Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
189
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
189-194
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
Climate change, which was once considered a simple natural phenomenon, has become a global threat in
the world today. Even the world community recognizes this danger as one of the most serious problems
facing humanity. The countries that did not take measures against it in time will have to mobilize large
funds against the serious consequences of climate change. This article examines the impact of the economy
on the environment, the interdependence of the economy and the environment, the impact of risks and
damages arising from economic activities on the environment. It also talks about the importance and
benefits of the “green” economy in reducing environmental risks and damage to nature. At the same time,
the experience of foreign countries in the use of eco-innovations and eco-investments in the transition to
a “green” economy has been extensively researched.
K
EYWORDS
Climate change, “green” economy, natural phenomenon, global threat, environmental risks, environmental
damage, eco-innovations, eco-investments, experience of foreign countries, heavy air pollution, natural
resources renewable energy, ecological technology.
I
NTRODUCTION
The process of globalization ensures the
qualitative renewal of the technological base of
industrialized countries, increasing the level of
production efficiency and competitiveness, as
Journal
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Research Article
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE TRANSITION TO A
“GREEN ECONOMY”
Submission Date:
July 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
July 25, 2023,
Published Date:
July 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-07-32
Murotjonova Mubina Dilshod Qizi
Jizzakh Branch Of The National University Of Uzbekistan Named After Mirzo Ulugbek, Faculty Of
“
Psychology
”, 5230100
- Economy (By Industries And Sectors), Student Of Group 140-20, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
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VOLUME
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Pages:
189-194
SJIF
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(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
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6.741
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OCLC
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well as improving the quality of life and living
environment. Demands a transition to a
modernized economy with a new technological
structure. Abroad, the “green growth” economic
policy that makes this transition has been
adopted by the Organization for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD) as a strategic
direction for the long-term (until 2030)
development of all its members. In terms of anti-
crisis
potential,
eco-innovations,
green
investment and, in general, green economy, can
increase employment, alleviate unemployment,
stimulate activity in all sectors of the economy,
and allow to get out of recession faster.
Eco-innovation is defined as any form of
innovation aimed at significant and clear growth
in achieving the goals of sustainable
development, reducing the harmful impact on the
environment and using natural resources more
efficiently and rationally, and the generally
accepted definition of the green economy is the
reef does not exist. The United Nations
Environment Program (UNEP) considers the
“green economy” as an economic activity and
offers a broad understanding of this concept, “a
green economy” improves human well
-being and
ensures
social
justice,
environmental
“significantly reduces risks and deg
radation of
nature”. This definition of “green economy” is
almost no different from the well-known concept
of sustainable development.
In more narrow sense, the “green economy”
refers to the control and reduction of emissions of
pollutants and greenhouse gases, the monitoring
and forecasting of climate change, as well as the
creation, production and use of energy and
resource saving technologies and technologies for
renewable energy sources use is understood. This
includes the creation, production and use of
technologies and materials to protect buildings
and structures from sudden changes in
temperature, humidity and wind load; production
of environmentally friendly products, including
agricultural (food, natural fibers) and consumer
goods (natural and natural-based medicines and
personal care products without chemical
additives), in other words, “green economy”
includes the types and results of economic
activities that contribute to the improvement of
the quality of life and living conditions while
modernizing
and
increasing
production
efficiency. The scale of the “green” sector in the
world economy is still relatively small, so the term
“green shoots” of the economy is usually used in
special literature along with the concept of “green
economy”. In fact, th
e value of products and
services in this area in 2010 was 2 trillion US
dollars or 2.7 percent of the world’s gross
domestic product, and the profit is 530 billion US
dollars, employment - 10 million established a
person. However, the contribution of the “green”
sector to the development of the economic
complex of some countries, which concentrate the
main part of the potential and investments in this
area, is significantly higher: in the USA, the “green
economy” provides more than 600 billion dollars
of products and services (4.2% of GDP),
employment estimated at 3 million people; In
Japan - 3.4 percent of GDP and 1.5 million,
respectively; 2.5 percent of the total GDP and
more than 3.4 million people in the countries of
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(ISSN
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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)
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5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
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the European Union; however, in some countries
these figures are higher: in Germany it is 4.8% of
GDP, in addition, Germany is one of the world’s
leading
countries
in
the
export
of
environmentally friendly products and services
(in particular, more than 12% of the world trade
in climate-saving equipment). Finally, the number
of premature deaths caused by heavy air
pollution reaches 3.6 million per year, and the
share of China and India is significantly higher.
