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DESCRIPTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRIAL TRANSPORT
Baxtiyorova Mubina,
Xoshimov O‘tkirjon,
Muhammadjonov Azizbek,
Baxromjonova Dilnoza
Students of Andijan State Technical Institute
Azimov Sarvarbek
Assistant teacher of Andijan State Technical Institute
ABSTRACT:
The article provides information on the description of industrial transport, the
specific technical and economic characteristics of industrial transport, new types of transport,
and the rapid growth of freight and passenger transportation.
Keywords:
Industrial transport, raw materials, types of cargo, steam locomotive, experimental
cars.
Introduction:
External industrial transport is engaged in the transportation of raw materials,
semi-finished products, fuel and other various goods brought to the enterprise from non-public
highway transport to the enterprise and finished products and unloaded wagons to highway
transport routes. Intra-enterprise industrial transport is engaged in the transportation of raw
materials, semi-finished products, various parts, fuel and other goods from warehouses to
workshops, between workshops and within workshops, and finished goods from workshops to
warehouses. Industrial transport can be different in terms of technical equipment: railway,
automobile, water, pipeline and special transport (monorail, suspension wing, etc.) are a complex
or separate of them.
Industrial transport
- The concept of industrial transport refers to non-public vehicles serving
industrial, construction, agricultural and other enterprises. Industrial transport is divided into
external and internal transport according to its location and functions.
External industrial transport mainly consists of railway and road transport. Enterprises located on
waterways use water transport vehicles, may have their own water vessels, stations. For the
transportation of large loads and certain types of cargo, railway branches and vehicles within
enterprises and workshops are used.
More than 95 percent of external industrial transport and inter-workshop cargo transportation is
carried out using railway and road transport. The total length of railways within industrial and
construction enterprises in the country was 2.1 thousand kilometers, which by 2000 had
decreased by 1100 km compared to 1995, that is, they were temporarily put into conservation,
which negatively affects the economy of the owners of railways. Most of the vehicles belonging
to the railways of industrial enterprises are electric locomotives and diesel locomotives. In the
open-pit mining areas of most mines, heavy-duty dump trucks operating in addition to electric
locomotives are used as industrial transport. In addition, industrial enterprises on the banks of the
Amu Darya waterways have about 100 watercraft and other transport equipment. During the year,
2.5 billion tons of cargo were transported by all types of industrial transport. In 2000, 141.4
million tons of cargo were transported by railways in the country over an average distance of 9.5
kilometers. The total volume of cargo transported by industrial railways is 2.93 times greater
than the volume of cargo transported by main railways.
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Transports belonging to industrial enterprises differ from main transports in a number of specific
features. Transports use various types of transport, both short-distance and long-distance, both in
external and internal transportation. 80% of the total volume of loading and unloading operations
on railways is carried out on industrial railways. Due to the large number of employees in
industrial transport, the share of expenses spent on them in the cost of manufactured products is
also large.
Industrial railway transport carries out about half of the total external transport. The remaining
external freight transport is carried out by automobiles, conveyors and other types of transport at
industrial enterprises.
The following are some of the specific aspects of industrial railway transport:
-low total weight of trains and speed (15-40 km/h);
-low density of freight transportation;
-small radii of turns on the tracks, large relative elevations;
-small distances between stations;
-intersection of railways (tracks) with roads;
-no passenger transportation, etc.
The rapid increase in freight and passenger flows, the difficulty of building transport highways in
sparsely populated areas with complex topography and in large cities, the issues of increasing the
speed of movement and the number of vehicles in operation, creating comfort and reducing the
cost of transportation require the search for new and highly developed types of transport.
New types of transport include the following:
-ships and some devices operating on the principle of air cushions and magnetic poles;
-monorails (single-track) roads;
-new types of pipeline transport
-various combinations of vehicles and systems on an unconventional principle.
Air-cushioned vessels have become widespread since the 1960s, and are currently operating
mainly on rivers and short-distance routes near the coast. The idea of using an airship
"dukhoplav" was first expressed in Russia in 1853, and 50 years ago K.E. Tsiolkovsky also
wrote about the possibility of creating such devices in his scientific works. A very large
passenger ship operating on the principle of an air cushion is operating through the La Manche
Strait, its length is 39.2 meters, width is 22.8 meters, its displacement is 180 tons and its carrying
capacity is 80 tons, and during the movement the nose of the ship can rise to a height of up to 1.8
meters above the water level. The ship is equipped with four turboprop engines, with a total
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power of 13,600 horsepower, and a cruising speed of 80 knots (or 140-150 km/h). It is easy to
navigate even in shallow water and has a high cruising speed, so it is not necessary to build a
special berth for such ships.
Disadvantages: it is difficult for them to maintain their balance in waters with large waves
(above 2-4 points) and at low speed. During the period of floating above the water surface, water
droplets accelerate the wear of some parts and assemblies of the ship, another disadvantage is
that they work with strong noise. Experimental copies or projects of devices operating on the
principle of an airbag on land have also been prepared, such devices include an experimental
copy of a car operating on the principle of an airbag. The bottom of such a car is made flat, air is
supplied to the bottom by compressors, and there is a skirt of elastic material around the
perimeter, which helps to raise the bottom of the car above the ground. Such experimental cars
were used in Russia, France, England, and other countries, but their disadvantages were that they
were difficult to control, produced loud noise and dust, and produced high power with low
efficiency.
Conclusion
The transport system is of particular importance in the effective development of the country's
economy and is one of the main directions for increasing the pace of socio-economic
development. From this point of view, the rapid growth of the country's economy directly
depends on the efficiency of the transport infrastructure. Therefore, the formation of transport
infrastructure and the construction of new transport corridors are one of the main tasks facing the
country. As a component of the country's infrastructure, transport networks and enterprises
provide passenger and freight services (for all types of transport used), as a complex system,
together with transport corridors that form the network and generalize the system of enterprises,
ensure the effective operation and development of transport infrastructure facilities. Today, the
service sector is one of the important sectors of the economy. The transport system is also one of
the service sectors. Railway transport is one of the sectors that has a significant impact on the
production potential of our country. By increasing the economic efficiency of the railway
transport system, results such as the safe and fast delivery of large volumes of cargo over long
distances at low prices are achieved. One of the pressing problems in the railway network in
Uzbekistan is the use of a single track for freight and passenger transportation. This, in turn,
affects the rapid delivery of goods, rapid wear of roads, and a decrease in the capacity of transit
cargo. To eliminate this problem, it is necessary to attract the private sector or privatize the
construction of roads, based on foreign experience.
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