International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
13-17
10.37547/ijmef/Volume05Issue01-03
Sustainable development of agriculture in our country
and foreign experiences
Asadullina Nailya Ramilevna
Dosent., Tashkent State Agrarian University, TSAU, Uzbekistan
Normurodov Sarvar Norboy o’g’li
Assistant., Independent researcher., Tashkent State Agrarian University, TSAU, Uzbekistan
Received:
19 October 2024;
Accepted:
22 December 2024;
Published:
09 January 2025
Abstract:
One of the main objectives of the agricultural sector is to meet the country's growing demand for
agricultural products in the future. The article highlights ideas for further development and enhancing the
efficiency of farms and the importance of new technologies, foreign experience and innovation in the
development and sustainability of the agricultural sector.
Keywords:
Economic reforms, innovations, investments, dekhkan and farm enterprises, agricultural sector,
product development, economic liberalization, labor force.
Introduction:
Today our society update, democratic of
processes development many in terms of village on the
farm reforms how many effective passing with depends
on that because also our government by the village
reform to do state on a scale separately attention is
being given.
In the future of our country village household to their
products was need satisfaction fer - mayor farms to the
front placed main position - from the phalanx is one
This requires further development of farms and
increasing their efficiency.
Relevance of the research topic
. As one of the main
goals of structural economic reform of agriculture in
our country, it is of great importance to provide the
population with food products and raw materials for
industrial enterprises on the basis of sustainable
development and increased competitiveness of the
sector in the conditions of modernization and
diversification of the economy.
It is necessary to take additional measures to fill the
domestic market of Uzbekistan with products produced
in our country, which are of higher quality and cheaper
than imported goods, and to more fully meet the
growing demands and needs of the population.
Therefore, for the next stages of agricultural
development, deepening of market reforms and
further liberalization of the economy, rapid
development of the private sector, ensuring an
increase in its share in the country's economy,
deepening and expanding the scope of work on the
further development of small business and farming,
deepening reforms in banking and financial systems,
etc. it is necessary to recognize that priority directions
have been set.
In particular, the development of farms operating on
the principles of developing property relations,
increasing material benefits, and guarantees of free
and independent activity have also been identified as
priority tasks, and great attention is being paid to
improving their legal framework in accordance with the
requirements of a market economy. As a result of the
development of farms, new opportunities have been
created in the agricultural sector, which are manifested
in the following:
first, it led to the formation of the principles
of private property in the countryside and the
expansion of the ranks of real middle owners;
secondly, the issues of increasing the means
of production, i.e., the efficiency of property use and
the material interest of the members of the economy,
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
were resolved in an integral relationship;
thirdly, mechanisms for independent use of
cultivated products and sources of income, their free
distribution and disposal were formed;
fourthly, the cultivation of quality and
cheap products forces the use of measures to increase
the net profit of the farm;
fifth, farms independently carry out their
production and economic relations on the basis of
contracts concluded with other economic entities.
Taking into account the above and other advantages,
the organization and development of farms in our
republic is being carried out gradually, that is, step by
step. In our opinion, this approach is justified not only
in practical terms, but also in scientific and theoretical
terms. Because the principle of gradual deepening of
economic reforms in agriculture has been recognized
and practice proves its effectiveness. Because each
stage has its own characteristics and serves as the basis
for improving the legal and regulatory norms
corresponding to the stage that follows it.
In general, at the stages of development of the farming
movement, each of them has been assigned tasks that
are suitable for it and have been effectively
implemented, and this process has the character of
continuation.
Scientific problem statement
. The task facing
agriculture today is to increase productivity, reduce
losses during processing, and deliver them to the final
consumer. In this regard, it is worth noting a number of
important government decisions, including the
government program adopted to build fruit and
vegetable stores and industrial refrigerators in the
country.
However, existing power outages reduce the
profitability and efficiency of their programs, as well as
the safety of their products. In this regard, our
president on problems in the field of fruit and
vegetable growing:
"Uzbekistan has great potential in fruit and vegetable
production. The direction that is closest to the lifestyle
of our people and will give the fastest results in
constantly increasing the well-being of the population
is the organization of highly profitable intensive
production in agriculture. Taking into account the need
to fully utilize our existing potential and receive
correspondingly high income, this sector has been
reformed with great intensity in our country in recent
years," he emphasized.
Today, the most important issue facing the agriculture
of our republic is the creation of new jobs, additional
processing and processing, storage of horticultural
products, and expansion of services to increase
employment in rural areas. The well-being of farmers
and the rural population is steadily improving through
diversification
of
production
and
increased
productivity, which leads to an increase in the
productivity of agricultural producers. There are
positive results in this direction, which need to be
strengthened and further developed.
The most serious problem in agriculture is the technical
and technological lag in the renewal of fixed assets and
technological equipment, as well as the introduction of
information and communication technologies in the
sector.
Research objective
. The complexity of implementing
national and international scientific developments in
farming and agriculture in general is noted in a number
of agricultural problems. Increasing the economic
efficiency of agricultural production depends on many
factors, in particular, the use of new technologies and
equipment for agricultural production, training,
knowledge, skills, strengthening the flow of
information, etc. In agricultural enterprises, indicators
such as education, age, experience and qualifications of
employees and specialists, and the ability to creatively
approach work play a major role. For this reason, these
indicators are also taken into account in tenders for
organizing farms. When organizing farms, it is required
that the head of the farm has the above indicators,
which, in our opinion, is the right way. Because the
future fate and development of agriculture in our
country largely depends on their activities. However, as
a result of our observations, it became clear that the
qualifications, knowledge base, education, and
understanding of the market economy of farm
managers do not fully meet the requirements of the
time (Figure 1).
