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INTERPRETATION OF IDIOMS STARTING WITH ‘HAVE’ IN THE ENGLISH-
UZBEK ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY
Sherali Ruzimov
PhD doctoral student of Nukus State Pedagogical Institute,
named after Ajiniyaz
Idioms enrich language, reflecting cultural depth and enhancing communication. Despite being
challenging, they offer insight into cultural nuances and foster fluency. This article proposes
recommendations for presenting idioms starting with 'have' in the English-Uzbek electronic
dictionary.
Here's a sample presentation of the idiom "have it in for someone" in an electronic bilingual
dictionary:
have it in for someone
idiom
[informal] xusumati bo‘lmoq, adovatibo‘lmoq
• Jane seems to have it in for Jerry. I don’tknow why.
• Max has it in for his old girlfriend since shebroke up with him. [1; 289]
When a word in an idiom is listed as a dictionary entry, include a separate section explaining
the idioms it belongs to.
number noun /ˈnʌmbә(r)/son, raqam
Idiomalar
have (got) sb'snumber
SLANG idiom
[informal] rejasidan/hiylasidan xabardor bo‘lmoq
• Don't worry, I've got his number, he doesn't fool me.
Making noun [U] ...
Idiomalar
have the makings of something
Fig. idiom
zarur xislatlar bo‘lmoq
• The young boy had the makings of a fine baseball player. [1; 294]
headnoun /hed/ ...
Idiomalar
have one’s head in the clouds
idiom
1. boshqa narsa haqida o‘ylamoq
• “Bob, do you have your head in the clouds?” said the teacher. [2; 184]
2. erishish qiyin bo‘lganmantiqsizorzularqilmoq
have your head screwed on (the right way)
idiom
[informal] dono va tajribali
• Ask Lois to help - she's got her head screwed on the right way.
Translations of idioms with multiple meanings can be listed based on frequency. Here's another
example of presenting such idioms:
have nothing on someone or something
idiom
1. [informal] yonidahechnarsaemas, tengkelaolmaslik, yetaolmaslik
• He's a good player, but he's got nothing on his brother.
2. hechqandayma'lumotbilmaslik, isbotibo‘lmaslik
• The dictionary had nothing on the word I looked up. [1; 290]
have something out (with someone
) (Fixed order.) idiom
gaplashibolmoq, halqilibolmoq
• John has been mad at Mary for a week. He finally had it out with her today.[1; 293]
After translation, include a clear example sentence demonstrating the idiom's usage in practical
situations. This helps users understand its meaning and usage in context.
have it in one to do something
idiom
[informal] qobiliyati bo‘lmoq, qo‘lidankelmoq
• I wanted to help out, but I just didn’t have it in me. [1; 289]
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Including both BrE (British English) and AmE (American English) variants of the phrasal verb
accommodates regional language differences, ensuring comprehension for users across English-
speaking regions.
field day noun /ˈfiːlddeɪ/ [AmE] [BrEsports day] ...
Idiomalar
have a field day
(Refers to a day when children are released from classes to take part in sports
and athletic contests.) idiom
[AmE, BrE] yomonishniqilibzavqlanmoq, mazaqilmoq, rosayayramoq
• The air was fresh and clear, and everyone had a field day in the park during the lunch hour.
[2; 176]
patadverb /pæt/ ...
Idiomalar
have/know something off pat
idiom
[BrE] [AmE have/know sth down pat] suvqilibichibyuborgan, yodlabolgan
• Tom has his part in the play down pat. He won’t make any mistakes. [2; 186]
Including synonyms or alternative expressions enhances users' understanding by providing
additional linguistic options.
heartnoun /hɑt/ /hɑrt/ ...
Idiomalar
have a change of heart
idiom
hissiyotlario'zgarmoq, ishqisovumoq, qiziqishiso'nmoq
• Since I talked to you last, I have had a change of heart. I now approve of your marrying Sam.
[2; 175]
Sinonimlar
change one's mind, flip-flop, change one's tune, have second thoughts, have a rethink, think
again, think twice; [informal] get cold feet, do a U-turn
have a heart
idiom
[informal] yuraging bormi?, rahmingkelsin!
