Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Development stages of terminology in Linguistics
Mukhammadjon ERGASHEV
Kokand State Pedagogical Institute
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received January 2024
Received in revised form
10 January 2024
Accepted 25 February 2024
Available online
25 May 2024
This article presents information about the stages of
development of terminology as a branch, based on the
development of a specialized conceptual apparatus of various
disciplines. The main tool for structuring and systematizing this
conceptual apparatus is a special terminological dictionary,
which represents a central element in the study of terminology.
The article emphasizes that in the modern scientific and
linguistic context the role of terminology is constantly increasing,
but the development of terminography does not always keep
pace with the rapid progress of various scientific fields, which
jeopardizes the adequacy and relevance of terminological
databases.
2181-3701
/© 2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss2-pp362-366
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
terminology,
dictionary,
stages of development,
special terminological
dictionary,
the terminographic source,
terminography.
Tilshunoslikda terminologiyaning rivojlanish bosqichlari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
terminologiya,
lug
‘
at,
rivojlanish bosqichlari,
maxsus terminologik lug
‘
at,
terminografik manba,
terminografiya.
Ushbu maqolada terminologiya sohasining rivojlanish
bosqichlari haqida qisqacha ma
’
lumot berilgan. Har bir fan
o
‘
zining kontseptual apparatini ishlab chiqadi, uning aloqasi
uchun maxsus terminologik lug
‘
at qo
‘
llaniladi, uning markaziy
qismi va obyekti terminologiyadir. Hozirgi davrda turli
fanlarning jadal rivojlanishi natijasida terminologiyaning
tildagi o
‘
rni va ahamiyati muttasil ortib bormoqda, lekin
terminografiya hali ham orqada qolmoqda.
1
PhD, Associate Professor, Kokand State Pedagogical Institute.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
2 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
363
Этапы развития терминологии в лингвистике
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
терминология,
словарь,
этапы развития,
специальный
терминологический
словарь,
терминографический
источник,
терминография.
В данной статье представлены сведения об этапах
развития терминологии как отрасли, основывающейся на
разработке специализированного понятийного аппарата
различных
дисциплин.
Основной
инструмент
структурирования и систематизации этого понятийного
аппарата –
специальный терминологический словарь,
который представляет собой центральный элемент
в изучении терминологии. Статья подчеркивает, что
в современном научном и языковом контексте роль
терминологии постоянно возрастает, однако развитие
терминографии не всегда успевает за быстрым прогрессом
различных научных областей, что ставит под угрозу
адекватность и актуальность терминологических баз
данных.
The world is in a state of constant flux, and the professional activities of individuals
play a pivotal role in enabling an appropriate response to the changes that are occurring.
The advancement of science is a continuous process that is governed by its own laws. Each
day, new discoveries are made, and technologies and products are developed based on the
experiences and conclusions that have been obtained in the previous state of science. The
unprecedented pace of human development and scientific achievements have a profound
impact on the thinking of people representing developed nations and are directly
expressed in language as a means of consolidating newly acquired knowledge and rapidly
disseminating it to the entire planet. The multifaceted nature of the elements of the reality
in which we live, as well as the necessity for a more comprehensive and effective utilization
of various methodologies for their comprehension and in-depth analysis, have contributed
to the division of the scientific image of the world into discrete components and the
emergence of distinct, highly specialized, and newly established fields of scientific
knowledge. Each discipline develops its own conceptual apparatus for the purpose of
communication, utilizing a specialized terminological dictionary as the central component
of this apparatus. The dictionary's object is terminology. At the current stage, the share
and importance of terminology in the language are both on the rise, yet terminography is
still lagging behind. As a consequence of the accelerated evolution of various scientific
disciplines, it has been estimated that up to 90% of the new vocabulary entering modern
languages is constituted by terms specific to these disciplines. If we cite some statistical
information related to the dynamics of the development of individual terms, it can be said
that in the 20th century, the number of terms in Russian architectural-construction
terminology
increased
from
35
to
250 thousand, while in the middle of the century, the number of terms in German electrical
engineering terminology reached 4 million. It is also important to consider that
The necessity to examine the mechanisms and principles governing the
verbalization of scientific knowledge and concepts through language is driven by a number
of significant factors, in addition to the quantitative data on the terms utilized in
contemporary languages. The rapid development of the conceptual apparatus of certain
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
2 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
364
disciplines and their terminology often leads to an increase in the number of terms in the
language. This is mainly due to the emergence of synonymous terms, polysemantic terms,
and variants of forms, as a result of the acquisition of terms from other languages. This
makes the use of the terminological apparatus inconvenient. This phenomenon can give
rise to a number of adverse consequences. Consequently, one of the principal objectives of
terminological dictionary work is the organization and systematization of the dictionary.
