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USING THE PEDAGOGICAL HERITAGE OF MAKHMUDHOJA BEHBUDI, THE
MANIFESTATION OF THE IDEAS OF NATIONAL MODERNISM, IN THE
EDUCATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE
Raxmonova Gulisa Namozovna
Assistant teacher of the Department of Pedagogy
University of Information Technology and Management
Abstract:
This article reveals the methods and ways of using the pedagogical heritage of one of
the representatives of Turkestan Jadidists, Mahmudkhodja Behbudi, in the education of the
younger generation. Opinions are expressed about the importance of the textbooks created by the
writer in today's pedagogy and their effective benefits.
Key words:
Mahmudkhodja Behbudi, pedagogical activity, pedagogical heritage, youth
education, use, opportunities
Аннотация:
В данной статье раскрываются методы и способы использования
педагогического наследия одного из представителей туркестанских модернистов
Махмудходжи Бехбуди в воспитании молодого поколения. Обсуждается значение
созданных автором учебников в современной
Keywords:
Махмудходжа Бехбуди, педагогическая деятельность, педагогическое наследие,
образование молодежи, использование, возможности.
Introduction
It is known from the past that our great ancestors, besides being devotees of their time, active
propagandists of the future free society, are role models for the younger generation.
Undoubtedly, Mahmudhoja Behbudi is a bright representative of such modernism.
Begali
Kasimov, a well-known historian of history, described our grandfather as follows: "Mahmudhoja
Behbudi came to the field as one of the dreams of Turkestan at the threshold of the 20th century.
He was the greatest figure who actively participated in the socio-political movements of his time,
the founder of modern Uzbek culture. On the initiative of our President, he signed the decision
to widely celebrate the 150th anniversary of Behbudi's birth in 2025. According to it, the tasks
of wide celebration in places, educational institutions, universities, in-depth study of the writer's
life and creativity, development of measures to increase the role and importance of their works in
the education of young people, development of recommendations for organization of contests,
meetings, and roundtable discussions were determined. During the period of independence,
special attention is being paid to perpetuating the memory of Mahmudhoja Behbudi, in-depth
research of his life and activities, and wide dissemination of his scientific and artistic works, the
press service of the president said. In particular, in the following years, a statue of him was
erected on Adiblar Avenue in Tashkent, a house-museum was established in Samarkand, and an
award named after Mahmudhoja Behbudi was established for talented playwrights. All these
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
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page 1395
actions are aimed at raising the morale of our youth, developing their worldview, and forming
the feeling of being a generation worthy of our ancestors. Each nation has its own glorious path.
Studying the exemplary schools of our great enlighteners, who showed courage in this way,
should become the goal of every young person who has fire in their hearts.
He was the recognized leader of Turkestan moderns, the bearer of the idea of an
independent republic, the theoretician and practitioner of the idea of a new school, the first
playwright, theater artist, publisher, and journalist who started Uzbek drama. Benazir Behbudi,
who grew up in an enlightened family, was educated by the leading intellectuals of the time, and
was unsurpassed in intelligence, first of all studied science in depth, traveled to many countries,
and carefully looked at the factors that could serve the development of each nation. After
comprehensively analyzing what he saw and learned, articles and works were finished,
summarizing his widely observed thoughts for the future of the nation. In fact, our great-
grandfather initiated the opening of a new era school and wrote a number of textbooks.
Mahmudhoja Behbudi, whose heart was full of enlightenment and patriotism, prepared the
young generation for independence, tried to instill in them the feelings of national pride and
pride through poems, articles, and plays.
Seeing the differences in the living conditions,
customs, traditions, and education of the Khaqs, the idea of opening a new school (usuli
jadid) became stronger. In 1903, Behbudi opened a new school in the village of Halvoyi near
Samarkand in cooperation with S. Sidiqqi, Ajziy, Rajabamin Abdulkadir Shakuriy. He begins to
compile textbooks for new schools. "Risolai azaredi savod" ("Book of Literacy", 1904), "Risolai
jugrofiyai Umrani" ("Introduction to the Geography of Population", 1905), "Muntakhabi
jugrofiyai yami" ("Brief General Geography", 1906), "Kitabat-ul Atfol" ("Children's Letter",
1908), "Amaliyati Islam" (1908), "History of Islam" (1909) publishes such books. In 1908, he
moved Shakuri's school in Rajabamin to his yard in Samarkand. Behbudi wrote the drama
"Padarkush" in 1911. This was the first Uzbek drama. This play in 3 acts and 4 scenes was
simple in content, and it was about an uneducated, ignorant and ignorant boy who killed his
father. Behbudi called the genre of this work "national tragedy". Tsarist censorship does not
allow publication. Tiflis (Tbilisi) censors it under the pretense that it is "dedicated to the 100th
anniversary of the Battle of Borodino and the liberation of Russia from the French occupation."
The play was published in 1913, but it took another year to be staged. The play was staged in
Samarkand on January 25, 1914. The drama has a strong influence on the people. It is known
that Abdulla Qadiri wrote the drama "Baxtsiz Kuyov" (Unhappy groom) under the influence of
this.
"Padarkush" was a work that started a new Uzbek literature, both in terms of genre and content.
The drama was re-enacted in Tashkent on February 27, 1914 by Avloni's "Turon" theater troupe.
In 1914-1916, the troupe staged this performance in all cities and villages of the Fergana Valley
and gained popularity.