• If Ann had a heart, she’d have made us feel more welcome. [2; 177]
Sinonimlar
be compassionate, be kind, be merciful, be lenient, be sympathetic, be considerate, have mercy
Providing alternative translations (‘boshidevorgaboriburilmoq, qiyinahvoldaqolmoq’) clarifies
the idiom's meaning, aiding users in understanding its nuanced usage, particularly with idiomatic
expressions.
backnoun /bak/ ...
Idiomalar
have one’s back to the wall
Fig. idiom
boshi devorga borib urilmoq, qiyin ahvolda qolmoq
• How can I bargain when I’ve got my back to the wall? [1; 290]
Maintain consistency in presenting phrases across entries in the dictionary, especially with
multiple variations of idioms like 'have one’s feet on the ground', 'get one’s feet on the ground', and
'keep one’s feet on the ground'.
footnoun /fʊt/ [pl. feet] ...
Idiomalar
have one’s feet on the ground (also ‘get one’s feet on the ground’, ‘keep one’s feet on the
ground’)
(Also literal.) idiom
realyondashmoq / qaramoq, hayotiyyondashmoq, osmondaemasyerdayurmoq
•He’s new at the job, but soon he’ll get his feet on the ground. [2; 140]
If the word in the idiom has another meaning (e.g., playful), it can be explained in brackets.
whalenoun /weɪl/ ...
Idiomalar
have a whale of a time
(Slang. Whale is a way of saying big.) idiom
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[informal] vaqti chog‘ o‘tmoq, mazaqilmoq
• Enjoy your vacation! I hope you have a whale of a time. [2; 181]
‘Get’ and ‘have’ are common in idiomatic expressions, conveying specific meanings. ‘Have’
suggests possession, while ‘get’ often implies acquisition or change. For example, ‘Have a headache’
describes a current state, while ‘Get better’ implies future improvement. Idioms starting with either
word maintain their meaning and can be interpreted in the following form.
antnoun /ant/ ...
Idiomalar
have ants in one’s pants
(Refers to the agitation caused by ants crawling into one’s pants.
Slang. Also with get.)OLD-FASHIONED HUMOROUS idiom
[informal] qimirlamayturaolmaslik, ichidaqurtiborbo‘lmoq
• I wonder if all actors get ants in their pants before they go on stage. [2; 133]
In electronic bilingual dictionaries, it's vital to balance clarity, completeness, and accessibility
for idioms, aiding users in understanding their meaning, usage, and regional nuances. Idioms play a
crucial role in language, enhancing expressiveness, reflecting culture, and fostering effective
communication, making their mastery essential for language fluency.
REFERENCES
1. Richard A. Spears, Ph.D. Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs. 2005 by The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
2. Richard A. Spears, Ph.D. NTC’S American IDIOMS Dictionary third edition. 2000 by The
McGraw-Hill Companies.
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
3. Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary.
4. Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 3rd Edition.
5. Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. Harper Collins Publishers 2001.
6. Macmillan English Dictionary 2nd Edition.
THE NOTION AND DEFINITION OF THE INTERJECTION AND EXCLAMATORY
WORDS
Riyimbayeva Begoyim 4th year student
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute Ellikkala brunch
Dauletmuratova Kh. Scientific advisor
NSPI, English language and literature
Modern linguistics, with its emphasis on the human aspect of language, is characterized by
addressing a broad range of issues related to both the nature of the human mind and intellect, and its
behavior manifested in all processes of human interaction with the surrounding world and other
people.
Linguists are showing an increasing interest in the domain associated with the emotional-
expressive aspect of linguistic signs. These studies focus on linguistic units that are semantically
significant elements. Linguistic elements that are non-referential and semantically empty, such as
interjections, receive much less attention from linguists in traditional grammar.
The interjection and exclamatory words are quite a controversial unit of language. Language
scholars, grammarians and linguists generally preferred to limit its role to a marginal element with
respect to other aspects of language because of its nature and the difficulty in attributing it to the
categories of traditional grammar. That is probably why interjections have been quite poorly
analyzed. The interjection, as one of the, perhaps, least discussed upon classes of words, is the focus
of this pursuit.
The term interjection entered the English language probably in the 13th or 14th century from
Latin interjicere (-jacere) with the meaning to throw or cast between, from «inter» between + «jacere»
to throw.
