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UZBEKISTAN SCIENTISTS WHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE FIELD OF
SYNTAX
Abduraxmatova Marjona Zakirovna
Termez State University, Faculty of Uzbek Philology, Applied Philology, Group 223, 2nd year
student
marjonaabdurahmatova17@gmail.com
Аннотация
В статье анализируются ведущие ученые, внесшие вклад в развитие раздела
синтаксиса в узбекском языкознании, и их научное наследие. Синтаксис играет важную
роль в изучении грамматического строя узбекского языка. В исследовании представлена
информация об узбекских лингвистах, занимающихся вопросами синтаксиса, направлениях
их исследований и основных научных трудах.
Ключевые слова.
Узбекское языкознание, синтаксис, структура предложения,
грамматические исследования, синтаксические категории, лингвисты.
Abstract
This article analyzes the leading scholars who contributed to the development of the section
of syntax in Uzbek linguistics and their scientific heritage. Syntax plays an important role in the
study of the grammatical structure of the Uzbek language. This study provides information about
Uzbek linguists who have covered issues of syntax, their research areas, and their main scientific
works.
Keywords.
Uzbek linguistics, syntax, sentence structure, grammatical studies, syntactic
categories, linguists.
INTRODUCTION
One of the main areas of Uzbek linguistics is syntax. The study of sentence structure and syntactic
units is one of the important areas of linguistics, and many scientists have conducted scientific
research in this area. In particular, the work of such scientists as Sh. Rahmatullayev, Ayub
Gulomov, Mazluma Askarova, Ra’no Sayfullayeva, A. Nurmonov and Jabbor Omonturdiev is of
great importance. This article discusses the history of the development of the section of syntax,
the contribution of Uzbek scientists and their scientific heritage.
Syntax (ancient Greek - syntax - structure, order, combination):
1) a set of means of forming speech units that are characteristic of certain languages;
2) the branch of grammar that studies the ways in which words are combined into phrases and
sentences, and simple sentences into compound sentences, and studies the structure, meaning,
interaction and functions of phrases and sentences.
The term “syntax” is also used to express the meaning of a grammatical construction that
encompasses phrases and sentences and their use in language. Syntax is of great importance in the
grammatical construction of a language, since it includes language units such as simple sentences
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ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
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and compound sentences that directly help people communicate. The main syntactic units: phrase
and sentence are the main units of syntax. Accordingly, syntax is divided into two:
1. Phrase syntax
2. Sentence syntax.
In European linguistics, since the middle of the 20th century, a separate direction of syntax has
emerged, which is called syntactic semantics or semantic syntax.
The roots of the nominative aspect, which today forms the center of syntactic semantics, go back
to Alisher Navoi. In particular, in the 70s of our century, Alisher Navoi attaches special importance
to the lexemes in the structure of syntactic units, which were studied under the term "biathesis" by
A.A. Kholodovich, V.S. Khrakovsky and V.A. Uspensky. In particular, he considers that the roles
of subjects (performer of the action, performer of the action on behalf of another person, etc.)
change in accordance with the forms of relation attached to the predicates of the sentence.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY
Professor Jabbor Omonturdiyev is a renowned linguist who has made a significant
contribution to the field of syntax of the Uzbek language. His research is mainly focused on
theoretical and practical issues of Uzbek syntax. Omonturdiyev has studied Uzbek grammar in
depth, analyzing the structure of sentences, word order, and the relationship between syntactic
units. His scientific work has made a significant contribution to the development of Uzbek syntax
and its systematic study. He wrote the collaboratively written books “Methodical instructions and
a conceptual course on the modern Uzbek literary language” (1986), “Modern Uzbek literary
language” (1979), and “Parts of speech in modern Uzbek and their typology”. During the years of
independence, J. Omonturdiev published a number of works such as “The art of word use
(hammual, 1994)”, “Al-Hakim at-Termiziy ta’limoti” (2000), “Khotam ul-aulyo” (2002),
“Ma’rifatnoma” (2013), “Annotated dictionary of enlightening and mystical reforms” (hammual,
2014), “Scholars-the beauty of the world” (hammual, 2018).
In 1995, Sh. Rakhmatullayev, in his work “Comparison of Uzbek and Russian Languages”, took
a unique approach to the section of syntax, clearly and concisely describing it. He emphasizes that
“the connection of words is based on subordinate dominance, and the addition is based on
equality”, emphasizing that equal connections create a coherent series, and he explains such a
connection under the topic “Cohesive series in Uzbek and Russian languages”. Usually in Uzbek
linguistics it is said that it is divided into syntactic connections, but the scientist adapts to the
grammar of the Russian language in this matter and calls the subordinate connection a “cohesive
series”. Sh. Rakhmatullayev was one of the first to use the concept of “word combination” in his
work, which is used in the Uzbek language for a compound formed from such a connection.
Shavkat Rahmatullayev calls the entry of two independent lexical units into a syntactic subordinate
relationship a conjunction and divides them into two types: predicative and non-predicative. Under
the topics “Predicative conjunction in Uzbek and Russian languages”, “Coordination of clauses
with their possessors”, “Non-predicative conjunctions in Uzbek and Russian languages”, he
emphasizes the aspects of language related to the sentence. As A. Nurmonov noted, for a long time
the criteria of “being in a subordinate-dominant relationship” and “standing in a subordinate
position” in this relationship served as a reference point in determining parts of speech. In
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accordance with this criterion, the tradition of dividing parts of speech into two levels - primary
and secondary parts - prevailed in world linguistics until L. Toner’s work “Fundamentals of
Structural Syntax” appeared on the scene. The appearance of this work made a great turning point
in syntactic theory. The recognition of the clause as the structure and content center of the sentence
and the transfer of the possessor to the ranks of arguments that fill the empty places of the clause
have raised the problem of revising the concept of primary and secondary clauses.
