Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
58
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
58-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The research in the fields of linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and ethnolinguistics is
particularly interested in exploring how language can be used to appeal to various social, psychological,
personal, and individual characteristics of individuals. The aim is to develop strategies for influencing
speech, detect the impact of text on recipients through psycholinguistic and pragmalinguistic experiments,
and diagnose the personalities of authors of reviews and political speeches from the 30-50s of the XX
century by qualitatively and quantitatively interpreting fragments of their speech portraits.
K
EYWORDS
Linguistics, motivational speech acts, pragmatic and semantic attributes, comprehensive research,
characteristics, modes of expression, form and content, contentious issues, apply pragmatics, exploring
priority areas, linguistic discipline, native speakers, express intentions, understand intentions, context and
situation.
I
NTRODUCTION
Language is widely recognized as the primary
mode of human communication, serving various
purposes such as conveying important
information, persuading others to act or refrain
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Research Article
THE BACKGROUND OF THE EMERGENCE OF
PRAGMALINGUISTICS
Submission Date:
June 04, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 09, 2023,
Published Date:
June 14, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-06-11
Eshdavlatova Adiba Zafar Qizi
The Teacher Of Samarkand State Institute Of Foreign Languages (Uzbekistan)
Xolmamatova Yulduz Isoq Qizi
The 3rd Course Student Of Samarkand State Institute Of Foreign Languages (Uzbekistan)
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
59
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
58-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
from acting, expressing emotions, and evaluating
others' behavior. Language can even play a
significant role in bringing about social or
personal changes, such as the abolition of
serfdom or the awarding of a state prize.
Therefore, it is reasonable to investigate language
as a tool for action, which is the focus of linguistic
pragmatics or pragmalinguistics. The term
pragmatics derives from the Greek word for
"business," indicating that this field concerns
language in practical use, in real-life situations.
The Greek historian Polybius (d. 118).
The term "pragmatic" was originally used by the
author to describe his writing, which aimed to
educate and be useful to readers. In philosophy
and psychology, the term referred to experience
and activity. Pragmatics is a section of semiotics
that studies the user's attitude towards signs used
in their activities. Linguistic pragmatics studies
language as a tool used by people in their
activities.
Today,
pragmatics
is
an
interdisciplinary field that involves various
disciplines such as linguistics, philosophy,
sociology,
psychology,
ethnography,
and
cybernetics. The empirical tasks of the general
theory of pragmatics include developing models
of speech production, understanding, and
memorization,
as
well
as
models
of
communicative interaction and language use in
socio-cultural situations. Although there is no
single scientific definition of pragmatics as a
science, it has developed under the influence of a
linguistic paradigm focused on the study of
speech communication.
The notion of considering the "human element" in
linguistic research originated from the field of
semiotics. Semiotics is a scientific discipline that
explores the structure and function of various
sign systems that store and transmit information,
whether they are found in human society, nature,
or within humans themselves. The concept of
pragmatics emerged in early semiotics research,
which aimed to examine the dynamic and
procedural aspects of sign situations, including
the participants involved (such as C.S. Pierce and
C.W. Morris). Morris identified three branches of
semiotics: syntax (or syntactics), which studies
the relationships between signs; semantics,
which examines the relationships between signs
and their meanings; and pragmatics, which
focuses on studying the relationships between
signs and their interpreters - those who create,
accept, and understand them. R. Carnap made
significant contributions to formal pragmatics'
development.
There are various definitions of linguistic
pragmatics, which can be categorized into several
groups. One group emphasizes the importance of
the human element in interpreting language.
Another group focuses on the functional aspect of
linguistic pragmatics and its contextual nature,
viewing it as the study of language use in context.
Another group examines the mutual influence of
communicants in the process of communication.
Finally,
some
definitions
highlight
the
interpretive aspect of pragmatic studies of speech
works in different communicative contexts.
Pragmalinguistics is a rapidly advancing field in
linguistics that encompasses various aspects of
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
60
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
58-62
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
language use and interpretation. Y.D Apresyian
defines pragmatics as the speaker's true nature,
the content of communication, and the written
convention of the addressee in any language unit.
In scientific literature, definitions of linguistic
pragmatics can be classified into four groups:
those that disregard the human element, those
that focus on the functional and contextual nature
of language use, those that examine the mutual
influence of communicants, and those that
emphasize the interpretive aspect of speech in
different communicative contexts. The pragmatic
meaning of words is an important aspect of this
interpretation.