The Earth’s surface will shrink up to 10%,
especially in the countries of Asia, Europe and
South Africa. It is predicted that the area of
natural forests will decrease by 13%. In order to
prevent these global risks, the main attention
should be focused on ecology of the economy.
There are a number of measures, such as the
transition to t
he “green economy”, introduction of
eco-innovations and ecological investments.
Innovation is a key factor for environmental
efficiency and economic growth. Eco-innovation
is any innovation that reduces the impact on the
environment; it is the production of new
products, the creation of systems and processes
that conserve natural resources and emit minimal
toxic substances. Eco-innovation is not only a
means of preserving natural resources and the
environment in general, but also a very effective
tool that helps to increase the economic well-
being of the country and the level of
competitiveness in general, along with the
rational, modern, reliable use of resources.
When analyzed at the level of countries, Germany
is one of the advanced countries in this field,
which has created a zero-waste production cycle
in introducing green principles to all sectors of
the economy. Germany is a world leader in waste
processing and recycling. In Germany, 23 percent
of patented technologies belong to the
environment, and more than 30 percent of
companies in the field of wind and solar energy
belong to German companies. The number of
workers in German companies working in the
green sector, in areas related to environment and
climate protection (energy, transport, recycling,
waste disposal, etc.), is approximately 2 million
people or a total of 4.5 percent of the
economically active population. Today, this
indicator has a growing tendency. Sweden’s
experience in eco-innovation is important.
Sweden is a world leader in the use of renewable
energy and local fuel sources. When the list of
“green” countries on the planet was developed by
Yale University scientists, Sweden took the first
place in this rating. Today, the country’s
government is actively pursuing a policy of
introducing green principles in all areas of the
economy. Energy efficiency and renewable
energy sources are the main and priority
directions, and the sphere of energy and
environmental protection is brought to the policy
level. In Sweden, 96% of household waste is
disposed of, which is one of the highest rates in
the world. Homeowners will be given tax benefits
when switching to renewable energy sources.
Also, the tax will be reduced for car owners who
use environmentally friendly fuel for their cars. In
addition, free parking spaces are offered in the
city. The share of such cars in the country is
increasing year by year. These, of course, belong
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
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Pages:
189-194
SJIF
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5.478
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(2022:
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)
(2023:
6.741
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to the group of additional measures that have a
positive effect on the ecology of the country.
In order to increase the share of the green sector
in the state economy, tax incentives such as
accelerated depreciation, property tax or income
tax reduction can be used, especially preferential
loans and green can make investments in
technologies. But it is not considered correct for
the state to provide business subsidies to ensure
environmental compliance. Instead, state
authorities should expand private banks and
insurance companies that reflect the criterion of
focusing on environmental factors in stimulating
the financial status of enterprises. That is, banks
may require a list of environmental indicators
before approving a loan, and insurance
companies may draw up an identification
declaration on environmental risks and measures
to reduce them. Also, banks and insurance
companies can offer preferential favorable
contract terms for companies with high
environmental efficiency. In “Green Business”
practice, providing direct subsidies and providing
free technical assistance to enterprises to ensure
their initial participation and dissemination of
information is very effective. However, at present,
many countries do not have enough legal norms
on financing for the introduction and promotion
of “green practices” financial allocations to show
help long-term eco-economic stability of
enterprises.
To sum up, world experience shows that the
“green
economy”
stimulates
regional
development,
achieving
social
stability,
increasing economic potential through the
creation of new jobs in “green economy” sectors.
“Green economy” mainly helps eco
nomic
development and ensures the growth of the gross
domestic product, increase of the country’s
income, employment of the population, reduction
of the level of unemployment in the country. At
the same time, the transition to a “green
economy” will reduce
the risk of global threats
such as climate change, the loss of minerals, and
the scarcity of water resources, when today’s
world civilization has gathered strength and
reached the peak of its power, if all the countries
of the world do not choose an ecologically
oriented model for economic development, the
entire planet will gradually decline and
completely disappear under the conditions of
globalization.
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