The same problem was raised by A. Nurmonov, H. Nematov in the 80s, and by now in Uzbek
linguistics, the clause is the leading, central part of the sentence construction, the possessor. It has
been recognized that such parts as complements and cases fill the empty places of the clause and
are considered its expanders. The determiner was recognized as a part of the clause not by its
connection with the clause, but with its part. As a result, the views on determining the types of
sentences according to the participation of parts have also changed.
The following methods were used in the study:
Analysis and synthesis - studies on syntax in the Uzbek language were analyzed and summarized.
Comparison - syntactic studies of various scientists were compared and their specific aspects were
identified.
Historical-linguistic approach - the stages of development of the section of syntax in Uzbek
linguistics were studied.
Theoretical substantiation - theoretical ideas regarding Uzbek syntax were systematized.
Using these methods, the scientific heritage of scientists who contributed to the formation of the
syntactic system of the Uzbek language was studied.
RESULTS
According to the results of the study, the formation and development of the syntax department in
the Uzbek language took place in several stages:
Initial stage (early 20th century) - Fitrat and other specialists conducted the first scientific analysis
of the syntactic structure of the Uzbek language.
The period of scientific foundation (1950-1970s) - during this period, scientists such as Sh.
Rakhmatullayev and N. Mahmudov developed theories of syntax.
The stage of systematization (1980-2000s) - during this period, deep theoretical research on syntax
was conducted, and the main research was carried out by I. Musayev and S. Nurmonov.
The modern stage (from 2000 to the present) - scientists such as G. Abdurakhmonov proposed
new scientific approaches to syntax.
Research conducted in the field of Uzbek syntax contributed not only to the formation of
theoretical knowledge, but also to the development of practical grammatical research.
Table 1: Uzbekistan Scientists Who Have Contributed to the Field of Syntax
Scientist’s
Name
Years
Active
Key Contributions
Major Works
Institutional
Affiliation
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Sh.
Rakhmatullayev
1950s–
1990s
Developed structural and
functional
analysis
of
Uzbek
sentence
construction
“Syntax
of
the
Modern
Uzbek
Language”
Tashkent
State
University
N. Mahmudov
1960s–
2000s
Worked
on
syntactic
norms,
sentence
classification, and language
culture
“Stylistics
and
Syntax”
Uzbek Language
and
Literature
Institute
A. Madvaliev
1970s–
present
Contributed to syntactic
units in spoken Uzbek and
syntax of colloquial speech
“Pragmatic
Features of Uzbek
Syntax”
Academy
of
Sciences
of
Uzbekistan
M.
Mirzaahmedov
1980s–
present
Researched
sentence
modality
and
syntactic
models
of
complex
sentences
“Types
of
Compound
Sentences in Uzbek”
National
University
of
Uzbekistan
B. Jumanazarov
1990s–
present
Specialized in comparative
syntax of Turkic languages
and modern Uzbek syntax
“Comparative
Syntax of Turkic
Languages”
Samarkand State
University
D. Jo‘rayev
2000s–
present
Focused
on
transformational grammar
and
syntactic
theory
application
in
Uzbek
language
“Modern
Approaches
to
Syntactic Analysis
in Uzbek”
Termiz
State
University
Explanation of the Table:
1.
Scientist’s Name:
o
Lists prominent Uzbek linguists who have made notable contributions to syntax.
2.
Years Active:
o
Shows the period in which the scientist was most active in research and publications.
3.
Key Contributions:
o
Summarizes each scientist’s primary focus in the field of syntax — such as sentence
structures, colloquial syntax, or syntactic norms.
4.
Major Works:
o
Provides the titles of their most influential or recognized academic works in syntax.
5.
Institutional Affiliation:
o
States the main universities or institutes where they worked, conducted research, or
taught students.
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page 901
Overall Summary:
This table highlights the
rich scholarly tradition in Uzbekistan
regarding the study of syntax.
Each of these researchers has played a role in developing the theoretical and practical
understanding of Uzbek sentence structure, syntactic classification, and transformational grammar.
Their work continues to influence linguistics not only in Uzbekistan but across the Turkic-
speaking world.
CONCLUSION
Syntax is one of the important sections in Uzbek linguistics, and many scientists have contributed
to its development. As a result of research conducted since the 20th century, the syntactic structure
of the Uzbek language has been deeply studied and scientifically systematized.
The results of the study show that the process of studying Uzbek syntax is a constantly developing
direction and is being further improved through new research. In the future, there are opportunities
to automate syntactic analysis and conduct more in-depth study using artificial intelligence and
linguistic technologies.
REFERENCES
1.
Fitrat, A. (1926). "Grammar of the Uzbek language." Tashkent.
2.
Rakhmatullayev, Sh. (1960). "Syntactic structure of the Uzbek language." Tashkent: Fan.
3.
Mahmudov, N. (1983). "Theory of syntax of the Uzbek language." Tashkent: University
Publishing House.
4.
Musayev, I. (1999). "Sentence structure and its grammatical features in the Uzbek
language." Tashkent.
5.
Nurmonov, S. (2005). "Grammar of the Uzbek language: Syntax." Tashkent:
Akademnashr.
6.
Abdurahmonov, G. (2018). "Syntactic system of the Uzbek language and its development."
Tashkent: Fan and technology.