Behbudi created several textbooks for Jadid schools. By creating these textbooks, the writer
cares about making the people literate, imparting religious knowledge as well as worldly
knowledge, raising the spirituality of our youth. M. Behbudi tried to explain information about
the celestial bodies and the rotation of the earth in a language suitable for children's age. Also,
the textbook contains detailed information about the existence of many books on geography, the
existence of Abulqasim Ubaidullah's treatises "Kitab al-masolik wa-l-mamolik" and "Kitab as-
samo", their translations into French and German languages, scientists who contributed to the
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
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page 1396
development of geography, their works, the discovery of the American continent, seas, straits,
Russian and European countries, and the fact that the science of geography is still developing.
The next section of the textbook is called "Sages of Turkestan", and it contains hundreds of
works of Muslim scholars Ibn Sina on vocabulary, logic, geography, music, ethics, chemistry,
astrology, nature, wisdom, medicine, and their translations into European languages. Sages such
as Herati, Abu Ibrahim Gurgani, Sharif Khorazmi, Ahmed bin Tabib Sarakhsi, Abu Mash'ar
Balkhi, Abu Ja'far Khorazmi, Ahmad Farghani, are given information about the direction in
which they created, and the dates when they lived and created. .
In our opinion, the services of Mahmudhoja Behbudi, who was called "the father of Turkestan
jadids", in the field of education are very great. He led the work of opening new schools, taking
into account the age and psychological characteristics of children, creating textbooks and
training manuals, and was an example to other intellectuals in this field. He even opened a
publishing house under the name of "Behbudi Publishing House", where he published textbooks
and study guides for schools.
M. Behbudi rightly emphasized the need to teach the achievements of science for the
development of the nation, and that people ignorant of science are oppressed by other nations.
We know that the Jadids showed enthusiasm, patriotism, and zeal for the nation's development.
However, the content and essence, purpose and mission of their movement were interpreted with
malicious intent both at that time and in the Soviet era. The first renaissance period in Central
Asia took place in the 9th-12th centuries, and the scientific and cultural progress of this century
was demonstrated by the example of the Ma'mun Academy. The second renaissance period
corresponds to the years of the rule of Timur and the Timurids, during this period, the
construction of a great state (Amur Temur kingdom) was carried out, the great miracle of the
15th century, the observatory, the bright star, built by Mirzo Ulugbek, is a bright example of the
scientific thinking of this period. After the 4th century, modern intellectuals created the process
of the third national renaissance. They created the first textbooks in this field, justifying the
necessity of current geography as an educational subject, along with other socio-political
sciences.
Mahmudhoja Behbudi, who came to the field at the beginning of the 20th century, a very
complicated and trying period in the history of Uzbekistan, is considered the founder of the
modernist movement of Turkestan. As a great representative of the national liberation
movement, he devoted his life to the development of science, education and training, literature
and art, and the press, to raise the self-consciousness of the people and to achieve freedom by
mastering the achievements of advanced development in the world.
Mahmudhoja Behbudi was one of the first in the country to organize the first modern schools,
create necessary textbooks for them, and build publishing houses and theaters, despite the
unprecedented resistance of the tsarist government and local fanatical forces. As a skilled
publicist, he created a number of important works and more than two hundred articles devoted to
the current problems of his time.
From the beginning of our century until 1917, modern enlightened educators wrote many
textbooks, especially moral and educational works, and these works were widely used in the
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 02,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1397
moral education of Turkestan youth; The Soviet government severely oppressed, criticized and
even repressed the Jadids, it was not allowed to give examples of their pedagogical works in
school textbooks; in our republic, textbooks based on the Latin alphabet include examples of the
works of contemporary artists, but this is very rare and cannot fully meet the demands and needs
of the present time.
In conclusion, if we effectively use the pedagogical heritage of Makhmudhoja Behbudui in the
education of young people, if we effectively use the textbooks and works created by him in the
course of each of our classes, we will increase the worldview and enthusiasm of our students,
and develop their spiritual views. Therefore, using the scientific heritage of the writer in the
educational process, we can achieve high results in the formation of their scientific potential,
achieve high results in the pedagogical process, and become masters of their profession.
List of used literature:
1. Pedagogika. /prof. M.X.Toxtaxodjayevaning umumiy tahriri ostida.- Т.: ’’O’zbekiston
faylasuflari milliy jamiyati” nashriyoti, 2010,- 400 b.
2. Mavlonova R. va boshqalar. Pedagogika Т.: O’qituvchi. 2010 y.254-263b
3. Xasanboyeva O. va boshq. Pedagogika tarixi.-T.: “G'.G'ulom, 2004.
4. Hashimov K., Nishonova S. Pedagogika tarixi. – T.: 2005.
5. Nishonova S. Komil inson tarbiyasi. – T.: Istiglol, 2004.
6. К.Хошимов, С.Нишонова. Педагогика тарихи. II- қисм. Дарслик.. Алишер Навои
номидаги Ўзбекистон Миллий кутубхонаси нашриёти. Т., 2005.
7. Ҳасанбоева О., Ҳасанбоев Ж., Ҳомидов Ҳ. Педагогика тарихи-. Т.: “Ўқитувчи”, 1997
8. Педагогика назарияси ва тарихи. 1қисм. Педагогика назарияси. Олий ўқув юртлари
учун дарслик./ М.Х.Тохтаходжаеванинг умумий таҳрири остида. “Иқтисод-молия”,
2007.-380 б.
9. G.Raxmonova “ Talabalarni kasbiy pedagogik ta’lim jarayonida ma’naviy-ma’rifiy ishlarni
tashkil etishga tayyorlash texnologiyasi”. Monografiya.Qarshi: “Ilm-fan-ma’naviyat”
nashriyoti, 2025.
