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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL WORK IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE YEARS OF THE
GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Matmuradova Malika Isayevna
Lecturer, Department of “Library and Information Activities”
of the Uzbek State Institute of Arts and Culture
Abstract:
In this macola, during the Great Watan war, mashur bibliographers narrated the
bibliography in Uzbekistan, in the kyshganliklariam, a can of bibliographic works in the
scientific-axborot character on various issues of science and culture were created, as well as
information on the structure and importance of bibliographic culling.
Keywords:
science, bibliography, press, russian, uzbek languages, list, source, bibliographic
indicator.
Annotatsiya:
Mazkur maqolada Ulug‘ Vatan urushi davrida mashhur bibliograflar
О‘zbekistonda bibliografiyani rivojlantirishga hissa
qо‘shganliklari
hamda
fan va
madaniyatning turli masalalariga doir ilmiy-axborot xarakterdagi bir qancha bibliografik asarlar
yaratilganligi, shuningdek bibliografik qо‘llanmalarning tuzilishi va ahamiyati haqidagi
ma’lumotlar berilgan.
Kalit sо‘zlar:
fan, bibliografiya, matbuot, rus, о‘zbek tillar, rо‘yxati, manba, bibliografik
kо‘rsatkich.
During the Great Patriotic War, many industrial enterprises and institutions, as well as
thousands of people from the European part of the USSR, were evacuated to Tashkent. The
enemy demanded the evacuation of the main large industrial facilities to the Eastern regions. A
large-scale relocation of productive forces from the front areas began. More than 100
enterprises were evacuated to Uzbekistan. Their commissioning required great efforts from the
Uzbeks. 55 enterprises were located in Tashkent and the Tashkent region, 14 plants in the
Samarkand region, 22 enterprises in the Fergana Valley, and 2 enterprises in the Bukhara region.
The commissioning of the evacuated enterprises was carried out in a very short time. 47 new
ones were created on the basis of the evacuated equipment, and the capacity of a number of
local industrial enterprises was also increased. Educational and research institutions were also
relocated to the republic during the war years. By November 1941, 22 scientific research
institutes, 16 higher educational institutions, and 2 libraries evacuated from Belarus, Ukraine,
and Russia were located in Uzbekistan.
In particular, on May 9, 2020, at a solemn ceremony dedicated to the 75th anniversary
of the Great Victory and the Day of Memory and Honor, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
announced that about 1 million 951 thousand Uzbeks participated in World War II, more than
538 thousand of them died, and more than 158 thousand went missing. This data indicates that
one in three Uzbeks took up arms, fought against fascism, and contributed to establishing peace
for their country and humanity as a whole [1]. As the President noted, behind those who did not
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return from the war, there is also the grief of their grieving mothers, wives who lost their
spouses, and orphaned children.
During the years of the fierce war, the entire people of Uzbekistan lived their lives with
the conviction that “Everything is for the front”, “Everything is for Victory”. Our country has
become a solid supply base behind the front. The people of Uzbekistan delivered a large
amount of weapons, food, clothing, medicines and other necessary products to the battlefields.
With the selfless labor of our multinational population, military products were produced at
about 300 enterprises in our republic. During this period, 151 factories were relocated to our
country from the front areas and put into operation in a very short time. Thousands of war
participants were treated and recovered in military hospitals established in our country.
According to newly identified data, 1 million 500 thousand people, including more than
250 thousand children, were evacuated to Uzbekistan from countries that had become hotbeds
of war. Our people showed genuine love and attention to all these people, sharing even the last
piece of bread with them, demonstrating high humanitarian qualities [2].
During the Great Patriotic War, the entire multi-million Soviet people fought for the
defense of the Motherland. The workers of Uzbekistan, along with other peoples of our country,
defended the freedom, honor and independence of our Motherland. The heroism of the Uzbek
people was widely reflected in the press, in particular, in the newspaper Pravda Vostoka, which
regularly covered the military feats of Uzbek soldiers and the patriotism of the people in the
rear. The libraries of the republic compiled bibliographic indexes, lists and card files reflecting
the literature about the heroism of the Soviet people.
Despite the difficulties of the war years, bibliographic activity in Uzbekistan
consistently developed, library workers performed responsible state tasks related to the needs of
industrial and agricultural workers on the front and rear.
