Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
14
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article discusses euphemisms in the novel “Martin Eden” by the famous American writer Jack London, and
interprets the translation of some English euphemisms into Uzbek in context.
KEYWORDS
Euphemisms, speech culture, stylistics, positive coloring, taboo, restricted words.
INTRODUCTION
The novel "Martin Eden" was written by the great
writer Jack London and was first published in The
Pacific Monthly in 1908-1909, and in 1909 it was
published as a separate book by the Macmillan
Company. The word euphemism comes from the
Greek words eu- "good" and phemi- "I am speaking"
and is a word used in spoken or written speech that is
emotive because of its neutral "function" and is used
instead of rude or "indecent" words. Firstly, this term
was used by the English captain J. Cook in 1777.
"Euphemisms first appeared in the English language in
the 12th-15th centuries. In the 14th century, French
culture begins to become a tradition, which is also
reflected in the language. R. Burchfilid, a scientist who
Research Article
EUPHEMSM IN ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATION (IN THE EXAMPLE OF
JACK LONDON’S NOVEL MARTIN EDEN)
Submission Date:
April 01, 2023,
Accepted Date:
March 05, 2023,
Published Date:
April 08, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue04-03
Khajieva Feruza Melsovna
Dsc, Associate Professor Bukhara State University Department Of English Literary Studies, Uzbekistan
Gayratova Dilnora Gayrat Qizi
Bukhara State University, Ma Student Of The Department Of English Literary Studies, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
15
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
studies the history of the English language, while
conducting research on the example of euphemistic
units of Chaucer's verse, admits that euphemism is a
very convenient methodological tool of poetry.
MAIN PART
We can find many euphemistic devices in the play and
Jack London used it skillfully. We will analyze the
euphemisms below.
“All these were blotted out by a grotesque and terrible
nightmare brood
—
frowsy, shuffling creatures from
the pavements of Whitechapel, gin-bloated
hags of the stews, and all the vast hell's following of
harpies, vile-mouthed and filthy, that under the guise
of monstrous female form prey upon sailors, the
scrapings of the ports, the scum and slime of the
human pit”.[6, 5]
In the passage given above, we can take the word
"creatures" as a euphemistic device. Here, it is a
euphemism used to describe the girls around Martin.
From the text itself, we can know that all the girls,
women, and all the events around him are a bad dream
that surrounds Martin, and the phrase "beautiful" is
used to describe Martin's life. No matter how hard
Martin tried, he couldn't get out of this quagmire. No
matter where he looked, he saw the same disgusting
environment. Like, he couldn't get out of this
environment at all, and the dream of reaching Ruth
forced him to wake up, act, and raise his level. Judging
from the content of the book, he described the
creatures of different nations in this place. For
example, when we think of Mexican women, we have
before our eyes Mexican girls with roses on their
foreheads, wearing long skirts, cigarettes not coming
out of their mouths, fake Japanese women and women
of other nationalities whose faces look like dolls. He
was acting with his soul. He was constantly traveling
to his world of books. He read books in any field, from
any place. His highest goal was to reach his beloved, to
go to Ruth perfectly. Ruth became interested in Martin
the first day she saw him. Ruth's life could not be called
very wonderful, because she was only in a shell,
unaware of the outside world. But unfortunately, Ruth
was not aware of this. He thought that his world was
all existence and emptiness. In the passage mentioned
above, the different ways of life of two people, who
are different in every respect, were reflected.
“Baldly as he had stated it, in his eyes was a rich vision
of that hot, starry night at Salina Cruz, the white strip
of beach, the lights of the sugar steamers in the harbor,
the voices of the drunken sailors in the distance, the
jostling stevedores, the flaming passion in the
Mexican's face, the glint of the beast-eyes in the
starlight, the sting of the steel in his neck, and the rush
of blood, the crowd and the cries, the two bodies, his
and the Mexican's, locked together, rolling over and
over and tearing up the sand, and from away off
somewhere the mellow tinkling of a guitar”. [6, 7]
We can take the word "drunken" as a euphemism in
the above passage. We could also use the words
"drunkard", "drinker", "pianist". Such unpleasant
words certainly sound rude, and Jack London once
again proved his writing skills by using the word
"drunk" instead. If we pay close attention to the
passage, the description of the environment, starry
night, white coastline, and the use of the word
"drunken sailor" along with the words "steamboat
lights" are beautiful in every way and add a special
elegance to the passage. it is no exaggeration to say.
In this place, the writer also expressed parallelism, at
the beginning of the piece, he not only describes a
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
16
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
beautiful scene, but also mentions the two people who
are fighting and their reddened bodies from the fist,
and the blood flowing from them, and in order to give
additional pleasure to this scene, he adds music to it.
“He turned off the gas, and the spri
ngs shrieked under
his div." But you've got to quit cussin', Martin, old
boy; you've got to quit cussin'," he said aloud. [6, 38]
In the above passage, we can take the phrase "to quit
cussin'" as a euphemism. Now we will explain why this
phrase is a euphemistic tool. When we hear the word
swearing, it always comes to our mind to insult
someone with bad words and say bad words to him.
This quality was enough for Martin, and it didn't seem
strange to his world. As far as Ruth was concerned, she
had to get rid of this character completely. That's why
the passage above has written a very important
characteristic for Martin to do. Ruth's vocabulary did
not contain swearing or any words related to it. He
knew that Martin used such words constantly, it was
not difficult for Ruth to understand, the wrong use of
such words was known from the mistakes in his choice
of words when speaking.
