Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная
лингвистика
и
лингводидактика
–
Foreign
Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/foreign-linguistics
Communicative features of hyperbole
Kizlarkhan DJABBAROVA
1
Uzbekistan State World Languages University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received August 2024
Received in revised form
10 August 2024
Accepted 25 September 2024
Available online
15 October 2024
This article examines hyperbole as a significant rhetorical
device, focusing on its communicative features and effects.
Hyperbole, as a deliberate form of exaggeration, serves various
communicative purposes, including emphasizing ideas, evoking
emotions, and engaging audiences. By analyzing its use in
different contexts
–
literature, media, and everyday conversation
–
the article underscores hyperbole's role in enhancing meaning,
influencing perception, and shaping discourse.
2181-3701
/©
2024 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-3701-vol2-iss5-pp142-146
This is an open-access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru
Keywords:
hyperbole,
communication,
figurative language,
rhetorical devices,
exaggeration,
discourse analysis.
Giperbolaning kommunikativ xususiyatlari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
giperbola,
kommunikatsiya,
figurativ til,
ritorik vositalar,
mubolag‘a,
nutq tahlili.
Ushbu maqolada giperbola muhim ritorik vosita sifatida
ko‘rib chiqiladi va uning kommunikativ xususiyatlari va
tinglovchiga ta’siriga e’tibor qaratadi. Giperbola, bo‘rttirilgan
shakldagi mubolag‘a sifatida, g‘oyalarni ifodalash, his
-
tuyg‘ularni
bildirish va tinglovchilarni jalb qilish kabi turli kommunikativ
maqsadlarga xizmat qiladi. Shuningdek maqolada uning
adabiyot, ommaviy axborot vositalari va kundalik muloqotdagi
qo‘llanilishi tahlili orqali giperbolan
ing nutqni boyitishdagi,
tasavvurga ta’sir ko‘rsatishidagi ahamiyati bayon etiladi.
1
Senior Teacher, Uzbekistan State World Languages University. E-mail: jabbarovaqizlarxon@gmail.com.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
143
Коммуникативные особенности гиперболы
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
гипербола,
коммуникaция,
образный язык,
риторические средства,
преувеличение,
анализ дискурса.
В статье рассматривается гипербола как значительное
риторическое средство с акцентом на её коммуникативные
особенности и эффекты. Гипербола, как преднамеренная
форма
преувеличения,
выполняет
различные
коммуникативные функции, включая акцентирование
идей, вызов эмоций и привлечение аудитории. Анализ её
использования в различных контекстах –
литературе, СМИ
и повседневном общении –
подчёркивает роль гиперболы в
усилении смысла, влиянии на восприятие и формировании
дискурса.
INTRODUCTION
Hyperbole, as an exaggerated statement, is widely used in spoken and written forms
to enhance communication by amplifying certain ideas, emotions, and intentions.
It allows speakers and writers to convey messages with an intensity that literal language
cannot always achieve, making it a powerful tool in persuasive discourse, emotional
expression, and creative writing. For instance, statements like “I’ve told you a thousand
times” or “This is the best day ever” do not aim for factual accuracy but rather express a
heightened emotional state or emphasize a point for impact.
In modern communication, hyperbole has increasingly grown relevant as
individuals navigate diverse media landscapes
–
from literature to advertising to digital
communication. The constant evolution of language, especially through the internet, has
brought new hyperbolic expressions and memes into everyday conversation, where
phrases like "literally dying" and "best thing ever" have become mainstream. These
expressions reflect not only the linguistic creativity of hyperbole but also the cultural
influences on its usage and perception.
This article investigates the communicative features of hyperbole, analyzing its
impact in various contexts and discussing its cultural variability, especially in English-
speaking contexts versus others, such as Uzbek culture. By examining the roles hyperbole
plays in different forms of discourse, this study highlights the device's utility in intensifying
meaning, evoking emotions, and enhancing memory retention.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The concept of hyperbole has been recognized and studied since ancient times.
Aristotle, in
Rhetoric
, acknowledged hyperbole as a significant rhetorical device,
describing it as a way to exceed the bounds of literal truth for the sake of emphasis or
humor [2]. According to Aristotle, hyperbole functions as a “figure of amplification,”
allowing the speaker to dramatize their message to engage the audience more effectively.