Furthermore, the structural organization of scientific knowledge in the form of a coherent
system facilitates approaches such as mastering, teaching, and developing the practice of
using it in discourse. In light of the aforementioned considerations, it is of paramount
importance to conduct a thorough examination of the terms in question with regard to
their degree of accuracy and the limitations of their definitions. This is particularly crucial
when communicating with experts in the same field of knowledge, as well as in
intercultural contexts. In the modern era, the integration of research conducted by experts
from diverse countries and the promotion of joint research through international grant
programs are becoming increasingly common.
Consequently, it is imperative to examine the terminology within the context of
language dynamics and cross-linguistic correction.
Furthermore, the terminographic source preserves and reflects all the accumulated
experiences, material achievements, and the results of knowledge about the reality of
individual peoples and the entire humanity. Consequently, terminography is not merely a
means of organizing terminological knowledge, which is a collection of terms, but also a
method of acquiring it. It is evident that the issue of terminology usage
The complexity of the study of terms is based not only on the multifaceted and
multidimensional nature of the concept but also on the existing differences between
different scientific terms. Consequently, one of the principal research subjects in the study
of terms is terminology, which is defined as a set of terms utilized in a specific field of
knowledge. A.V. Superanskaya posits that terminology represents a distinctive functional
variety of the language of general literature, comprising the primary, central, and
information-rich components of the language vocabulary.
Consequently, in order to organize terms in any language, it is necessary to be aware
of their specific functional-semantic and pragmatic-linguistic features, as well as the
scientific-practical description of the terminological units contained in them and the
features of organizing their functional classification. It is evident that the structural-
categorical properties, semantics, terminological nomenclature methods, and other
characteristics exhibit distinct specific signs and properties in the terminologies of
different disciplines. The differences in form and content between the terminological units
of some subtiles can be explained by their specific characteristics with respect to other
members of the language family to which they belong. Thus, S.V. Ilina identifies the
emergence of terminology as a unit in the language as a significant feature, noting that new
terms are distinguished by the imagery of the terminological vocabulary. She also
highlights the effectiveness of metaphorization as a method of term formation. In the
analysis of ancient terms that already exist in languages, it is essential to consider their
functional-semantic dynamics, as terms reflect the specifics of the development of a given
science. This fact presents a significant opportunity for terminologists to investigate the
reasons behind the evolution of terminology and the frequent alterations in the utilization
of terms within scientific discourse. Such insights can provide valuable information about
the historical and temporal aspects of the emergence of these terms.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
2 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
365
It is important to note that young and middle-aged terminology systems, of course,
conditionally give age to the terminological system. The origin of this system can be
characterized by the presence of foreign terms. In this case, one or more functionally
developed languages in the world act as donors. For instance, since antiquity, the utilization
of Greek and Latin terminology and linguistic elements about word formation has been
regarded as a hallmark of subtle medicine. In addition, it is important to note a significant
trend related to the updating of the terminological apparatus of this field. In this instance, the
determination of numerous medical terms that verbally express the names of diseases that
have existed since time immemorial in the languages of numerous nations results in the use
of synonymous constructions that are unknown to the patient. For instance, the term
"malignant tumor" has been replaced by a more euphemistic alternative.
The relatively young terminology of the Russian language programming sub-
language includes a significant number of transliterated and coined terms from the English
language. This is due to the active and rapid development of scientific knowledge on
naming and describing the referents that occurred in English-speaking countries.
In addition, as previously stated, terms can be acquired not only from other languages but
also from other terminology that exists within one's own language. Consequently, the
areas of interaction of the studied lexical sub-system with terminologies in other languages
and numerous other elements of vocabulary layers are of indisputable interest for
research. As A.V. Superanskaya posits, "sciences in modern society represent only a
continuum that is conditionally divided into certain disciplines." For example, I.N. Volkova
demonstrates that a significant proportion of psychological terminology is derived from
rethought mythologies. Furthermore, this lexical layer serves as a productive donor for
several disciplines. For example, the mythological term "hydra" is employed as a term in
the sublanguages of zoology.
It can be observed that the quantitative content of the terms in question is
considerably higher than that of the overall quantitative content of the vocabulary of
neutral words in general use. It is not possible to place an equal sign between these lexical
layers based on the specific features of the field of application, which have been repeatedly
emphasized by linguists and terminologists.
As A.V. Superanskaya notes, the defining feature of a special dictionary is that it is
not in general use and is available only to specialists in a certain field of knowledge.
Additionally, the terms in these dictionaries are not a common language as a means of
communication in any situation; rather, they constitute a separate, subtle form of language.
This approach suggests that if we fail to consider the ongoing processes of exchange
between special and common vocabulary, the use of terms belonging to the same subtil in
different speech types
–
discourses that are not characteristic of them
–
as well as the facts
of the use of common words in scientific discourse, this situation appears reasonable.
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–
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–
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Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
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Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
2 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
366
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