘liq fikrlari Abdulla Oripovning adabiy-estetik konsepsiyasi yuksak talablarga asoslanganini ko‘rsatishi barobarida, ijod ahlini o‘z-o‘zini taftish qilishga, ijodiy kamolot yo‘lida muttasil izlanishga da’vat etishi jihatidan hech bir zamonda o‘z ahamiyatini yo‘qotmasligi yoritildi.

Ushbu maqolada Me’roj kechasining she’riyatda aks etishi muhokama qilinadi. Me’roj kechasini tasvirlashda Alisher Navoiy, Furqat va Abdulla Oripovning ijodidan misollar keltirib, tahlil qilinadi va bu uchijodkor she’rlaridagi mavzuning mushtarak va farqli jihatlari o‘rganiladi. Payg‘ambarimiz Muhammad (s. a. v.) ga na’t yanglig‘ yaratilgan asarlarda me’roj kechasining tasviri alohida o‘rin tutishi, bu kechaning musulmon sharq adabiyotida o‘ziga xos obraz darajasiga ko‘tarilgani, shuningdek, Isro va Me’roj kechalarining farqi xususida mulohazalar bayon etilgan. Bu tasvirlar mumtoz shoirlarimizda yuksak pafos bilan yo‘g‘rilganligi va A.Oripovda sokin va bosiq holatda yoritilganligi badiiy asarlardan keltirilgan misollar yordamida dalillanadi. Me’roj kechasidagi voqea- hodisalar ketma-ketligi har uchala ijodkorning she’riy asari misolida ko‘rib chiqiladi va shular asosida ilmiy xulosalar chiqariladi.

Tilning frazeologik fondi xalq madaniyati va mentalitetining qimmatli ma’lumotlar manbayi sanaladi. Frazeologizmlarda muayyan xalqning miflari, udumlari, rivoyatlari, taomillari, urf-odatlari, ma’naviyati, axloqi va h.k. haqidagi tasavvurlari mujassamlashgan bo’ladi. Tilning ijtimoiy hodisa ekanligi eng qulay va faol kommunikatsiya vositasi sifatida, jamiyat a’zolari o‘rtsasidagi mavjud aloqalarni tartibga solish va uni
rivojlantirishga ham xizmat qilishi kerak. Tilning tadqiq etilishi bevosita uning jonli hayot bilan bog‘liqlikda
amalga oshirilgandagina qimmati va ahamiyati ortib boradi. Xuddi shu nuqtai nazardan yozma adabiyotdan avval ham xalq og‘zaki ijodi mavjud bo‘lgan va bugungi kungacha yetib kelgan. Xalq og‘zaki ijodining xuddi shunday namunalaridan biri sifatida maqolning o‘ziga xos o‘rni va ahamiyati mavjud. Maqollarda avlod-ajdodlarning hayotiy tajribalari, jamiyatga munosabati, tarixi, ruhiy holati, etik va estetik tuyg‘ulari, ijobiy fazilatlari mujassamlashgan. Asrlar mobaynida xalq orasida sayqallanib, ixcham va sodda poetik shaklga kelgan. Xalq og‘zaki ijodi namunasi sifatida maqollar mavzu jihatdan nihoyatda boy

Maqolada Sharq me’moriy asarlari badiiy tahlil jarayonining liboslarga ko‘chirilishi tasvirlangan. Sharq arxitekturasidagi jozibadorlik latif ayollar libosini yaratishda asos sifatida olinishi ta’riflangan.

Mazkur maqolada XIX asr oxiri - XX asr boshlari Xorazm adabiy muhitida ijod etgan shahzoda shoirlardan Sultoniy, Sa'diy, G'oziylar devonlaridagi she’rlar tahlil etiladi. Shahzoda shoirlar ustozlar maktabi-dan oziqlangan, fors-tojik, turkiy tillarda yozilgan mumtoz she'riyatni o'zlashtirgan holda ularga naziralar bog'lashgan.
Maqolada shahzoda shoirlar lirikasi timsollar takomili, badiiy tasvir vositalarining o'rni, badiiy ta’sir kuchini oshiruvchi ma’naviy va lafziy san'atlardan foydalanish mahorati ko'rsatib berilgan. Shuningdek, shahzoda shoirlar devonlaridan joy olgan lirik she’rlarda tashbeh, tazod, tajnis, nido, talmeh, kitobat kabi badiiy san'atlar asosida poetik ifodalarning yaratilishi tahlil etiladi.

This article is devoted to investigation of the aspects of science fiction. The investigation is done on science fiction sources and analogy of unrealistic portraying

Ma’lumki, O`rta Osiyoda yashagan qadimgi aholi folklori, xususan, sak-massaget eposi namunalarining qadimgi yunon manbalaridan, xususan, Gerodotning “Tarix” asaridan o`rin olgan. Gerodot skiflar diyori bo`ylab qilgan sayohatlari chog`ida o`zining mahalliy aholining boy og`zaki ijodi, ayniqsa, qahramonlik va jasoratni tasvirlovchi epik asarlari bilan tanishgan. SHuning uchun ham u uz “Tarix”ida skif qabilalari hayoti bilan bog`liq u yoki bu rivoyatni keltirishdan avval so`zni “aytishlaricha”, “menga aytib berishlaricha”, “hikoya qilishlaricha” kabi birikmalar bilan boshlaydi. Bu esa Gerodot asarida keltirilgan skif folklori namunalari bevosita og`zaki an’anaga borib taqalishidan darak beradi. Gerodotning “Tarix” asarida keltirilgan “skif hikoyalari”ning negizi folklorga borib bog`lanishini D.S.Raevskiy va L.A.Lelekovlar ham qayd etishgan.