Modern linguistic studies continue this exploration, examining hyperbole as a
component of figurative language alongside metaphor, simile, and irony. Colston and
Keller [4], in their study “You Said It Again and Again: Hyperbole in Conversation,” explores
how hyperbole functions not just as exaggerated statements but as a mean to add
emotional weight and context to conversations. They argue that hyperbole transforms
ordinary language, making it more vivid, engaging, and memorable.
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
144
Several scholars have identified specific communicative functions of hyperbole that
distinguish it from other rhetorical devices. According to McCarthy and Carter [7],
hyperbole is not only a tool for emphasis but also a way to reflect attitudes and convey
feelings. By exaggerating reality, speakers can connect with their audience on an emotional
level, often making statements that are memorable and engaging. Additionally, Gibbs [5]
notes that hyperbole adds a layer of cognitive engagement by encouraging listeners to
interpret the speaker’s underlying intentions, making communication more dynamic and
interactive.
It is known that the Uzbek language also has the meanings of exaggeration and
strengthening, and it is called “mubolag‘a”
(exaggeration) in Uzbek, this is the equivalent
of the English hyperbola. The phrase “mubolag‘a” expresses the meanings of magnific
ation,
and amplification in Arabic, exaggerating and reinforcing the state or movement of the
artistic symbol depicted in a literary work.
Ex
: The person in front of me walked as slow as a turtle.
The propositional meaning "He did not neglect anything around him while walking,"
is a more extreme version of "It took him a very long time to move away". The description
of the event is more extreme in comparison with experience. The time the speaker
intended to say it took the person to walk is much longer than in reality. Some Uzbek
linguists like Sh.A. Abdurahmonov [1], L.T. Bobohonova [3], A. Hozhiev [6], have worked
on hyperbole in comparison with Russian and English scientists' work.
Research on cross-cultural differences in hyperbole usage suggests that the
acceptance and form of hyperbole vary significantly across languages and societies.
Studies indicate that hyperbolic expressions are commonly used in American and British
English to add humor, strengthen arguments, or dramatize everyday experiences. In
contrast, cultures with a tendency toward understatement may find hyperbole excessive
or even disingenuous, often limiting its use to specific contexts or expressions. These
cultural nuances make hyperbole an interesting subject for cross-cultural studies, as it
reflects broader communication styles and values.
DISCUSSIONS
Hyperbole plays a unique role in enhancing communication by adding intensity and
emotional depth to messages. Through exaggeration, hyperbole allows speakers to
highlight aspects of a situation or feeling that would otherwise be downplayed or go
unnoticed. For example, the statement “I’m drowning in work” conveys a stronger sense
of urgency and stress than a literal statement like “I have a lot of work.” This emotional
amplification ma
kes hyperbole a valuable tool in conveying the speaker’s subjective
experience, thereby making interactions more personal and engaging.
Hyperbolic statements are not only attention-grabbing but also help make messages
more memorable. In advertising, marketers frequently use hyperbole to persuade
consumers to remember and favor their products. Phrases such as “the ultimate driving
machine” or “the best a man can get” do not provide objective descriptions but are
designed to enhance the appeal and retention o
f the brand in the consumer’s mind. Such
phrases stay with audiences longer, enhancing brand recall and potentially influencing
purchasing decisions.
In interpersonal communication, hyperbole allows speakers to express emotions
and establish a shared under
standing. When friends use phrases like “I could die of
boredom” or “This is the most exciting thing ever,” they are not aiming for literal truth but
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
145
rather conveying the intensity of their feelings. These hyperbolic expressions enable
individuals to communicate more dynamically, often evoking a reciprocal emotional
response in listeners, which strengthens social bonds and makes interactions more
relatable.
While hyperbole is widely used in English-speaking cultures, its use and perception
vary in other cultural contexts. For instance, in Uzbek culture, hyperbolic expressions are
more common in traditional poetry and proverbs than in everyday speech. This difference
may stem from cultural values that prioritize humility and restraint, making exaggerated
statements less frequent in casual conversation. Understanding these cultural differences
is essential for cross-cultural communication, as hyperbole can sometimes be perceived as
insincere or overly dramatic when used inappropriately across cultural lines.
