Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
82
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
82-90
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article investigates the American writer Laila Lalami’s
novel “The Moor’s Account” and presents a stylistic analysis
of the American flora in the example of pecans, magnolia and prickly pears.
KEYWORDS
Metaphor, metonymy, epithet, paraphrase, parallel construction, flora.
INTRODUCTION
A biographical novel, which is considered a unique
form of a work of art, mainly focuses on the life and
activities of the main character. In addition, it fully
descri Modern American novelist L. Lalami’s
novel “The
Moor’s Account” dramatizes the life of Mustafa al
-
Zamori. Moreover it colorfully describes the nature of
the American continent. The travelogue provides
belles-lettres description about a number of plants that
appeared in the southern lands of North America and
are still preserved and cultivated to present days.
These are pecans, magnolia trees and prickly pear
plants.
Research Article
THE LITERARY EMBODIMENT OF FLORA IN LAILA LALAMI’S
BIOGRAPHICAL NOVEL “THE MOOR’S ACCOUNT”
Submission Date:
February 17, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 22, 2023,
Published Date:
February 27, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue02-15
Khajieva Feruza Melsovna
Doctor Of Science, Associate Professor Bukhara State University Department Of English Literature, Uzbekistan
Rajabova Zebiniso Anvarovna
Master Student Of The English Literature Department Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
83
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
82-90
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The plant which is typical of the American flora is
represented to the reader with the help of paraphrasis
in the chapter “THE STORY OF THE YGUACES”. This is a
pecan (pecans), which tastes and looks like a wallnut.
The description is given in the following way.
“In the summer, the Yguaces struck their camp and
moved southward to the bank of a long and winding
river, which in their language is called the River of Nuts.
All along its slopes were leafy trees that yield a fruit
much like the walnut, although the shell is smoother in
appearance and the seed sweeter in taste. The Yguaces
fed on these nuts for the entire summer and harvested
more for the cold months.” [1,104]
Popular scientific sources indicate that the pecan is a
woody plant belonging to the nut family. "It is
common in the southern United States, in the southern
provinces of Iowa and Indiana, as well as in Texas and
Mississippi. The fruits of this tree-outwardly resemble
a walnut and are used in cooking.” [24]
Mustafa, the protagonist of the novel is not familiar
with this type of nut. So, author does not give the
contemporary and known name of the plant, which is
pecan. Instead she uses stylistic paraphrases and
describes its appearance and taste. A witty reader will
definitely guess this as it reminds him a pecan nut. In
the novel the reader reads about it from Mustafa’s
vision. The protagonist tells the story of pecan nuts.
How they found nuts in the American forests, and how
these nuts served as a food for the surviving members
of the ship, how they often found those nuts on the
banks of the river, which was called the “River of Nuts”
in the language of the indigenous people
–
native
Indians. The author mentions that the appearance of
this walnut differs from that of the common walnut in
that it has a flat shell and the seed inside is sweeter
than that of the walnut.
“A fruit much like the walnut, although the shell is
smoother in appearance and the seed sweeter in
taste” in the sentence, a logical comparison and a
parallel construction can be observed. The author calls
the pecan a fruit and compares one type of nut with
another, saying that it looks like a walnut. This is a
mental process of comprehension and cognitive
perception of the world inherent in every person, and
the taste and retention of a new plant in a new world
indicates such states as adaptation to it. Also in the
sentence, you can observe the repetition of the sound
[S], that is, the phenomenon of alliteration.
This nut, native to Florida, is still considered a common
type of nuts. “the shell is smoother in appearance and
the seed sweeter in taste” the design has a parallel
structure, which indicates that the shape and taste of
the walnut are different from ordinary walnuts. You
can also observe an ellipsis in the sentence. In the
structure “the seed sweeter in taste” the
predicative“is” is omitted. Thus, the author managed
to create a phonetic phenomenon of lowering
intonation when reading a sentence, creating restraint
in speech. For the Native Indians, the pecan was a very
important food source, and there is a lot of it in the
country in summer and winter. It is worth noting that
even today pecans are consumed in large quantities in
America.
In the chapter “THE STORY OF THE YGUACES” you can
read about the magnolia plant, which not only belongs
to the American flora, but is also found in many places
around the world. This chapter of the work describes
how the main character Mustafa and his Spanish
companions lived among the Iguazu tribe and learned
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
84
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
82-90
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
from them the secrets of medicine, their culture and
lifestyle. The aliens also tried to make friends with the
indigenous peoples by studying their language and the
plant world. During this period, he began to believe
that they could stay here, confessing their fate. Then
Mustafa enjoyed the beautiful view while relaxing in
nature. The immaculately beautiful Magnolia flower
and its fragrance are described below.
“LITTLE BY LITTLE, the Land of th
e Indians, which I had
viewed first as a place of fantasy and later as a
temporary destination, became more real to me, and I
began to take greater notice of its beauty. Often, I took
a break from my work just to sit under the lilting
branches of a magnolia tree and smell its fragrant
flowers. Or I would watch the dance of dragonflies and
the flitting of hummingbirds all around me, and, for a
while at least, I would stop worrying about the fate of
the world or the end of my exile. At night, when
everyone settled down to sleep, I watched the peerless
evening skies or listened to the crickets singing to their
mates.” [1, 105]
The Magnolia plant is described in popular scientific
sources as follows. Magnolia (lat. Magnolia) is a genus
of flowering plants of the Magnoliaceae family,
including about 240 species. The plant was named by
Charles Plumier in honor of the French botanist Pierre
Magnol in 1703. Later, the name of this flower was used
by Carl Linnaeus in his book “Species plantarum”
(1753). In other languages it is known similarly
“Magnolia". Magnolias grow in North America and East
Asia (China, Korea, Japan).” [24]
This tree-like flower appears to be a plant belonging to
the flora of North America, and Lalami describes the
beauty of this flower, its swaying in the wind through a
metaphorical epithet. In the fragment “lilting branches
of a magnolia tree”, the lexical meaning of the word
“lilt” means “melody”, “rhythm”. In the dictionary
“lilting branches” the word “lilt” was used in the
meaning of branches that fluctuate in rhythm, turning
into an adjective. The reader who reads this statement
depicts how the wind blows in the air like music, and
the branches of the magnolia dance like a dancer. The
description “tickles” reader’s olfactory and auditory
sensations.
