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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
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page 857
EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON CORN YIELD
Urunbaeva Gulchekhra Shokirovna
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies
Abdugafforova Maftuna
student of the Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies
Vakhobova Malohat Khasanboy kizi
student of the Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies
Аннотация:
Пщеницы оставляет много органическая масса, он вляеть на рость и
развитие кукурузы. В конечном итоге повыщаеть урожайность зерна и силосные массы.
Annotasion:
When corn is sown as repeated plant, it couses to heve abundant harvest by the
help of wheat remains it provides with high productivity of unitizing watered crops.
Ключовые слова:
кукуруза, павторные культуры, органическая масса, урожайность,
рость, развитие, минеральные удобрения
Key words;
corn, repeated plants, productivity, growing developing, мineral Fertilizers
In our republic, irrigated lands constitute the majority of cultivated land. Effective use of
these lands is required to meet the needs of the population, industry, and livestock for products.
Therefore, in our republic, great importance is attached to planting repeated crops in areas freed
from wheat. In particular, our scientists are conducting a lot of scientific work to study the
agrotechnology of repeated crops.
In the experiments conducted by Kh.U. Azimov [1.2], issues such as sowing dates,
fertilization, and irrigation of repeatedly sown corn were studied. The main factor in growing
repeated crops is a sufficiently high temperature. However, the heat requirements of corn
varieties and hybrids are different: for the cultivation of early-ripening varieties and hybrids, a
temperature of 1758-1830 0С, for mid-ripening varieties and hybrids - 2163-2208 0С, and for
late-ripening varieties - 2657-2954 0С is required. When selecting a crop variety or hybrid for
repeated sowing, the sum of the total temperatures and the duration of the first frost exposure
should be taken into account first.
We also conducted scientific research to study the optimal rates of mineral fertilizers for
repeatedly sown corn.
For this, we first studied the stubble residues left by predecessor crops and the amount
of nutrients in the soil. Although very little plant residues remain in the soil after repeated crops,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
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page 858
they mainly provide the next plant with the necessary nutrients, and importantly,
microbiological decomposition occurs quickly in them, and in most cases, humus formation
surpasses organic fertilizers (Vorobev [5]).
Despite the fact that corn (Zea Mays), sown as a repeated crop, absorbs a large amount
of nutrients from the soil during the growing season, the grain and green stalks of this plant are
considered the most nutritious. Therefore, this crop is currently being planted on 250-300
thousand hectares in our Republic.
Based on the above data, in the experiments, taking into account the high fertilizer
requirements of maize for grain, the fertilizer rates were set at N-200, P2O5-170, K2O-100
kg/ha.
A.P.Iminov [3] in the conditions of typical sierozem soils, when sowing corn as a
repeated crop for grain, applying N-120, P2O5-90, K2O-60 kg/ha, obtained an average yield of
40.9 c/ha of grain and 313.2 c/ha of green mass over three years.
First of all, we want to emphasize one circumstance: in our research, since repeated
crops were sown after winter wheat, we determined the degree of their germination during the
research years.
It was established that the remnants of stubble and roots left by winter wheat did not
negatively affect the germination of repeated crop seeds. Corn was sown on June 18 and 20 in
accordance with the research years. In 2018, after 4 days of sowing, seed germination was
40.2%, and after 6 and 8 days, this indicator was 68.4 and 96.7% (Table 1).
Table 1.
Corn germination rate and actual plant density
Years
Number of germinated plants,%
Actual
plant
density,
thousand/ha
2.VII
4.VII
6.VII
At
the
beginning of
the period
End
of
validity
period
2018
40,2
68,4
96,7
61,2
59,1
22.VI
24.VI
26.VI
2019
39,6
65,2
95,8
63,1
60,2
24. VI
26. VI
28. VI
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2020
36,3
61,7
92,3
62,1
59,8
Similar data were obtained in the 2nd and 3rd years of the experiments, where the
indicators were 39.6-36.3%; 65.2-61.7 and 95.8-92.3%.
When sowing corn for grain production, the plant density at the beginning of the
growing season was 61.2; 63.1 and 62.1 thousand ha-1, and at the end of the growing season
these indicators were 59.1; 60.2 and 59.8 thousand/ha. It should be noted that the plant density
varied by 1-2 thousand/ha between variants and by repetitions.
According to the data on the growth and development of corn under the conditions of
2018, the plant height during the development period was 10.7; 80.4; 140.5 cm, at the end of
the growing season 165.3 cm, the number of leaves was 3.0; 8.2; 12.1 and 15.8 pcs., and the
number of cobs in the milk-wax and full ripeness periods was equal to 1.0 pcs. Under the
conditions of this year, the number of grains per cob was 458.2 units, grain weight was 82.4 g,
and the weight of 1000 grains was 170.3 g.
Similar data were recorded in subsequent years of research (2018-2020). However,
between the years of research, 2018, due to favorable weather conditions, the growth and
development of all crops, including corn, were relatively good.
Among the important indicators for us, the number of grains per cob averaged 467
pieces over 3 years, the weight of grains per cob was 84.4 g, and the weight of 1000 grains was
170.4 g.
When studying the grain and stem yield of corn grown as a repeated crop during the
research years, under the conditions of 2018, the grain yield in 4 replications was 36.7; 34.5;
33.7 and 36.5 c/ha, the yield averaged 35.3 c/ha, and the stem yield averaged 285.4 c/ha.
Under the conditions of 2019, these indicators were 40.7; 41.7; 43.5 and 40.5 c/ha,
respectively - 41.6 and 328.4 c/ha, and in 2020 39.0% 36.0; 37.2; 39.2 c/ha averaged 37.8 and
308.2 c/ha.
On average, over three years, the frequency was 38.8; 37.4; 38.1 and 38.4 c/ha, on
average over 3 years - 38.2 c/ha of grain and 307.3 c/ha of stems.
Therefore, the most important measure for providing the population with food and
livestock with fodder is growing more yields from irrigated lands by planting repeated crops,
and secondly, due to the fact that alfalfa-cotton crop rotation has practically disappeared from
the farming system, conditions require the creation of a short-ratio crop rotation system by
planting repeated crops (mung bean, beans, soybeans, and other crops that accumulate humus
and nitrogen in the soil). Our farmers have been growing these crops for a long time, but they
are high and a scientific agricultural technology for obtaining a high-quality harvest was not
developed. We conducted scientific work in accordance with this.
List of used literature:
1. Azimov Kh.U.For a high corn yield. Tashkent, State Publishing House of
Uzbekistan, 1962, 22 pp.
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2. Azimov Kh.U Corn agrotechnology in irrigated lands. Tashkent, 1976, pp.
3. 118-125.
4. Iminov A.A. Influence of sowing rates and repeated crops on the growth, development, and
grain yield of winter wheat. Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Candidate of
Agricultural Sciences. Tashkent, 2006. Page 19.
5. Boriev Ya. Growing mung beans in the crop rotation system. "Water and resource-saving
agricultural technologies in agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan," Tashkent, 2006,
pages 255-257.
6. . Voroby. S.A.Rotations of intensive agriculture. M., Selkhozgiz, 1979, p. 368.
