INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
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page 1733
THE CONCEPT OF "DEVELOPMENT" BASED ON DIALECTIC AND
METAPHYSICAL CONCEPTS
Salamov Farrukh Fattoevich
Acting Professor of the Department of Economic Theory at the
Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service.
E-mail:
Abstract:
the article is devoted to the essence of the concept of “development” based on its
consideration from the side of two concepts of the universe: dialectical and metaphysical.
Key words:
development , dialectics, metaphysics, philosophical school of dialectical
materialism, concept of endogenous growth, privatization.
The interpretation of the essence of the concept of “development” was carried out on the basis
of its consideration from the side of two concepts of the universe: dialectical and metaphysical.
Metaphysical interpretation of development has been carried out since ancient times. A great
contribution to this type of interpretation of the concept of "development" was made by
Aristotle and Starigites . Thus, Aristotle sought a solution to this problem in observing changes
in living nature, and Starigites considered development as the identification of stable trends in
something and the endless repetition of these trends
.
Some representatives of German classical philosophy and materialism stood out for their
dialectical understanding of the concept of “development”, in particular Hegel, who believed
that development is a transition from quantitative changes to qualitative ones.
Worthy of attention is the dialectical interpretation of the concept of "development", which is
based on Fichte's concept of the continuous transformation between the so-called "I" and "not I".
Thus, the absolute and moral "I" is opposed to the empirical, experience-based "not I", which
leads to the formation of a "new I", which synthesizes the properties of the two previous ones.
K. Marx also gives his interpretation of development. The philosopher, in particular, considers
this concept as a denial of material reality, which entails changes, and, consequently, the
development of this reality. On the basis of the assumption, the philosophical school of
dialectical materialism developed, whose representatives believed that development is possible
due to certain internal transformations in material reality.
The study of the concept of “economic development” in scientific literary sources is carried out
on the basis of five areas of analysis:
- model of linear stages of development;
- application of the theory of structural transformations;
- use of external dependence theory;
- the concept of endogenous growth, also known as the new theory of economic growth;
- a neoclassical theory whose key categories are privatization and free markets.
The first of these theories of economic development was developed by the American economist
and historian Rostow . This concept is based on the assumption that economic development can
be broken down into a certain sequence of stages, which are preceded by the accumulation of
1
Buzgalin A. V. , Kolganov A. I. Global capital. In 2 volumes. V. 2. Theory: Global hegemony of capital and its limits
/ M.: LENAND, 2015.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1734
savings. This theory is mathematically proven by the Harrod-Domar model .
The theory of structural transformations is based on the assumption that economic development
is mainly possible due to the mechanisms of transformation of the economy into an economy
with a more developed sectoral structure. Within the framework of this theory, a two-sector
model of the economy was developed, the founder of which is considered to be A. Lewis, and
the creators of the empirical analysis of the forms of development, Hollis and Cherner .
The above models of economic development within the framework of the theory of structural
transformations are characterized by certain differences. Thus, the two-sector model of Lewis is
characterized by simplicity and, basically, is a reflection of the experience of Western countries
.
Neoclassical theory is based on the belief that economic development is possible only with
minimal government intervention in the economy. Therefore, representatives of this theory are
supporters of privatization of state property and reduction of government restrictions on the
activities of business entities.
The theory of endogenous growth or the new theory of economic growth arose due to the
imperfection of previous theories of economic development, which is caused by their inability
to provide the necessary level of development to third world countries and countries whose
economies are dominated by transformation processes of transition to a market economy.
According to this theory, ensuring the functioning of a free market in a country is not a
sufficient condition for economic development. This functioning must be adapted to local
conditions, which should be based on the mobilization of all available resources and the use of
all necessary opportunities.
The analysis of economic development is possible on the basis of the theory of external
dependence. This concept is based on the assumption that the most common type of economic
interaction is the interaction between the center and the periphery. Thus, the economic
development of states, former colonies of great empires, depends on cooperation with the state,
which is the main one in such empires. Therefore, it is obvious that the relationship between the
center and the periphery in the global equivalent is not optimally mutually beneficial. The
group of economically most developed states cooperates with less developed states with greater
benefit for themselves.
Having examined the existing theories of economic growth, it can be noted that these concepts
solve problems related to economic development from different sides and are relevant in
different historical eras.
Let us consider economic development from the perspective of the entities that determine its
direction and pace. Certainly, enterprises will be the most significant element of the economic
system of a particular country, since the success of the state economy as a whole depends on
their success
.
If we consider the economy of a certain country as a system, we can confidently note that there
is interaction between its elements, and, consequently, all enterprises of a separate state are
connected to each other in a certain way. The nature of the interaction between them will
influence the direction and pace of economic development.
In the process of evolution of scientific achievements of mankind, there have been repeated
attempts to explain the development of certain objects based on their systemic features. One of
2
Kuhn T. The structure of scientific revolutions / - M.: Politizdat. 1977.
3
Becker G.S. Family // Economic Theory / Edited by J. Eatwell , M. Milgate , P. Newman . – M.: INFRA-M, 2004.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 06,2025
Journal:
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page 1735
the first such attempts was the work of T. Malthus "An Essay on the Principle of Population",
which was published back in 1798. In this scientific work, free competition of the market
economy is defined as the basis of any development, which is a necessary condition for the
optimal distribution of resources between participants in a certain economic system.
The next step in the evolution of scientific research into the concept of "economic
development" was the theory of socio-economic formations, the author of which was K. Marx.
The peculiarity of this theory was that it recognized the contradictory nature of the interaction
of the productive forces of society, which determines the successive changes of socio-economic
formations.
The practical implementation of the above concept turned out to be incapable of competing
with a freely competitive economy, and therefore was rejected by most scientists as a basis for
interpreting the essence of the concept of "economic development". The famous scientist T.
Veblen comments on the collapse of Marx's theory of socio-economic formations based on the
conviction that the economy should be aimed not at the expenditure of resources, but at
satisfying the needs of specific consumers.
The ideas of Mayevsky, namely his theory of economic cycles, which is based on the
assumption that the tendency of economic systems to cyclicality is their internal feature and is
not determined from the outside, can also be considered promising.
Conclusion:
It should be noted that in the most general sense, development can be
characterized as changes or a certain form of these changes. Thus, for a deeper understanding of
the essence of the concept of "development" it is necessary to determine the necessary
prerequisites for the emergence of certain changes.
List of references:
1. Buzgalin A. V. , Kolganov A. I. Global capital. In 2 volumes. V. 2. Theory: Global
hegemony of capital and its limits / M.: LENAND, 2015.
2. Kuhn T. The structure of scientific revolutions / - M.: Politizdat. 1977.
3. Becker G.S. Family // Economic Theory / Edited by J. Eatwell , M. Milgate , P. Newman .
– M.: INFRA-M, 2004.
4. Barberis N., Huang M., Santos T. Prospect Theory and Asset Prices // QWOTERLY
Journal of Economics. Oxford University Press, vol. 116(1), p. 1-53; Khaneman D.,
Tversky A. Prospect Theory: Anglicize of decision and risk //Econometric. 1979. vol .
47(2), p. 263-291.
5. Shiller R. J. Irrational Optimism. How Reckless Behavior Drives Markets / Translated
from English by E. Kalugin. - M.: OOO Alpina Publisher , 2013. - P. 235.