Pragmatics is a field of linguistics that focuses on
language use and interpretation. It is derived
from the Greek word for "action" and is
concerned with how language is used in context.
Pragmatics encompasses various disciplines such
as philosophy, psychology, sociology, and
cybernetics. The goal of pragmatics is to develop
models of cognitive and communicative
interaction in specific socio-cultural situations.
Pragmalinguistics is a research-oriented field that
emphasizes the importance of the human factor in
linguistic research. It is based on the idea that
knowledge of language goes beyond the
acquisition of grammatical rules and includes an
understanding of the pragmatic meaning of
words in different communicative contexts.
Pragmalinguistics is shaped by the structural
system of language but also takes into account
additional values that depend on the context of
the communication. For example, when a speaker
describes a room as light, there are several factors
to consider such as the speaker's unfamiliarity
with the room, the comparison to darker rooms,
the desire to make a good impression on the
owner, and interest in their opinion. Similarly, the
phrase "He goes to the race too" can convey
disrespect or surprise depending on the context,
and changing it to "He goes to the race" would
make the speaker's attitude neutral. These
nuances demonstrate that pragmatic meaning
goes beyond grammar rules and requires an
understanding of the communicative situation.
Tools such as intonation and emphasis can aid in
interpreting pragmatic meaning in oral speech.
The sequence of a communication event can be
summarized as "I-you-here-at the moment-for
the following reason-through the following
message or sentence-tell you". This sequence is
not fixed and may change depending on the
situation. The process of speech consists of
several stages, including preparation, structuring,
and delivery. During preparation, the speaker
considers factors such as the addressee's age,
gender, and service. In the structuring stage, the
speaker selects words that are most effective for
conveying their message. In some cases, the
speaker may have difficulty delivering their
entire
speech,
which
can
lead
to
misunderstandings. The adoption process
involves several stages, including switching from
acoustic or graphic code to internal word code,
analyzing syntax structures and understanding
the meaning and purpose of the speech. The
evaluation of received information is also
important in understanding the speaker's ideas,
views and position.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
61
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
58-62
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Communication involves several stages, including
establishing contact, continuing the conversation,
and ending it. The first stage typically involves
greetings and language patterns, while the second
stage focuses on important issues and emotional
expression. The length of each stage depends on
the relationship between the participants and the
situation. The understanding of the message
delivered depends on various factors, including
the pragmatic context, which includes both
explicit and hidden elements such as interests,
motives, and personality attitudes. The success of
communication depends on the components of
the contingency, such as the time and place of the
communication, the addressee's behavior and
presuppositional properties, and the message's
topic. Ultimately, the participants are crucial to
the pragmatic context of the conversation, and
their importance should be considered in any
communication situation.
The communicative approach is preferred over
the term "intention" in pragmalinguistic
literature. The desire of participants to express
themselves and convey their thoughts and
emotions shapes the form of speech. Intention is
equivalent to pre-thought thinking and is
influenced by events, facts, and the environment.
Communication between people usually arises
from a need to change an uncomfortable or
unpleasant situation in the environment. The
concept of intention originated in philosophical
science and is understood as the initial stage of
speech in psychology. Intent is the ultimate idea
and goal of the participants, and every word
spoken is aimed at achieving some aspect of it.
Intention may be explicitly delivered or
presented in a concise manner, and experienced
partners can often discern hidden intentions.
To summarize, in language communication, there
are two types of intentions: the speaker's initial
approach and a sudden situation that arises later.
Intentions are adaptive and constantly changing,
and each participant has their own objective in a
particular situation. The aim of intentional
intentions can be direct or indirect, and they can
be implied or explicitly stated during
conversation. Intentional intentions are carried
out due to the motivation of any actors to act, and
they can have positive or negative emotional
impacts on participants. Intensification of events
can also play a role in intentionality. Both general
pragmatics and linguistic pragmatics examine
their objects of investigation in relation to their
surroundings and establish the necessary and
sufficient conditions that make an object count as
that object. General pragmatics focuses on the
fundamental premises of practical action, while
linguistic pragmatics connects those foundations
to
language-specific
constraints
and
requirements.
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
58-62
SJIF
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)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
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