In everyday English conversation, hyperbole appears frequently as a way to
emphasize experiences and emotions. Common phrases like “I’m starving” or “I could sleep
for a year” illustrate how hyperbole enhances communication by conveying the speaker's
feelings in a way that resonates with listeners. By exaggerating the experience, the speaker
invites the listener to empathize or respond emotionally, making the conversation more
engaging.
Proverbs in both English and Uzbek cultures reveal cultural attitudes toward
exaggeration. In English, proverbs like “A stitch in time saves nine” and “A picture is worth
a thousand words” use hyperbole to emphasize the value of efficiency and visual
communication, respectively. Uzbek proverbs, such as "Besh kunlik dunyo" (A five-day
world, meaning life is short) often carry a hyperbolic tone to reflect philosophical ideas
about the transient nature of life. These proverbs use exaggeration as a means to convey
values or wisdom that resonates deeply within the cultural context. In the digital age,
hyperbole has become an integral part of online communication, where phrases like “This
is the best movie of all time” or “Literally everyone is talking about it” are common. Social
media platforms encourage exaggerated language as users try to capture attention in a
crowded online space. For example, a post that says “This restaurant changed my life” may
not be literally true but is used to engage followers by piquing their curiosity. This trend
reflects how hyperbole adapts to modern forms of communication, serving as a tool for
engagement and influence in digital interactions.
While hyperbole is a natural part of English-speaking culture, its interpretation can
vary when used in intercultural contexts. For example, English speakers may
say, “I’ve
done this a million times,” while in Uzbek, speakers might choose a more reserved
expression that still conveys emphasis without seeming overly exaggerated. These
variations can lead to misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication if listeners
interpret hyperbole through the lens of their cultural norms.
When it comes to learning English, mastering the art of communication is crucial.
This is the essence of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), a teaching method that
focuses on enhancing students' language proficiency through interactive activities and
communication. In this article, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of
Communicative Language Teaching, its principles, and its approach, as well as the benefits
and activities associated with this method. Not only will you delve into the definition of
Communicative Language Teaching, but you'll also examine detailed explanations of its
meaning. Moreover, you'll explore the advantages for students, the impact of CLT on their
language proficiency, and how this teaching method can foster a more engaging learning
Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika
–
Зарубежная лингвистика
и лингводидактика
–
Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics
Issue
–
2
№
5 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701
146
environment. The main goal of CLT is to enable students to communicate in real-life
situations, rather than just acquiring grammatical knowledge; to focus them on
interaction, problem-solving, and context in language learning.
Hyperboles aren't just about stretching the truth or exaggerating for effect; they're
a gateway to unleashing boundless imagination and linguistic ability in our students. Using
hyperbole holds immense potential for developing language skills and fostering creativity
in young minds. By mastering hyperboles, students can elevate their reading
comprehension, writing proficiency, and communication abilities.
CONCLUSION
Hyperbole serves as a versatile communicative tool, enhancing expression, adding
emotional weight, and creating memorable language. Its use in literature, media, and
everyday interactions underscores its ability to amplify meaning and shape discourse.
While hyperbole is a universal phenomenon, cultural norms heavily influence its form and
acceptance. English and many Western cultures widely accept hyperbole in both formal
and informal contexts, whereas other cultures may apply it with more restraint.
REFERENCES:
1.
Abdurahmonov, Sh. A. Giperbolaning semantik va pragmatik xususiyatlari //
O‘zbek tilidagi giperbola tahlillari. –
Toshkent, 2002.
–
156 b.
2.
Aristotle.
Rhetoric
. Translated by W. Rhys Roberts, Random House, 1954.
3.
Boboxonova, L. T. Giperbola
vositasida kommunikatsiya va uning madaniy o‘ziga
xosliklari // O‘zbek tilida va adabiyotida giperbola qo‘llanilishi. –
Toshkent, 2005.
–
213 b.
4.
Colston, H. L., & Keller, S. B. “You Said It Again and Again: Hyperbole in
Conversation.”
Discourse Processes
, vol. 32, no. 2-3, 2001, pp. 183-209.
5.
Gibbs, R. W.
The Poetics of Mind: Figurative Thought, Language, and
Understanding
. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
6.
Hojiev, A. Giperbolaning lingvistik tahlili: rus va ingliz tillari bilan taqqoslash.
–
Toshkent: Fan nashriyoti, 2003.
–
198b.
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McCarthy, M., & Carter, R. “Language as Discourse: Perspectives for Language
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Routledge
, 1994.