She wanted to lean toward this burning, blazing man
that was like a volcano spouting forth strength,
robustness, and health. She felt that she must lean
toward him, and resisted by an effort. Then, too, there
was the counter impulse to shrink away from him. . His
romance and adventure were battering at the
conventions”.[6, 21]
We can call the passage given above without any
hesitation a skillfully drawn picture of euphemism,
because this passage was mentioned by Ruth, and it is
described by the girl Martin very carefully and skillfully
without any harsh words. Through the phrase "She
wanted to lean toward this burning" we can
understand how such a rude person could captivate a
girl like a fairy, but at the same time, Rufus did not
know that he was afraid of this young man and that he
loved her. The next sentence is "He wanted to throw
himself into the bosom of a strong young man." This
desire was so strong that the girl could barely suppress
herself. But at the same time, some feeling kept him
away from Martin" is proof of this. It was not difficult
to know the scars on Martin's neck, the hardships he
faced during his life and his modest life through the
phrase "reddened neck". The environment he lived in
until that age was expressed by Jack London in his
scars. The young man's rude, uncivilized behavior and
his inability to choose the right words at the moment
seemed to insult Ruth. For a girl who was completely
ignorant of Martin's life and spent her whole life only
in luxury and luxury, such a meeting would make her
uncomfortable on the one hand, and on the other
hand, her love for Martin would increase. "A young
man's life full of romance and adventure" is a
euphemistic sentence that means that Martin from
Salty has not known what romance is all his life, and the
word "adventure" for Martin is only earning money,
paying rent to a stingy pooch, and having fun with his
friends. , expressed the meaning of filling one's
stomach. He would spend the money he collected
from one adventure for a certain period of time, and as
his money dwindled, he would look for another
adventure. During these adventures, he suffered from
various difficulties, diseases, starvation, and only scars
remained as a reminder of such adventures. The
romance and adventure in Martin's mind were nothing
like the adventures Ruth knew. That is why these two
categories of people never understood each other. At
first sight, Martin felt a very warm attitude towards
Rufus, while Rufus accepted his actions and words as
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
17
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
insults towards him, and that is why this meeting left
different impressions for two categories of people.
“He had felt her hand in his,
he had looked into her
eyes and caught a vision of a beautiful spirit;
—
but no
more beautiful than the eyes through which it shone,
nor than the flesh that gave it expression and form. He
did not think of her flesh as flesh,
—
which was new to
him; for of the women he had known that was the only
way he thought. Her flesh was somehow different".[6,
25]
In the next passage quoted above, euphemisms are
also very artistically described. The main euphemism
here is the word “div”. The same word for div had
a different meaning for two categories of people.
When Martin always thought about the div, he only
thought about the time he spent with the women on
the street, some of whom he remembered and some
of whom he forgot, but this time Martin did not think
about anything else, he was just next to Ruth. he was
happy that he got up. He even beautifully described
that elegant div as the abode of his soul, and we can
see from the passage that this was something new for
him. For Martin, Ruth's div was a completely
unnatural div, as if it was free of any disease and
defects. Apparently, the girl's soul and div are
perfect and there is no room for any bad dreams in
front of her, because this div has reached divine
perfection, it was the most beautiful expression of the
divine essence. Since Martin was using this word for
the first time, he did not have a clear impression of its
true meaning. He had neither read nor used this word
before, nor was he interested in its true meaning. Yes,
now he was actually meeting with a div that
corresponded to that divine word, and now there was
no need to explain this word to him. And the hero of
the play was a crime to touch such a theology, but he
never thought about it, it was just a pleasure to sit next
to him. Unfortunately, it was only Martin's
imagination, and Rufus did not know whether to
approach him or to move away from him. His feelings
towards Martin were unknown. He saw more fear in
Martin's div. Because this fear gave him peace, he
did not know how to avoid Martin or approach him.
“In one way, he had undergone a moral revolution. Her
cleanness and purity had reacted upon him, and he felt
in his being a crying need to be clean.
Now Martin was trying hard to match this divine fairy.
The proof of this is clearly shown in the above-
mentioned passage, and in this passage we can take
the word tidy as a euphemistic device. In order to
match Rufus, Martin needs to be clean not only
physically, but also mentally and mentally. He started
cleaning from the first hygiene, he bought hygiene
tools for himself. He began to pay special attention to
his teeth and hands, as if he was getting closer to Ruth.
Then, under the leadership of Rufus, he began to pay
attention to mental purity. Look at this, he didn't even
know where the books were in the library, but after he
chose the path of order, he began to travel to the
world of books by himself. When he entered the
library, he did not know which book to get and became
dizzy. He was ready to face any difficulties in the way
of freedom and tried his best. The library completely
attracted him, when he first stepped into it, he did not
know which book to choose, whose book to read, and
from whom to get recommendations in this field. He
was ashamed to ask the librarian, and he was ashamed
to ask Ruth, because it was a very simple thing, and he
was afraid that Ruth would find out that he didn't even
know that. Nevertheless, he took a book that he liked
and started reading. The goal is just to be completely
tidy.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
18
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
CONCLUSION
Fiction is an example of cultural communication as a
reflection of real life. In literature, euphemisms serve
as a means of expressing speech culture. Each person
differs from other creatures due to his sweet language
and manners, and at the same time, he shows his
manners, knowledge, and education through his
manners and manners. As we have seen in the
passages given above, each correctly chosen
euphemism had a special effect on the content of the
work and increased the aesthetic value of the work.
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(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
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03
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
14-20
SJIF
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FACTOR
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705
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OCLC
–
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Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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03
I
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Pages:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
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)
(2023:
6.
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)
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–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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