Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Verbal means of expressing consent
Nodira АBRIEVA
Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received April 2024
Received in revised form
10 May 2024
Accepted 25 May 2024
Available online
25 June 2024
This article provides a comparative analysis of verbal means
of expressing consent in the English and Uzbek languages. The
study focuses on the semantic principle and the influence of
cultural and national characteristics of the worldview on the
ways of expressing consent. Particular attention is paid to the
nature and functions of speech means used in both languages.
2181-3701
/©
2024 in Science LLC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss1
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
verbal means,
agreement,
semantics,
linguistic culture,
linguistics.
Rozilikni ifodalashning verbal vositalari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
verbal vositalar,
rozilik,
semantika,
lingvomadaniyat,
lingvistika.
Maqolada biz ingliz va oʻzbek tillariga xos boʻlgan rozilikni
iffodalovchi verbal vositalarini ko’rib chiqamiz.
Ular semantik
printsip (xususan, dunyoqarashning madaniy va milliy
xususiyatlarining semantikaga ta’siri) va verbal vositalarning
tabiati bo‘yicha taqqoslanadi.
Вербальные средства выражения согласия
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
речевые средства,
договор,
семантика,
лингвокультурология,
языкознание.
В данной статье проводится сравнительный анализ
вербальных средств выражения согласия в английском и
узбекском
языках.
Исследование
фокусируется
на
смысловом
принципе
и
влиянии
культурных
и
национальных особенностей мировоззрения на способы
выражения согласия. Особое внимание уделяется характеру
и функциям речевых средств, применяемых в обоих языках.
1
Doctoral student, Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov.
E-mail: nodiraxon01011990@gmail.com
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
476
Har bir insonning ma’naviy kamol topishida ona tilining o‘rni beqiyosdir.
Yurtboshimiz tomonidan olib borilayotgan benihoya keng qamrovli islohotlarda til
muammolari, xususan, ona tiliga
–
davlat tiliga e’tibor masalalariga
alohida diqqat
qaratilayotganligi bejizga emas, albatta. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining "O‘zbek
tilining davlat tili sifatidagi nufuzi va mavqeyini tubdan oshirish chora-tadbirlari
to‘g‘risida"gi Farmoni [1] 4
-bandiga muvofiq mamlakatimiz ijtimoiy hayotining barcha
sohalarida davlat tili imkoniyatlaridan to‘g‘ri foydalanishga erishish; ta’lim
muassasalarida davlat tilini o‘rgatish va uni bilish darajasini yanada takomillashtirish,
davlat tilining ilm-fan tili sifatidagi nufuzini oshirish; sofligini saqlash, boyitib borish va
nutq madaniyatini yuksaltirish kabi vazifalar belgilab berilgan edi. Har tomonlama
sog‘lom avlodni voyaga yetkazish masalasiga jiddiy e’tibor qaratilayotgan bugungi kunda
yoshlar orasida, avvalo, komil insonning muhim sifatlaridan biri sanalgan muloqot
madaniyatini shakllantirish, davlat tili qoidalariga amal qilgan holda nutq so‘zlash
ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish ustuvor vazifalardan hisoblanadi. Bu jarayon, ayniqsa,
mashaqqatli kasb egalari bo‘lgan o‘qituvchilardan ulkan mas’uliyatni talab etadi. Avvalo,
pedagogning o‘zida tilning eng muhim funksiyasi hisoblangan muloqot qilish madaniyati
to‘liq shakllangan bo‘lishi lozim. Zero, muomala odobi, muloqot madaniyatiga hamma
ham birday amal qilavermaydi. Ko‘hna yozma yodgorligimiz bo‘lmish "Avesto"da
aytilishicha, "Yomon ustod hayotni g‘amgin qiladi, hayot chirog‘ini so‘ndiradi..." Shunday
ekan, har bir o‘qituvchi savodli gapirishi, o‘z nutqini chiroyli va tushunarli, ta’sirchan
qilib bayon etishi, o‘z fikr va his
-
tuyg‘ularini so‘zda aniq ifodalay olishi kerak. Mohiyatan
bitmas-tuganmas, cheksiz-chegarasiz ifoda imkoniyatlarining majmuasi hisoblangan
tilimizda muloqot shakllari verbal va noverbal ko‘rinishlarda bo‘ladi.
