Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
70
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
70-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
People's writer of Uzbekistan Gafur Ghulam has a special place in Uzbek literature as the owner of a unique personal
artistic style. As an example of his story "My child is a thief", it is thought that young people unknowingly enter the
street of crime, that this work is dangerous, and that a person has an important place in life through honest work. The
article analyzes Gafur Ghulam's ability to create national images on the example of a story. In this way, the role of the
images in Uzbek criminalistic works, the role of issues such as describing national peculiarities and the preservation
of the spirit of the times in the development of their character in the art of artistic works will be shown.
KEYWORDS
Criminologist, criminal, criminology, "thief boy", "black grandmother", interpretation of heroes entering the crime
streets, problem of creating charackter.
INTRODUCTION
Education received at a young age plays a very
important role in a person's development into a certain
character. The upbringing received in the later stages
of a person's life has little effect on his character. That
is why it is necessary to deal with child education from
his youth. Because the future of the country and the
nation, its fate depends on the education, skills and
qualifications of the youth. Especially now, the need
for education based on the spirit of the times, national,
Research Article
THE PROBLEM OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN UZBEK CRIMINAL PROSE
Submission Date:
November 05, 2022,
Accepted Date:
November 15, 2022,
Published Date:
November 26, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume02Issue11-11
Sultonova Dilnoza Soxibjonovna
Namamgan State University World Languages Faculty, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
71
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
70-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
historical heritage, traditions, and values is increasingly
felt. In this, of course, the role of fiction is
incomparable. Children often travel to the world of
fiction from a young age. That is, by listening to poems,
fairy tales, stories, to be kind to peers, brothers, sisters,
to be correct, honest, intelligent, following the
example of positive characters, and to negative
characters. they try not to be alike, and most
importantly, they grow up to be perfect people.
The centuries-old development of fiction testifies to
the fact that it penetrates more and more deeply into
the inner world, the connections and mutual relations
with the external existence that surrounds them.
Man is not considered the main subject of literature
just because he has taken the leading place in terms of
quantity in artistic works. The reason why it has
become the main subject in literature is that it is
depicted in works of art in connection with its nature
and character, thoughts and feelings. Writers often use
natural scenes to effectively show the character and
fate of people.
The term "criminology" (lat. "criminal" - "crime",
Greek. "logos" - "teaching" - literally means "the
science of crime") was first used at the end of the 19th
century - In 1908, the Austrian scientist Hans Gross, in
his "Handbook for investigators as a system of
criminology", applied to the science that studies the
techniques, tactics and methods of crime investigation
.
Criminology is the science of technical means, tactical
methods and methods used to perform the actions
provided for by the law of criminal procedure on the
search, collection, recording and research of evidence
in order to solve and prevent a crime .
Since literary works are taken directly from life, the
laws related to this science cannot be directly reflected
in the works. No person is born a criminal in life. Various
factors affect his entry into the street of crime. But in
any case, the fight against crime and the prevention of
crime can be the task of fiction as well as the science of
criminology. After all, by highlighting the roots of
certain crimes, describing the hero's involvement in
the street of crime, the writer tries to protect his
readers from entering this ugly world.
We read in the scientific literature: "The subject of
criminology is the mechanism of crime, the creation of
information about the crime and its participants, the
laws of collection, verification, evaluation and use of
evidence, and special methods of investigating and
preventing crimes based on their knowledge. a set of
tools and methods" .
If we read the works of world-famous criminalist
writers Arthur Conan Doyle, English Agatha Christie in
this direction, we will witness that literary works can
fight against crime in life, just like criminalists.
The artistic value of criminalistic works in fiction is also
high in this respect.
CRIMINOLOGY | Lot. crimen, criminis
—
crime + wool.
logos
—
doctrine] Science that studies the causes and
conditions of crime, and methods of combating and
preventing it.
Thus, criminology can be defined as the science of
crime, its causes and victims, the criminal personality,
and measures to prevent crime .
As mentioned above, criminology as a science was
formed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This
discipline is closely related to criminal justice, criminal
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
72
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
70-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
law, criminology, administrative law, as well as forensic
medicine, forensic psychiatry, etc.
The general theory of criminology, criminology
techniques, criminology tactics, and investigation and
prevention of specific types of crime are the most
important branches of criminology. In the works of art,
especially in Uzbek literature, we can clarify our
thoughts in detail by the example of the works of Gafur
Ghulam and Tahir Malik.
