Vol. 5 No. 06 (2025)

In the context of modern globalization, the study of the diversity of national schools of journalism is an important scientific task. In the context of the spread of single forms of journalistic creativity, the study of differences in the genre systems of journalism between different regions of the world, including Spain and Latin American countries, is becoming especially relevant. Such a study analyzes the genre characteristics of the Spanish print media. The article analyzes the genre characteristics of the Spanish press, their formation, development and current state based on the scientific work of Spanish scholars. At the same time, the article also considers the types of Spanish newspaper genres, the criteria for their separation, modern requirements and features associated with the development of digital media.

This article provides information about the culture of communication in emergency education, communicative culture in the communication process, and their main tasks. It is emphasized what knowledge, skills and competencies a future employee should have for successful work. The ability to communicate correctly, clearly and quickly in emergency situations is considered one of the important factors in ensuring human life and safety. The article also analyzes the role of communication in developing psychological stability, accurate information delivery, teamwork and leadership qualities for specialists working in emergency situations from a theoretical and practical perspective. Trainings aimed at developing communication skills, practical exercises and methods of using modern communication technologies are also considered.

This article examines the formation, linguistic characteristics, semantic functions, and cultural significance of eponyms in English and Uzbek through a comparative linguistic analysis. Eponyms—terms derived from personal names—reflect historical, scientific, cultural, and social contexts. The study analyzes the most commonly used eponyms in both languages, focusing on their morphological structure and functional potential.

This article broadly covers modern research directions for identifying and evaluating structural defects in textile fabrics. These defects significantly affect the quality, aesthetic appearance, and functional properties of fabrics. Therefore, detecting, diagnosing, and effectively eliminating them is one of the most pressing issues in the textile industry. The study explores advanced techniques for identifying structural defects using image processing algorithms, deep learning technologies, and neural networks. It examines the potential of a deep learning approach based on the Fisher criterion to ensure high accuracy in fabric quality diagnostics. New approaches using Gabor filters to analyze the spectral and geometric parameters of fabrics are also discussed. Methods aimed at improving the automated detection of defect shape, location, and density on fabric surfaces are presented. The research results include practical recommendations to optimize production processes and enhance quality control. In particular, it outlines opportunities to take significant steps in defect detection and prevention through the implementation of modern technologies. This study not only contributes to improving fabric quality but also lays a vital scientific foundation for the sustainable development of the textile industry.

The effectiveness of freight transportation is a critical determinant of national and enterprise-level competitiveness, especially in landlocked countries such as Uzbekistan. Despite commendable progress in trade liberalization, infrastructure development, and industrial diversification, logistical inefficiencies—ranging from outdated transport networks to regulatory bottlenecks—continue to hinder the country’s economic integration with global markets. This study critically examines the logistical, infrastructural, and regulatory challenges confronting Uzbek enterprises in both domestic cargo distribution and international freight transit. Drawing on empirical data, field-based observations, and comparative international case studies, the article proposes strategic policy and operational recommendations to enhance transport efficiency and reduce systemic delays. The findings emphasize the importance of multimodal connectivity, public-private coordination, and digitalization of freight systems in improving logistics performance in developing, landlocked economies.

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has emerged as a promising nanotechnology for ultra-low-power and high-speed cryptographic circuit design. However, its vulnerability to power analysis attacks (PAA) remains a critical concern. This paper reviews existing QCA-based cryptographic implementations, including the Serpent cipher, A5/1 stream cipher, and True Random Number Generators (TRNGs), analyzing their resistance to side-channel attacks. We evaluate power consumption models, security trade-offs, and novel design methodologies for secure nanocommunication.

The author concentrates on the recommendations aimed at ensuring the reliability of digital evidence by using (AI) artificial intelligence technologies. This article investigates the utilization of artificial intelligence in the automation of the analysis of digital evidence. The authors explore contemporary methodologies regarding the application of AI technologies for the processing, classification, and analysis of digital traces within forensic practice. The paper evaluates the advantages associated with the integration of AI into the processes of cybercrime investigation, which encompass the enhancement of processing speed for extensive data sets, the identification of concealed patterns, and the automation of routine tasks. Particular emphasis is given to machine learning, neural networks, and computer vision algorithms within the framework of digital evidence analysis. Furthermore, the article addresses the challenges concerning the reliability of results derived from AI systems, issues of legal regulation and ethical aspects of the use of automated solutions in criminal proceedings.

The article discusses the issue of designing a database on the semantic interpretation of geographical terms, which occupies a special place in the educational corpus, in particular, the educational corpus of the Uzbek language and its related database. The information on the structure, composition, corpus material, search potentials of the educational corpus are also provided. Recommendations for semantic tagging of geographical terms, creation of their database, selection of lexicographic ground have been developed for Uzbek language educational corps.

This article examines the occurrence of errors in the written speech of primary school students due to regional dialect, orthoepic and phonetic problems, lack of vocabulary and individual problems, as well as ways to eliminate these problems using various teaching tasks, games and exercises. The article presents the negative effects of local dialects in some regions of Uzbekistan on the development of correct writing skills of primary school students, as well as teaching tasks and their results as a solution to this problem. In addition to the textbook, in native language lessons for primary school students, it is possible to solve spelling problems that arise in them more quickly and effectively by using educational tasks that develop correct spelling skills.

The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly methods for nanomaterial synthesis has spurred significant interest in biomimetic approaches. Among these, the use of viruses as templates for the controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has emerged as a particularly promising area. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the biomimetic synthesis of AgNPs utilizing various viral platforms. It highlights the unique advantages offered by viruses, such as their well-defined nanostructures, self-assembly capabilities, genetic programmability, and biocompatibility, which enable precise control over the size, shape, and morphology of the synthesized AgNPs. The review discusses the mechanisms involved in virus-mediated AgNP formation, including the reduction of silver ions and subsequent nucleation and growth on the viral surface. Furthermore, it explores the diverse range of viruses employed, such as bacteriophages (e.g., M13, T7), plant viruses (e.g., Tobacco mosaic virus), and even animal viruses, and their specific contributions to templating different AgNP architectures. The review also delves into the expanding applications of these virus-templated AgNPs in fields like antimicrobial agents, biosensing, catalysis, and targeted drug delivery, owing to their enhanced monodispersity, stability, and biocompatibility. Finally, it addresses the challenges and future directions in this evolving field, including scalability, optimization of synthesis parameters, and ensuring long-term stability and in vivo efficacy for biomedical applications.