CONCEPT OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE REAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

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CONCEPT OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE REAL

SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

Salamov Farrukh Fattoevich

Acting Professor of the Department of Economic Theory Samarkand Institute of Economics and

Service. Tel : + 99891-524 90 30

E - mail :

farrux_sies@mail.ru

Abstract:

The article examines the methodological significance of the categories "concept" of

the organization of the investment process in the real sector of the economy. The author

systematizes the content and evolution of the views of representatives of various economic

schools on the process of investing in the real sector of the economy in conceptual and

fundamental aspects. Due to the controversial nature of the problem under consideration, the

author's interpretation of the categories "concept" and "principle" is substantiated in relation to

the investment process.

Key words:

conceptualism, concept, principle, crisis, recession, structural crisis, modernization,

innovation, investmentlending.

The definition of conceptual provisions describing the movement of investments in the

real sector of the economy requires preliminary research into the essence of the concept of

"concept". The term "concept" comes from the Latin word " conceptio ", which means "to

grasp", and originated within the framework of the development of the medieval philosophical

movement of conceptualism, whose representatives were such famous thinkers as Pierre

Abelard, John Duns Scotus and others. The founder of conceptualism, among the mentioned

philosophers, is considered to be P. Abelard, who was the first to form the main ideas of

conceptualism and define its principles as a specific synthesis of rationalism and empiricism.

The views of P. Abelard were inherent in the works of his followers, who were representatives

of various movements and different eras. Thus, some provisions of medieval conceptualism

were characteristic of the philosophical ideas of J. Locke and G. Hegel. Certain features of the

philosophical movement founded by P. Abelard were also characteristic of such famous

thinkers as Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, William of Ockham and others

1

.

1

Stepanishchev A. F. Rationality of Philosophy and Science: from Classics to Post-Non-Classics : monograph / A.

F. Stepanishchev. - Bryansk: BSTU, 2006. - P. 236

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The essence of P. Abelard's conceptualism was that general concepts are neither reality

nor a designation of the content of words; they are inherent in the human mind before the

beginning of knowledge and acquire a certain meaning through human experience

2

.

The famous Scottish philosopher, author of the work "An Inquiry into the Human Mind

on the Principles of Common Sense", Hamilton became the successor of the conceptualism

traditions. Being a representative of the school of British empiricism, the said philosopher did

not change the traditions of Scotland and therefore managed to develop conceptualism into a

qualitatively new form. Thus, V. Hamilton , using the term "concept", interpreted the essence of

concepts as forms that restore the integrity of perceptual experience, but differ from perception

in the concentration of attention

3

.

In the 20th century , the main feature of the concept was considered to be the

symbolization of personal perceptual experience through imagination. Such thoughts first

manifested themselves in the works of the American philosopher S. Langer , who became

famous for her works in the field of aesthetics and consciousness and made a significant

contribution to understanding the essence of the "symbol" in science. Other scientists who made

a significant contribution to the study of this problem in the 20th century were E. Cassirer and

A. Whitehead, whose student S. Langer was .

It is also worth noting the interpretation of the role of the concept in science by such

philosophers as J. Deleuze and F. Guattari , known for their works “What is Philosophy” and

“Anti - Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia”, in which the authors apply the concept of

concepts, the key feature of which was that they formed the core of any concept, and interpret it

as something inherent in thought, its very possibility, as a living category or an element of

transcendental experience

4

.

Since conceptualism attempted to solve the extremely general and important for

philosophy problem of the hierarchy of importance of reason and feelings in knowledge of the

world by man, it is necessary to note that many thinkers have made their contribution to the

development of conceptualism. However, the works of D. Searle , J. Habermas , B. Waldenfels ,

N. M. Bakhtin, K. A. Apel , V. S. Bibler , H. Blumenberg and the like are especially significant

and relevant to the scientific problem under study.

Based on the opinions of famous scientists, it can be said that a concept should be

considered an extremely generalized view of the essence of a certain phenomenon, on the basis

of which it is possible to construct a general theoretical basis for the interpretation and solution

of certain problems under study.

Taking into account the above point of view, it should be noted that an important

component of any concepts can be principles, since they are built by inductive transition from

the detailed to the general. The origin of the concept of the term "principle" is associated with

2

Abelard, P. Theological treatises: [translated from Latin] / P. Abelard; introduction, compiled by S. S. Neretina . -

M.: Progress, Gnosis , 1995. - P. 413.

3

Passmore J. One Hundred Years of Philosophy: Trans. from English - M.: " ProgressTradition ", 1998. - P. 496

4

Deleuze J., Guattari F. What is philosophy? / Translated from French. And afterword by S. N. Zenkin. - M.:

Institute of Experimental Sociology, St. Petersburg: Aletheia , 1998. - P. 288.