Verbal aloqa
–
inson nutqi yordamida tajriba almashish, muloqot o‘rnatish va
harakatlarni rejalashtirish maqsadida tildan foydalanish jarayoni. So‘z, ma’ruza, suhbat,
savol-javob, nasihat, munozara, bahs, xabar, tabrik, tanbeh, salomlashish-xayrlashish
kabilar verbal muloqot shakllari hisoblanadi. O‘qituvchining chiroyli nutqi orqali uning
yuksak madaniyatini, tilga bo‘lgan mehr
-
muhabbatini bilib olish mumkin. U har bir so‘zni
o‘z ohangi bilan tiniq talaffuz qilib, quvonchli so‘zni quvonch bilan, g‘amgin so‘zni hasrat
bilan ayta olsagina har bir so‘zi o‘quvchilarning yuragiga tezda yetib boradi. Chunki so‘z
bilan o‘quvchining faqat qulog‘ini emas, balki qalbini ham zabt eta olish lozim. Avvalo,
o‘qituvchining o‘zi ma’noli gapira olishi, nutq zanjiridagi halqalarni ilg‘ay olishi, so‘zdan
o‘rinli foydalanishi va nutqiy fahm
-u farosat kabi fazilatlarni mukammal egallagan
bo‘lishi lozim [2].
Verbal vositalari tushunchasi bu odamlarning his-
tuyg‘ulari va munosabatlari
qanchalik muhim bo‘lmasin, ishbilarmonlik aloqasi nafaqat ma’lumot uzatish, balki hissiy
holatlarni tasniflashni o‘z ichiga oladi [3]. Axborotning mazmuni til yordamida
izohlanadi, ya‘ni verbal va noverbal vositalar asosida. Bundan tashqari, xabarlar
almashinuvi "osonlicha" sodir bo‘lmaydi, balki muloqot maqsadlariga erishish uchun,
shuning uchun siz xabarga kiritilgan verbal vositalarni hisobga olishingiz kerak [4].
Muloqotda biz nafaqat ma’lumotni uzatamiz, balki xabar beramiz, muammoni hal
qilishdagi qiyinchiliklar haqida bilim almashamiz, shikoyat qilamiz va hokazo. Verbal
vositalar asosida qurilgan muloqotda quyidagilar muhim ahamiyatga ega:
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
477
Shu tariqa, rozilikni ifodalashga madaniyatning "ochiq" va "yopiqlik" darajasi,
milliy mentalitet, dunyoning lingvistik tasviri, vaqt haqidagi g
‘
oyalar va shaxsning shaxsiy
maydoni kabi madaniy farqlar ta’sir qilishi mumkin. Misol uchun, ingliz madaniyati
yanada erkin va ochiq lingvomadaniyat aspektida. Shu sababli, inglizlar va o
‘
zbeklar
o
‘
rtasida muloqotning emotsionallik darajasida farqlar bo
‘
ladi, deb taxmin qilish
mumkin. Masalan, o‘zbekcha salomlashish ko‘proq hissiyotli va uzoq bo’ladi, bu milliy
mentalitetdan kelib chiqadi.
O
‘
zbek tilida rozilikni ifodalovchi formulalari ko
‘
pincha qisqa iboralardir: "Ha",
"Yaxshi!", "Xo
‘
p", "Kelishdik", "Balki" ("Ehtimol"), "To
‘
g
‘
ri".
Masalan:
–
Kinoga borasizmi?
–
Ha.
–
Do
‘
kondan non olib keling.
–
Yaxshi!
"Balki" ("Ehtimol") so
‘
zi kamroq ishonchni bildiradi. Masalan:
–
Ular yana urushga tayyorlanishyaptimi?..
–
ha, ehtimol ko
‘
chalarda kichik chuqurchalar qazib olinganga o
‘
xshaydi
[5].
Nima deysiz (va nima demaysiz);
fikringizni ifodalash uchun qanday
so
‘
zlardan foydalanasiz?
suhbatdoshga ma'lumotni qanday
ketma-ketlikda yetkazasiz (qayerdan
boshlaysiz, qanday davom etasiz,
qanday tugatasiz);
qanday dalillar keltirasiz;
fikringizni qisqa yoki batafsil bayon
qilish lingvomadaniyat aspektida.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
478
Ingliz tilida esa quyidagicha, verbal vositalar orqali, turli xil salomlashish, nutq
odob-axloq formulalari, tan olish ("janob Ross?") va murojaatlardir.
–
Mr. Jones: Good morning, Mrs. Williams. How are you this morning?
–
Mrs. Williams: I'm quite all right, thank you, Mr. Jones. And how are you?
–
Mr. Jones: Fine too, thank you. Nice day, isn't it?
–
Mrs. Williams: Absolutely lovely. Much warmer than yesterday, I believe, though a
bit misty. Have you read the weather forecast for today, by the way?
–
Good afternoon, Mrs. Ferris.
–
Good afternoon, Mrs. Collins, nice day, isn't it?
–
Oh, yes, just lovely. I believe it's a bit colder than yesterday.
–
Yes, the mist has cleared but the weather forecast says it will be snowing later in
the day.
Harrison. "I'm really sorry, but it was an opportunity I just couldn't pass up. Don't
you agree, honey?"
Though deeply hurt, she was forced to play the reluctant accomplice.
"I guess Ted's right" she said loyally [2].