In the same chapter of the “The Moor’s Account” Laila
Lalami also artistically expressed the Plane Plant
(prickly pear), belonging to the cactus family of the
American flora.
“Prickly pear” (Lot. Opuntia) belongs to the cactus
family. In terms of species diversity, their number
reaches about 300, this genus is the most numerous in
the cactus family. Prickly pear is common in vast
territories of North and South America, including the
West Indies. Almost half of the pear species are found
in Mexico, which is the main growing region of the
plant. Prickly pear is also used for food. The buds and
fruits of cactus are edible. Prickly pear has been grown
as livestock feed in a number of countries in recent
years.” [24]
In America, this plant is eaten raw or cooked. Jam is
also made from it.
The following example shows the description of this
plant. The author used tropes and stylistic figures in the
fragment to depicts the cactus land in the chapter
“River of Prickly Pears” This place was inhabited b
y the
Yguaces tribe. The author used lexical and syntactic
stylistic techniques in order to highlight the toponymic
features of the land of cacti.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
85
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
82-90
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
“THE NEXT STOP in the peregrinations of the
Yguaces was the River of Prickly Pears. I had never seen
so much of the fruit in one place before
—
(the valley
was an ocean of green, dotted everywhere with red
and orange. All the Indians from the coast gathered
here for the month, feeding on the fruit and little
else (irony). Here they traded feathers or beads or
tools. Here they came to find a match for a son or to
buy a new wife. Here they exchanged news about
births or deaths. Here they heard about wars with
hostile tribes, here they told about their dreams, here
they repeated rumors of alien invasions
—
and here
they came to get a closer look at the bearded men”.
(...)
Harvesting prickly pears was not an easy task; spikes
would inevitably lodge themselves on my fingertips, no
matter how careful I was. After a long day of working
in the bushes, I went with Castillo to soak in the river. I
sat in the cool water, with my fingers raking against the
current. It was so soothing I let out a long sigh of relief.
The mosquitoes buzzed in the air around us, but
mercifully the flies hovered around the mountain of
fresh peels by the camp and left us alone. [1, 107]
Another important aspect of this passage is that it
forms a poetic image of the space in which cacti grow.
In a sentence separated by a hyphen, the author uses
metaphors and metonymies to create a colorful and
lively landscape that clarifies the perception of this
space in the reader’s mind.
“I had never seen so much of the fruit in one place
before
—
the valley was an ocean (metaphor,
hyperbole) of green, dotted everywhere with red and
orange (metonymy).
Linguistic-stylistic analysis of this sentence shows that
several means have combined in the sentence to form
a stylistic convergence. in an excerpt from “The Valley
was an ocean of Green, dotted Everywhere with Red
and orange”, the word “ocean” was bot
h hyperbole
and metaphor. Because although the dictionary
meaning of the word “ocean” refers to water as a
natural phenomenon and a source from which water is
collected, in the context of this cactus plant indicates
the abundance of the prickly pear tree. Words
“green”, “red”, “orange” are metonymies. “Green”
stands for a cactus tree and its leaves, and the words
“red” and “orange” are its fruits. Very briefly and
concisely describes the prickly pear or the space in
which the prickly pear grows in the language of
Mustafa. The next sentence emphasizes the strategic
importance of this place with the help of syntactic
stylistic means. The author sarcastically described that
with the help of zeugma, Indians come to this place
once a month to eat the fruit and another small reason.
Parallelism describes the importance of the place in the
life of local Indians. They traded; chose a spouse for
marriage; exchanged news about death, birth, war,
hostile tribes; learned about various rumors. At the
same time, they also came to this place to see the
bearded people up close. Here bathos caused a humor
as bearded people are the Spaniard who came to
invade New Lands. This reality is connected with the
historical and social roots. Rising tone emphasizing the
importance of the River of Prickly Pears suddenly falls
with the last phrase “to get a closer look at the
bearded men”. Bearded people were new event in the
life Indians. Moreover, they were of white and black
complexion, totally different from their red colored
skin. They spoke another language and were healing
people with herbs. That caused much noise around. It
was like a thunder for indigenous people. Humorous
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
86
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
82-90
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
effect of the sentence is that Lalami could find that
subtle moment to show the importance of the
strangers equating them to the entire political and
social life of tribes. Lalami emphasized the sensational
event, exaggerated the details, enhanced the
emotional meaning with the help of bathos and
parallel construction. The passage also describes that
picking prickly pear is an extremely time-consuming
job, during which the prickles stick into the hands, and
the fingers bleed.
CONCLUSION
Our analysis shows that L.Lalami enriched the work
with a geographical and botanical environment,
artistically describing the flora typical of the southern
lands of North America in her biographical novel “The
Moor’s Account”. A characteristic aspect of the
description of mangrove trees, pecan, magnolia
flower, prickly pear plants growing in America are
described in artistic language using paraphrasis,
metaphor, metonymy, epithet and other syntactical
stylistic devices.
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
82-90
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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Pages:
82-90
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