During the Great Patriotic War, the heroism shown by Uzbeks on the battlefields and on
the labor front was widely covered in the republican press and in books published by publishing
houses. The republican libraries compiled bibliographic indexes, lists and card files of literature
reflecting the heroism of our people.
Despite the reduction in the staff and funds of libraries during the war years,
bibliographic activity in the libraries of our republic did not stop, but rather developed.
As in the pre-war years, the Alisher Navoi Republican Library remained the main center
of bibliographic work during the war years.
During the Great Patriotic War, the library's activities, in particular in the field of
scientific and information bibliography, were aimed at maximally satisfying the requirements of
various enterprises, educational institutions, research institutes and cultural and educational
institutions evacuated to Uzbekistan from various cities of the country. During this period, a
number of bibliographic works of a scientific and informational nature were created on various
issues of socialist construction, science and culture.
From the first days of the war, in addition to the card index "The Great Patriotic War of
the Soviet People" in the libraries of the republic, bibliographer N.N. Benediktova created a
card index "Uzbekistan during the Great Patriotic War" based on materials from the newspaper
"Pravda Vostoka". This card index later became the basis for the bibliographic index
"Uzbekistan during the Great Patriotic War" compiled by the same author.
In addition to newspaper materials, this index also included some books published in the
republic during the war years and selected articles from the newspaper "Pravda".
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The index covered all information about the decisions of the party and government, the
courage of Uzbeks at the front, works of fiction reflecting the labor and military successes of
their people. It included sections “Fighting Uzbeks”, “Heroes of the Soviet Union from the
Uzbeks”, annotations were given to all entries, and convenient epigraphs were selected for
sections and rubrics.
Librarian I.Z. Sultanova compiled the index “Uzbek SSR during the Great Patriotic
War” in Uzbek based on Uzbek-language sources. The index includes articles in Uzbek and
translated articles published in the republican newspaper “Kizil Uzbekiston” about the
participation of our republic in the war, as well as books and brochures.
During the war years, a major role in the development of the bibliography of Uzbekistan
was played by the great bibliographers of our country, Professor L.T. Trofimov (Main Library
of the USSR Academy of Sciences), K.R. Simon (Moscow Institute of Librarianship), M.
Sokurova (Leningrad Public Library named after M.Ye. Saltykov-Shchedrin), and others, who
were evacuated to Tashkent.
At the initiative of these scientists and with the participation of Uzbek bibliographers
Ye.K. Betger and A.I. Ageyev, at a council held in November 1942, it was decided to create a
general retrospective scientific and information bibliography of Central Asia.
During the Great Patriotic War, famous bibliographers not only contributed to the
development of bibliography in Uzbekistan, but also directly worked on the compilation of
bibliographic indexes. For example, under the direct leadership of M. Sokurova, the “Index of
Literature on Cotton Growing in the USSR (1938–1945)” and the “Index of Publications of
SoyuzNIXI for 1929–1944” were compiled, which included a complete list of the institute’s
publications in Russian, Uzbek and other languages.
The 4-volume index “Materials on the History of the Fine Arts and Folk Art of Soviet
Uzbekistan”, compiled by the bibliographer Y.V. Genss, who came from the Baltics, is of great
scientific importance. The work reflects all types of press materials published from 1918 to
1943.
The first volume is a chronicle of the art and folk art of Uzbekistan, which consists of a
chronological list of articles and reports on the issues of fine arts and folk art of Uzbekistan in
1918-1943. Since the materials in this volume are arranged in chronological order, it greatly
facilitates the study of the history of the art of Uzbekistan and Central Asia. The auxiliary
(name, geographical names and subject) indexes in it also allow you to use the literature in this
volume.
The second volume consists of two chapters (History of the culture of Uzbekistan and
Bibliography of the modern fine arts of Uzbekistan), both chapters have an independently
formalized index.
The first chapter provides a chronological list of articles, and the materials are arranged
in alphabetical order. As in other volumes, in addition to press sources, it also includes works of
particular value stored in archives, scientific research institutions and Tashkent museums.
The third volume also consists of two parts (materials for the Dictionary of Folk Art and
Folk Masters of Soviet Uzbekistan), the first part includes books, magazine and newspaper
articles and manuscripts, and the second part consists of materials for the Dictionary of Folk
Masters, which lists literature about representatives of folk masters of Uzbekistan before the
revolution and today. The index includes manuscripts (scientific research works) that were not
published in the press due to the war.
