384
túsiniginiń sheńberi hár túrli izertlewshiler tárepinen hár qıylı bayanlanadı, bul bolsa janrlıq
shegaralardı anıqlawdı qıyınlastıradı. Úshinshiden, dástúriy tárizde balalar ádebiyatı sıpatında
klassifikaciyalanǵan ádebiy ertekler jası úlkenler auditoriyasın da ózine tartadı, bul bolsa, avtorlıq
erteklerdi balalar ádebiyatı janrı retinde klassifikaciyalaw qanshelli orınlı degen soraw payda etedi.
Tórtinshiden, inglis ádebiy ertek dástúrleriniń basqa janrlardıń milliy dástúrleri arasında tutqan ornın
anıqlaw zárúr. Olar ushın eń qıyın soraw ádebiy hám xalıq ertekleri ortasındaǵı baylanıs bolıp
kórinedi, biraq túrli tariyxıy basqıshlarda bul janrǵa tiyisli tekstlerdiń pragmatikalıq parametrlerin
hám janr rawajlanıwınıń tariyxıy sháráyátların túsinbey turıp, ol máseleni sheshiw múmkin emes dep
esaplaydı. Biraq inglis ádebiyattanıw iliminde xalıq awızeki dóretpesi hám ádebiy erteklerdiń óz-ara
baylanısı haqqında anıq bir pikir joq. Bir tarepten izertlewshiler erteklerdin bul eki turin aniq ajiratip
korsetsede[2:176], ekinshiden basqa avtorlar tarepinen ekinshiden, basqa avtorlar tárepinen
anıqlanǵan táriypler túrli janrlıq qásiyetlerdi salıstırıwǵa, olardıń arasındaǵı ózgesheliklerdi anıq
ajıratıwǵa múmkinshilik bermeydi[3:162].
ÁDEBIYATLAR
1.Qaraqalpaq xaliq ertekleri. – No’kis: Qaraqalpaq ma’mleketlik baspasi, 1949. – 186 б.
2.Gates P.S. Fantasy literature for children and young adults / Pamela S. Gates, Susan B. Steffel,
Francis J. Molson. – Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003. 176 p.
3.Брауде Л.Ю. Сказочники Скандинавии. – Л.: Наука, 1974. – 240 с.; Zipes J. The
Irresistible Fairy Tale: The Cultural and Social History of a Genre. – Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 2012. – 235 p.; Bottigheimer R.B. Fairy tales: a new history. – New York: State University of
New York Press, 2009.162 p.
THE ISSUSES IN LEARNING AND TEACHING ACADEMIC WRITING IN
HIGHER EDUCATION
Aina Bazarbaevna Saltamuratova – assistant teacher
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute
Named after Ajiniyaz,
Writing is recognized as crucial component of the English learning process and is also
essential to the study of other areas in which English is used as the international language. It is an
activity to express ideas, feelings, or views in the written form containing certain information. It is
general fact that good writing cannot be produced instantly. This skill is taught in stages in
universities. The aim of this course to train students and enable them to produce quality writing.
Students will learn to construct simple sentences, make good paragraphs, then create meaningful
essay. After passing through these stages, students will actively begin to write scientific articles in
the academic writing. Consequently, academic writing has become widely accepted as one of the
important forms of writing to improve. Academic writing is a general form of higher education to
assessing their students by writing assignments or conduct research. In Universities or Institutes,
students are expected to address in intellectual community in which they engage in active learning
using a variety of cognitive skills. Students in higher education are required to select, evaluate, report,
summarize, paraphrase, conclude, argue, select words and grammatical patterns and avoid plagiarism.
Enhancing academic writing is much more demanding for EFL students in higher education.
Postgraduate students are required to write assignments for assessment purposes in different courses
in English. In these cases, Students are expected to show the ability to produce a good piece of
academic writing, but they facing difficulties in doing so. The students ought to be able to transform
their ideas through writing in logical and reliable form. Additionally, Culture and social background
influence students to produce academic writing. [2, p46]
Students who are learning English as a second language more likely to face difficulties to
acquire academic writing skill. (Al Badi, 2015). From my own experience, during the writing lessons,
the students find it difficult to provide comprehensive introductions, paraphrasing, and construct
grammatically correct sentences. Writing in academic style is complicated not only in English
385
language but also in Karakalpak language. It requires to acquire some knowledge of rules of writing
in formal style. Actually, academic style is challenging for the ESL students.
In teaching academic writing is the most dominated form of, where students are supposed to
express their ideas and beliefs. In term of range, students have to write extended essays of ten
thousand words, case-studies and articles as well. Post-graduate students can deal with Qualification
paper of 25,000 words. Academic writing skill does not always run smoothly. The most common
difficulties students encounter are vocabulary, grammar and sentence structure. These three things
are the main components of composing an essay. They are connected to one another. If student has
difficulties mastering one or all three components, the writing will be less than perfect. Furthermore,
there are another obstacle higher education students face are structure and styles problems.
Structure problems are a common academic writing challenge and refer to the organization and
layout of the work. Many students experience difficulties in structuring their text properly to create
an academic piece of writing. The most of the teachers include structure in their writing instruction,
believing it is one of the most essential aspects of student’s writing. However. Universities use the
traditional introduction-main div-conclusion methods, the majority of the students still struggle with
organizing their ideas in each separate section and express what they mean by their statements. This
is closely connected with the mental processes the writer tends to go through during writing and also
not being correctly and efficiently informed on how to organize their piece of work. The most
common mistake is presenting new idea in the conclusion, instead of restating the argument and main
point. This can lead to confusion on the part of the reader suddenly being presented with new details
at the end of the reading the essay. Another problem that might happen regarding the conclusion is
not brief, clear and concise. Very long conclusion is not important and only a few sentences are
enough, excluding and unnecessary information. Moreover, writer also struggle with constructing a
thesis statement and providing a clear explanation of what the reader is about to encounter and identify
the major claim of the whole work. Ineffective academic writing instructions result in the writer’s
inability to establish academic competence. These issues can make the writing complicated to follow,
understand or evaluate. In addition, they can also affect argument and evidence. To avoid these
structure problems, it is crucial to plan and outline the writing in advance using clear and suitable
format for the genre and purpose. Students should be taught to utilize clear and concise sentences,
paragraphs and sections that are connected and relevant to the main point. Signposting words such as
however, therefore, firstly, secondly, etc., can be useful for leading readers through writing. [1, p3]
Style issue is a common challenge in academic writing and can refer to the tone, voice and register
of the work. These problems can make writing sound unprofessional, biased, or vague and can reduce
the students’ credibility and authority. To avoid style issue, student ought to adopt a formal and
academic style with clear and precise language. Additionally, the writer should avoid using first
person pronouns unless required or allowed by the genre or discipline, instead, passive voice or
impersonal construction should be used.
The focus of this work is to identify the academic writing challenges of students and the common
areas of difficulties in writing. Students should write more even outside the class and seek feedback
during the lesson actively because it is important to develop their writing skill. Reading is also crucial
in improving students writing skill by enhancing their vocabulary. Therefore, students should read
academic materials concerning their study field and interest. The syllabus designers and teachers
should consider incorporating and assigning academic papers in the writing module.
REFERENCE
1.
Chien, Shih-Chieh. Cultural constructions of Plagiarism in students writing: Teachers’
perceptions and responses. Research in the teaching of English, vol.49, no.2, National
Council of Teachers of English, 2014, pp.120-40
2.
Dr.Shaban Aldabbus Academic writing difficulties encountered by University EFL
learners/ British journal of English Linguistics// Vol.10, Issue 3, pp.1-11,2022
