INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1570
STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC, MORPHO-PHONETIC, AND FUNCTIONAL
ADAPTATION OF THE LATEST BORROWINGS IN THE TERMINOLOGICAL
SPHERE OF
"
MARKET ECONOMY
"
IN RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Kodirov Urinboy Orifjonovich
Andijan state university Senior Lecturer
Abstract:
This article explores the structural-semantic, morpho-phonetic, and functional
adaptation of the latest borrowings within the terminological sphere of the "Market
Economy" in the Russian and Uzbek languages. The study analyzes how new economic
terms are integrated into the respective linguistic systems, focusing on the mechanisms of
semantic transformation, morphological assimilation, and phonetic adjustment. It highlights
the similarities and differences between the two languages in processing economic
borrowings and identifies the sociolinguistic factors influencing these processes. The research
also discusses the impact of globalization and technological development on the evolution of
economic terminologies in both linguistic contexts.
Keywords:
market economy, terminology adaptation, Russian language, Uzbek language,
structural-semantic adaptation, morpho-phonetic adaptation, functional adaptation, economic
terminology, language borrowing
INTRODUCTION
In the modern era of globalization and technological advancement, the phenomenon of
linguistic borrowing has significantly intensified, particularly within specialized
terminological spheres such as the "Market Economy." Both the Russian and Uzbek
languages, influenced by rapid economic transformations and international integration, have
experienced a surge in the adoption of new economic terms. These borrowings undergo
complex processes of structural-semantic, morpho-phonetic, and functional adaptation to
become fully integrated into the receiving languages. The structural-semantic adaptation
involves adjusting the meaning and conceptual framework of the borrowed terms to fit the
existing linguistic and cultural norms. Morpho-phonetic adaptation pertains to the
modification of the morphological structure and phonetic patterns of the terms to align with
the phonological and grammatical systems of the target language. Functional adaptation
reflects the ways in which borrowed terms are incorporated into different stylistic and
communicative contexts within the languages. Given the importance of market economy
discourse in modern society, the way economic terms are adapted and assimilated into
Russian and Uzbek plays a crucial role in shaping professional communication, academic
discourse, and media language. Despite sharing certain commonalities due to historical and
cultural interactions, Russian and Uzbek exhibit distinct approaches to integrating borrowings,
influenced by their respective linguistic structures and socio-political developments. This
paper aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the structural-semantic, morpho-phonetic,
and functional adaptation of the latest borrowings in the terminological sphere of the market
economy in Russian and Uzbek. The study seeks to reveal the underlying mechanisms,
patterns, and tendencies that characterize the adaptation process and to highlight the broader
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1571
linguistic and sociocultural implications of economic terminology borrowing in these two
languages.
The Nature of Borrowings in the Market Economy Terminological Sphere
The field of market economy has seen a rapid influx of new terms, primarily originating from
English, due to the globalization of economic practices and international trade. Terms such as
marketing, startup, investment, broker, and outsourcing have not only entered the Russian
and Uzbek languages but have also undergone significant adaptation to meet the linguistic
norms of each language. In both languages, these borrowings reflect the need to describe new
economic phenomena for which native equivalents were either nonexistent or insufficient.
Structural-Semantic Adaptation
In the process of adaptation, borrowed terms often undergo semantic shifts to align with the
conceptual realities of the target culture. For example, in Russian, the term "стартап" (startup)
preserves its original meaning but can also be extended to any small new business, not
necessarily innovative in nature. Similarly, in Uzbek, the term "startap" has been adopted
with a broader meaning, encompassing a wide range of entrepreneurial activities beyond the
high-tech sector. Semantic narrowing and widening, polysemy development, and
reinterpretation are common in both languages.
Morpho-Phonetic Adaptation
Russian and Uzbek languages apply different phonetic and morphological strategies to
integrate borrowed economic terms.
In Russian, borrowed words often receive native suffixes and declension endings (e.g.,
маркетинг – маркетинга, маркетингу, etc.), adapting them to the case system.
In Uzbek, phonetic adaptation aims at making the borrowed terms fit Uzbek pronunciation
norms (e.g., marketing → marketing [mar'keting]), while morphological adaptation often
includes suffixation for plural forms or possessives (e.g., startaplar – "startups").
In both cases, phonological assimilation ensures that borrowed words can be naturally
pronounced and written by native speakers.
Functional Adaptation
Borrowed economic terms initially appear in specialized fields such as academic writing,
business communication, and media. Over time, they penetrate everyday language. For
instance, terms like investor, broker, and franchise are now widely used in non-specialized
communication in both Russian and Uzbek. The functional adaptation of these terms is
closely linked to the degree of public familiarity with economic concepts and the general
level of financial literacy in society.
Sociolinguistic Factors Influencing Borrowing
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
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The sociolinguistic environment significantly affects the adaptation process. In Russia, the
influence of English has been particularly strong since the 1990s, following the dissolution of
the Soviet Union and the subsequent economic reforms. In Uzbekistan, economic
liberalization and increased international cooperation after independence in 1991 have
similarly facilitated the influx of English economic terms. However, language policy in
Uzbekistan has placed a stronger emphasis on the development of native Uzbek terminology,
sometimes leading to the creation of calques (loan translations) alongside direct borrowings.
Comparative Analysis
Despite similarities, notable differences exist between Russian and Uzbek in their approach
to economic borrowings:
Russian tends to accept borrowings with minimal changes, quickly integrating them into
everyday speech.
Uzbek sometimes prefers to adapt borrowed terms more deeply, either by modifying their
structure significantly or by creating hybrid forms that combine English roots with Uzbek
affixes.
Furthermore, the Russian language often retains the original spelling and pronunciation
closer to the source language, while Uzbek adapts spelling to match phonetic reading (e.g.,
outsourcing → autsorsing).
Thus, the adaptation of market economy terminology in Russian and Uzbek illustrates the
dynamic nature of language change under the influence of globalization. Structural-semantic,
morpho-phonetic, and functional adjustments not only reveal the internal mechanisms of
language development but also reflect broader socio-economic trends and cultural factors in
the two linguistic communities.
CONCLUSION
The structural-semantic, morpho-phonetic, and functional adaptation of the latest borrowings
in the market economy terminological sphere demonstrates the dynamic and responsive
nature of both the Russian and Uzbek languages. Borrowed economic terms have been
successfully integrated into these languages through processes that reflect not only linguistic
needs but also socio-cultural transformations driven by globalization and economic
modernization. Structural-semantic adaptation in both languages often involves either a
narrowing or broadening of meaning to fit the cultural and economic realities of the target
society. Morpho-phonetic adaptation shows the effort to harmonize foreign terms with the
native grammatical and phonological systems, ensuring ease of use and acceptance among
speakers. Functional adaptation highlights how initially specialized terms gradually permeate
into general usage, evidencing the evolving linguistic landscape influenced by market
economy discourse. Comparative analysis reveals that, while Russian tends to preserve
foreign structures more closely, Uzbek displays a stronger tendency toward localization,
including the use of calques and hybrid formations. Sociolinguistic factors such as national
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1573
language policy, historical experiences, and exposure to global economic systems
significantly shape the trajectory of terminological borrowing and adaptation.
Overall, the study of recent borrowings in the economic field enhances our understanding of
linguistic innovation, cross-cultural communication, and the resilience of national languages
in the face of global influences. Future research may focus on more detailed corpus-based
analyses, regional variations within languages, and the development of normative
recommendations for the standardization of economic terminology.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23
American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 04,2025
Journal:
https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai
page 1574
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