Gafur Ghulam is a major representative of Uzbek
literature of the 20th century. He is a great word artist
who made a great contribution to the development of
Uzbek poetry, art, publicism, philology, comic
storytelling, humorous storytelling and translation.
Adib also wrote many lyrical-dramatic stories. He
showed them the human tragedy and the environment
and conditions that made them like this. In 1965, he
published the lyrical-dramatic story "My Thieving
Child". The author commented that this story is a true
story.
This story is a mature, perfect work at the level of
world storytelling. Humanity, which is the heart of
Gafur Ghulam's work, has a special place in it. He
actively protected a hard-working, pure, honest person
who lives by his own intelligence, by his own skin, and
strives to improve life and society, and fought for his
destiny, today and tomorrow with the heart of an artist
throughout his life.
In the story "My Thieving Child", based on a simple
incident he witnessed, he shows a cruel society and a
person who, even in such conditions, did not lose the
slightest bit of his humanity and kindness. The writer
tells the story of his parents' death and his three sisters
returning to their home when they were left in the
hands of their grandmother - "black grandmother". It
was the time of the First World War, a time when "time
went backwards", all the peasants were broke, there
was no work, everyone was hungry and naked. An
ordinary peasant, unemployed young man, unable to
support his two children, wife and mother, is forced to
steal. At night, when she goes to the roof of the "black
grandmother", she sneezes from the roof. Thinking
about the fate of the orphans, the "black
grandmother" says, "It hurts, my child, after all, your
profession is delicate, can't you write down your
history?" The kind and sincere attitude of the "Black
Grandmother" also opens the heart of the thief. They
are on the roof, the old woman is in pain below, they
talk about the war, the poor life of the people, the city
is full of orphans, in short, the sky is far, the earth is
hard. The thief's words reveal the bribery of the
centurions, the brutality of the rich and the officials,
and the regime. At the same time, the writer
emphasizes that these poor people still have a sense of
humanity, humanity, and compassion: the "black
grandmother" invites the thief to drink tea with the
only two loaves of bread she has in her house, and he
says, "You'll recognize me. , I am ashamed," he says.
"Black grandmother" has a half-pound pot in the
house, and now it doesn't even have enough
ingredients for cooking. He says, "You'll make it the
day you buy it, you're just a thief." The thief does not
give up, he hopes for better days in the future. It seems
that the story creates a sincere, truly human
atmosphere typical of a real mother-child relationship,
which soothes and convinces the reader.
The story "My Only Thief" is not called a "true story"
for nothing. Because the story is based on a life event
witnessed by the writer as a child, it has an
autobiographical character.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
73
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
70-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In fact, a burglar breaking into a person's home is an
emergency. But as we have seen, in this story, a thief
enters the yard of orphans in a quiet manner, as if it
were an everyday event. The answer to the question of
why this is so should be sought from the nature of the
time in which the events of the work took place.
Well, at that time - in September of 1917, who was
ruling the country, in whose hands was the fate of the
people? Why did these rulers make the people live so
hard?
With the surrender of the Kokhan Khanate in 1865,
Turkestan became a colony of the Russian Empire. The
country was governed by military men called
"governor-general" from Russia, who appointed
people who listened to them as commanders of
thousands and fifty. The leadership of the empire,
which intended to keep Turkestan only as a country of
raw materials, did not want the development of
industry and the construction of enterprises
processing agricultural products here. Centers of
science and education were behind the times, and no
effort was made to develop them. Russian-style
schools, where Gafur Ghulam studied, were actually
opened in order to train businessmen who would not
deviate from the lines drawn by the colonialists. In the
country of Turkestan with a high birth rate,
unemployment was increasing, and others saw the
wealth created by the people's labor.
If we approach the story "My Thieving Boy" from this
context, we know that theft had already become a
common phenomenon in this country. In the face of
the daily theft of those who are at the top of the
country, it was no longer an extraordinary event for
one poor person to become a thief of another helpless
person.
From the words and actions of the "painful boy", we
can see that he has not been on this path for a long
time. The most important thing is that he is not one of
those people who, as he puts it, "make a lot of faces".
This guy has a sense of shame. He doesn't even like
what he is forced to do. We can see this from the fact
that the thief returned to his true human form after
having trouble with the old woman. He does not touch
the orphans. As if sensing these qualities of the thief in
advance, the old woman affectionately calls him "my
thief." In fact, this appeal is not from the old woman's
tongue, it seems to come from the heart of the writer.