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the Latin word " principium ", which is translated as the beginning, the basis. Therefore, it can

be noted that the presence of principles should be considered one of the basic requirements for

the formation of any theory, including economic. The importance of principles in science was

skillfully emphasized by Academician A. I. Berg, who spoke on this matter as follows: "without

principles, a person is like a ship without a rudder and compass." In view of the above, the

assumption of N. G. Chernyshevsky that the absence of clear principles inevitably leads to

confusion can be considered quite fair. The importance of principles for science was also

proven by T. Paine , one of the authors of the US Constitution, who claimed that an army of

principles is tested where an army of soldiers will not pass. Following the basic concepts of

principles, S. G. Drobiazko made a completely fair conclusion that principles are characteristic

of absolutely all phenomena and processes

5

.

The doctrine of the principles of functioning of the economy developed in parallel with

the development of scientific ideas and views of famous economists, starting with the

fundamental works of G. Cantillon , F. Quesnay , A. Smith, D. Ricardo and ending with

modern scientists K. G. McConnell , S. G. Brew , N. G. Mankiw and others.

However, the interpretation the essence of the concept of "economic principle" remained

outside the field of view of the aforementioned scientists. Modern scientists have drawn

attention to this. Thus, K. G. McConnell and S. G. Brew argue that the economic principle is a

generalization that is characterized by some quantitative inaccuracies. The aforementioned

scientists rely in their conclusions on the assumption that the definition of a principle is possible

only by induction, inference, on the basis of which there will always be exceptions. Hence the

abstract nature of any economic principles

6

.

Other scientists who made a significant contribution to defining the principles of

economics include N. G. Mankiw , who described ten principles on which knowledge of

economics is based. Thus, the said scientist gives 10 principles of economics

7

:

1. Customer orientation;

2. The cost of a product is the cost of what you have to give up to get that product;

3. A rational person thinks in terms of marginal changes;

4. A person responds to stimuli;

5. Trade is mutually beneficial;

6. The market is a wonderful way to organize economic activity;

7. Sometimes government intervention in the economy is necessary;

8. The standard of living of the population is determined by the ability of the state to

produce goods and services;

9. The rate of growth of prices for products depends on the rate of growth of the money

supply in the economy;

10. In the short term, society must choose between unemployment and inflation.

5

Deleuze , J., Guattari , F. Ant- i- Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia - Ekaterinburg: U-Factoria , 2007. - P.

672.

6

McConnell K. R. Economics : principles, problems and policy / K. R. McConnell , S. L. Brew ; Transl. from the

13th English edition. - M .: INFRA-M, 1999, XXXIV. - P. 4-5.

7

Mankiw H. G. Principles of Economics . - St. Petersburg: Peter Kom, 1999. - P. 784. -

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Thus, the principles cited by the said scientist reflect the general features of the

functioning of the market economy. These principles can be considered as a "starting point" for

substantiating various kinds of phenomena that take place in the economy, including

investments in its real sector.

Bibliographic list:

1. Stepanishchev A.F. Rationality of philosophy and science: from classics to post-non-classics :

monograph / A.F. Stepanishchev. - Bryansk: BSTU, 2006. - P. 236
2. Abelard, P. Theological treatises: [translated from Latin] / P. Abelard; introduction, compiled

by S. S. Neretina . - M.: Progress, Gnosis , 1995. - P. 413.
3. Passmore J. One Hundred Years of Philosophy: Trans. from English - M.: "

ProgressTradition ", 1998. - P. 496
4. Deleuze J., Guattari F. What is philosophy? / Translated from French. And afterword by S. N.

Zenkin. - M.: Institute of Experimental Sociology, St. Petersburg: Aletheia , 1998. - P. 288.
5. Deleuze , J., Guattari , F. Ant -i- Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia - Ekaterinburg: U-

Factoria , 2007. - P. 672.
6. Drobiazko S. G. Principles in law / S.G. Drobiazko // Problems of development of legal

science and improvement of legal practice: collection of scientific papers. - Minsk: BSU, 2005.

- P. 27–33.
7. Anikin A. V. Scottish sage: Adam Smith // Research on the nature and causes of the wealth

of nations. - M.: Eksmo , 2007. - P. 879–901.
8. McConnell K. R. Economics : principles, problems and policy / K. R. McConnell , S. L.

Brew ; Transl. from the 13th English edition. - M.: INFRA-M, 1999, XXXIV. - P. 4–5.
9. Chernenkiy V. P. Economic development of the enterprise: essence and types / V. P.

Chernenkiy // Formation of a market economy: sciences . with no. / Ministry of Education and

Science; ed. A. A. Belyaev. - 2010. - Issue 23. - P. 116–126.
10. McConnell K. R. Economics : principles, problems and policy / K. R. McConnell , S. L.

Brew ; Transl. from the 13th English edition. - M.: INFRA-M, 1999, XXXIV. - P. 4–5.
11. Mankiw H. G. Principles of Economics . - St. Petersburg: Peter Kom, 1999. - P. 784.