Suhbatdoshning e’tiborini jalb qilish uchun ishlatiladigan verbal vositalarga:
Look,
Excuse me, Hey, Huh, Here we are (tag questions), Come on
,
Good to see you, Nice to meet
you, First class job
kiradi.
–
Hello, Dick, lovely day, isn't it?
–
Absolutely wonderful, nice and warm.
"Wow" I commented. "This is really good"
"It is, isn't it?" she agreed.
"Hey, wait a minute, Keller, let me explain this, huh?"
He glanced at his brand-new Timex watch and, like a military officer, replied, "Okay, I
give you five minutes. Then I phone Brzezinski to get me out of here".
"You need a lift, Jason?" Linden asked.
"No, thanks" he answered sullenly.
"Come on, Gilbert, you'll freeze to death walking back like that."
"Okay"he relented.
Ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida rozilikni ifodalashning verbal vositalari quyidagi
o‘xshashliklar mavjud:
Men roziman
–
I agree, oʻylaymanki
- I guess
,
OK
(ikki tilda ham bir
hil rozilik ma’nosini ifodalaydi),
yaxshi-good:
–
Don't you mind the cold?
–
Not at all. I prefer a cold winter to a hot, muggy summer.
–
I agree. After the terrible August we had last year, low temperatures are kind of
refreshing.
–
I guess we can't do anything until after dark then.
–
1 guess so. What else can we do? You can't stay in the heat for long!
"Why don't I sleep on the couch, okay?"
"You wouldn't mind?"
"Not at all" I said.
Shunday qilib, rozilikni ifodalovchi verbal vositalar suhbatni davom ettirish uchun
mulohazalar, fikr almashish, suhbatda pauzalarni to
‘
ldirish, nutq odobi birliklari va aniq
ma’lumotga ega bo‘
lmagan xushmuomalalik formulalarini o
‘
z ichiga olishi mumkin.
Bunday muloqot hissiy stressni bartaraf etishga xizmat qiladi yoki yaxshi xulq-atvor
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Special Issue
–
1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
479
ko
‘
rsatkichi bo
‘
lib, do
‘
stona muhit yaratishga va muloqotchilar o
‘
rtasida aloqa
o
‘
rnatishga yordam beradi. Rozilikni ifodalovchi verbal vositalarni talqin qilishda
lingvomadaniyat asosida diskursiv, argumentativ, shaxslararo strategiyalar kabi bir qator
strategiyalardan foydalanishni o
‘
z ichiga oladi, ularning har biri samarali muloqot va
rozilikni olishga hissa qo
‘
shadigan o
‘
ziga xos milliy mintalitet kodlari to
‘
plamiga ega.
O‘rganish asosida shunday xulosaga kelish mumkinki, umuman olganda, o‘zbek va
ingliz tillarida rozilikni ifodalovchi verbal vositalarning to’g’ri talqin qilish usullari bir xil.
Ikki til o
‘
rtasidagi rozilikni ifodalash verbal vositalaridagi farqlar tilning o
‘
ziga xos og
‘
zaki
vositalarini tanlashdadir lingvomadaniyat aspektini e’tiborga olgan holda. O‘zbek tiliga
emotsional ma’no ifodalashda ko‘p darajada xalqning milliy mintalitetiga xos bo‘lib, bu
kelishuvni ifodalashda diskursiv formulalardan
foydalanishda namoyon bo‘ladi.
Shunday
qilib, verbal vositalar nutqni jonlantiruvchi, uning samaradorligini oshiruvchi muhim
omillardan biri sifatida inobatga olinishi, o‘rganilishi zarur. Tabiiyki, inson muloqot
jarayonida o‘zini qurshab turgan olam haqida axborot beribgina qolmay, balki
predmetning tinglovchiga yoki o‘zining xabar qilinayotgan predmetga bo‘lgan
munosabatini ifodalashga moyillik ham bildiradi.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI:
1.
Mirziyoyev Sh.M. "O‘zbek tilining davlat tili sifatidagi nufuzi va mavqeyini
tubdan oshirish chora-
tadbiriari to‘g‘risida". 21.10.2019 PF
-5850-son. https://lex.uz
2.
Boltayeva V. O‘. & Boltayeva N. O‘. (2022). Pedagog nutqida verbal va noverbal
aloqa vositalari. Talqin va tadqiqotlar ilmiy-
uslubiy jurnali, 1 (1А), 18
-21.
3.
Turdiev A. (2022). Verbal ways of achieving agreement between English-speaking
communicators when assessing the weather. Teacher XXI century, 2 (3), 300-304.
4.
Mikes G. How to be a Brit.
–
London: Penguin, 2021.
5.
Shohsanam Alisherjon Qizi Jurayeva (2023). Paralingvistik vositalarning verbal
tasviri. Science and Education, 4 (2), 1657-1661.