After all, Gafur Ghulam, who experienced the
sufferings of his people in his own life, shared the pain
of his compatriots, could not help feeling sorry for the
"sick child" and indifferent to his fate.
The "burden" of Gafur Ghulam's story is extremely
large and serious, the burden of the people's pain
embedded in the text of this wonderful story.
While we are talking about the reasons that forced "my
only child" to do this dirty, "disgraceful" work, I feel
that the pains of the "black grandmother" who took
care of the orphaned orphan "like a mother sparrow"
are no less than hers. we do The reader who is closely
familiar with the work may not be able to fully imagine
the situation of the "black grandmother" and her
grandchildren, as they have certain food and drink
every day, and the blond hair that they choose in every
season of the year. Through literature, the reader
learns to closely feel and understand the pain and
feelings of others. Only if the heart of the reader is
open to the problems, dreams and aspirations of
people who lived in a different environment, especially
our compatriots, the reader becomes an integral part
of the huge sea called the nation, its true child.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
74
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
70-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
If we look at it from this point of view, we can
understand how much pain it is for Roqiyabibi, who is
over eighty years old and barely able to support
herself, to feed four orphans every day. Only then, in
the image of this devoted mother, the warmth of the
Uzbek mother's love, consequence, humanity, and
compassion will be fully manifested.
In this story, we can see that Gafur Ghulam told a story
in a very juicy language, fluently and in a way that
matches the spirit of the people. The reader quickly
falls into the atmosphere of events in the story "My
Thief Boy", and the cool air of September makes our
flesh shiver. It can also be seen from the explanation of
words
and
phrases
that
are
somewhat
incomprehensible to today's youth that the writer
effectively used the vocabulary of the people of that
time in his work. In the words of the "black
grandmother" and the "sore boy", their age,
profession and experience show themselves. The most
important thing is that the feelings of sympathy for the
people that we mentioned - Gafur Ghulam - are
transferred to these two characters, and are absorbed
into the layers of their behavior towards each other. If
we pay attention to the old woman's pity for the "sick
child" and urge him to be careful, what else could the
poor old woman do? At least he wants to sympathize
with his admonition, pity for the fate of the violent
thief. Maybe it is because of feeling this love and
human relationship that the "sad child" calls the old
woman "mother" while saying goodbye, listens to her
words and says "OK".
A reader who gets to know the story closely will feel
warmth and pity for these two people, as well as some
sadness. This song is in harmony with the human
feelings born in the heart of Gafur Ghulam, who
understood the past of his people.
One nation differs from another by its language,
appearance, customs, way of thinking and dozens of
other features. Even though feelings such as love and
hate, joy and sadness are common to all mankind, their
manifestation differs between people of one
nationality and another. For example, if it is considered
natural for Russian women to show their joy in front of
everyone without hesitation, Uzbek women are not
full of joy, because of their high opinion, they prefer to
express their joy in a different way. If the national
identity is transferred to a person's div through his
ancestors, it is absorbed into his psyche by the gods he
grew up listening to, fairy tales. The writer and poet
develop the characteristics of his nation faster and
more fully than anyone else, and express them in bright
colors in his works.
In the works of art with real nationalism, the way of life,
customs and skills characteristic of a particular nation
are reflected based on the logic and purpose of the
work. Also, the convincing manifestation of aspects
similar to the same nation in the character of the
characters, their worldview, actions and words
increases the nationality of the work. In Gafur Ghulam's
short short story, we see a vivid expression of these
qualities.
In general, through this story "My thief child", the
writer was able to reflect the fate of a person who
entered the street of crime out of desperation, but
regretted his mistake.
REFERENCES
1.
Mamajonov S. Tanqidchi va adabiy jarayon. O’zbek
adabiyoti tanqidi (antologiya).- T.: Turon iqbol,
2011.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
75
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
70-75
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
2.
Solijonov Y. Hozirgi o’zbek hikoyasi // O’zbek tili va
adabiyoti, 2012.-
№ 4.
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Н.Каримов, С.Мамажонов, Б.Назаров ва бошq.
ХХ аср ўзбек адабиёти тарихи: Ун
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тлар ва пед.ин
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тлари бакалавр ихтисосини олувчилар учун
дарслик.
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Тошкент: Ўqитувчи, 1999.
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ошимов
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Hamidova M. Ideological And Artistic Features of
Shukur Kholmirzaev’s Works // The Americon
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Hamidova M. Interpretation of heroes in Shukur
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