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Finally, the fourth volume - materials for the Dictionary of Soviet Artists, Sculptors,
Architects, Art Critics of the Uzbek SSR - includes brief bibliographic information,
bibliography, list of literature (according to the exhibition catalog), list of reproductions and
drawings (according to the museum collection). Full information is given about the artists living
in Tashkent, since Y. B. Genss made full use of the funds available in the capital of the republic.
During the Great Patriotic War, Uzbek readers, along with other peoples, showed great
interest in military knowledge. On the other hand, during the war years, a large amount of
literature on military sources appeared in all languages of the peoples of the USSR,
including Uzbek.
In 1942-1945, the Tashkent branch of the library of the Department of Social Sciences
of the USSR Academy of Sciences published a bibliography of materials published in
Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan during the Great Patriotic War in the
form of a bulletin.
The bulletin contains special thematic sections such as “The peoples of Central Asia in
the ranks of the Red Army”, “The work of industry and transport for the war”.
Of the indicators of the war period, A.I. It is necessary to highlight the manual, edited
by Ageyev and dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Uzbek State Academic Drama Theater
named after Hamza, one of the largest national theaters of the USSR.
The mentioned work includes articles and reports published in local Uzbek magazines
and newspapers over the 25 years since the theater was founded. All descriptions are provided
with detailed annotations in Russian, which makes the manual accessible to a wide readership.
During the war years, about 30 recommendation lists were compiled in Russian and
Uzbek. The recommendation lists were dedicated to solemn dates, international events and the
socio-political life of the republic, with special attention paid to the issues of promoting and
popularizing military-patriotic literature. During the war years, the reference and bibliographic
work of libraries in Uzbekistan acquired a number of new features and characteristics.
Work continued on the creation of general index cards covering materials about
Uzbekistan and the Central Asian republics in general, and an index card of magazine and
newspaper articles in the languages of the peoples of Central Asia. Both index cards are
used by readers with great demand.
During the evacuation, the employees of the library of the Department of Social
Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences, who worked in Tashkent, got acquainted with
these card files, highly appreciated them, decided to copy them from the card files and made
copies of 30,000 of the existing 70,000 volumes.
During the Great Patriotic War, the library of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek
SSR, the library of Tashkent State University, the scientific and medical library of the Uzbek
SSR and the library of SoyuzNIXI continued their reference and bibliographic work.
During the Great Patriotic War, for the first time in the entire history of the republican
library, a scientific session was held on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Great
October Socialist Revolution. At it, lectures on library science and bibliography were given by
prominent librarians and bibliographers K.R. Simon, Professor L.V. Trofimov and E.K. Betger.
In addition, two more scientific sessions were held in 1944-1945, which were also devoted to
bibliographic issues.
Academicians and corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences, who
lived in Tashkent at that time and were in close contact with the library: V.V. Struve, V.M.
Zhirmunsky, E.A. Kosminsky, A.Y. Yakubovsky, B.D. Grekov, S.V. Bakhrushin and others, in
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their letters to the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR in February 1943, stated that, despite
the difficulties, great attention was being paid to bibliographic work in Uzbekistan.
Thus, the comprehensive development of the reference and bibliographic work of Uzbek
libraries during the war years contributed to their further formation not only as large universal
libraries, but also as leading bibliographic institutions of the republics, and the work carried out
is worthy of all praise.
References:
1. The unparalleled courage of our ancestors serves to educate the younger generation in the
spirit of patriotism: Speech of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat
Mirziyoyev at the solemn ceremony dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Great Victory
and the Day of Memory and Honor // People's Word. – 2020. – May 10.
2. Mirziyoyev, M.Sh. From national revival–towards national elevation / M. Sh. Mirziyoyev.–
Tashkent: Uzbekistan,2020.– 456 p.
3. Turopov, M.M. Development of bibliographic work in Uzbekistan (1852–1970):
monograph / M.M. Turopov.–Tashkent: Science,1983.–129 p.
4. Shamsutdinov, R. On the contribution of the people of Uzbekistan to the Great Victory:
(1941-1945) / R. Shamsutdinov; Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education
of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Andijan State University named after Babur, Museum of
Memory of Victims of Repression. – Tashkent: Akademnashr, 2020. – 448 p.