Scientific essence
. At present, it is expedient to
increase the level of personnel and their intellectual
potential in agriculture, in our opinion, in the future, by
forming the following system, in the process of
organizing the improvement of skills and retraining of
farm managers: management and marketing,
computer literacy, engineering and agronomy,
agricultural economics and market concepts, taxation,
banking and non-agricultural production with the help
of vocational schools and regional personnel training
centers, universities and vocational colleges. In turn,
the supply of knowledgeable, qualified and
experienced personnel leads to an increase in the
financial potential of the farm as a result of the rational
use of production resources in farms, increasing their
efficiency.
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
In addition, our republic has faced a number of
problems in the past in the production of agricultural
products by peasant and farm households. These
problems are still causing a slowdown in the production
of agricultural products by peasant and farm
households. In this regard, an important legal
document was adopted on the basis of the President of
our country's new approach in this area, dedicated to
radically improving the system of protecting the rights
and legitimate interests of peasant and farm household
landowners, as well as the system of using agricultural
land.
Figure 1. Training of personnel in the field of agriculture
and training system.
This regulatory document states that the majority of
farms are limited to the production of agricultural
products, do not have the appropriate modern
infrastructure to provide them with material and
technical resources and provide services, and the
financial situation of most farms does not allow them
to purchase modern technical equipment and
introduce advanced technologies and innovations.
indicated.
METHODS
In the past, although agricultural producers owned
private property, they were not given sufficient
freedom to grow profitable agricultural products and to
choose the type of crops they wanted to grow. Most of
the land was occupied by cotton and grain crops, and
there were cases where they were not allowed to grow
other types of products, which limited the
opportunities of peasants and farms.
In order to develop the agricultural sector in the future
and provide further freedom, the adopted regulatory
document stipulates that, starting from the 2018
harvest, the efficiency of land use by farms will be
discussed quarterly at district councils of people's
deputies, and the practice of discussing the arable land
of farmers and personal household landowners every
month at citizens' self-government bodies has been
established.
The same task will be carried out in relation to the
cancellation of rights to land plots, the imposition of
strict liability measures, ineffective use, incomplete
sowing of agricultural crops and untimely agricultural
activities of farmers, peasant farms and owners of
personal plots. From January 1, 2022, lease agreements
with farms that have not mastered diversified activities
will be canceled.
The government was tasked with developing livestock,
poultry, fisheries, horticulture, beekeeping, and other
sectors of agriculture, as well as preparing resolutions
to increase the efficiency of farms. As a result, the
opportunities for farmers and farms were limited.
In order to develop the agricultural sector in the future
and provide further freedom, the adopted regulatory
document stipulates that, starting from the 2018
harvest, the efficiency of land use by farms will be
discussed quarterly at district councils of people's
deputies, and the practice of discussing the arable land
of farmers and personal household landowners every
month at citizens' self-government bodies has been
established.
The same task will be carried out in relation to the
cancellation of rights to land plots, the imposition of
strict liability measures, inefficiently cultivated,
International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
incompletely sown agricultural crops, and farmers,
peasant farms, and owners of personal plots. Starting
from January 1, 2022, lease agreements with farms that
have not mastered diversified activities will be
canceled.
The government was tasked with preparing decisions
on the development of livestock, poultry, fisheries,
horticulture, beekeeping and other areas of
agriculture, as well as increasing the efficiency of farms.
In addition, it is planned to adopt a comprehensive
program of measures by the end of the year to increase
the efficiency and profitability of agriculture, in
particular, to mechanize cotton harvesting, as well as to
further improve labor relations through the
widespread introduction of market infrastructure,
innovations, scientific achievements, and modern
information and communication technologies.
RESULTS
This shows that very important reforms are being
implemented at the government level to develop the
agricultural sector in our republic and ensure its
economic sustainability in the future. In our opinion, it
is also important to attract investments to the
agricultural sector, inform farmers and farm managers
about the achievements of scientific and technical
development and innovations in the sector, and train
them in the skills to teach them the experience of the
agricultural sector in developed countries.
If we look at the agricultural experience of some
developed countries, the Netherlands, which ranks
second in the world in terms of agricultural exports
after the United States, cultivates 1 million hectares of
its land and exports agricultural products worth $102
billion. Uzbekistan has about 4 million hectares of land
suitable for agriculture, and cotton is grown on most of
this land, generating about $2 billion in annual income
from cotton and textile products.
The secret to the success of the Dutch agricultural
sector lies in the fact that farmers are given the
freedom to operate and the government has limited
interference in their activities. In addition, the
government
supports
new
technologies
and
innovations that serve the development of the sector,
and farmers are given the opportunity to freely choose
the crops they want to plant and determine the
direction of their production (Figure 2).
Figure 2. A system of innovation support and implementation in agriculture.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it should be said that, using foreign
experience, the application of scientific research results
and innovations to the production process, along with
all the factors for the development of the agricultural
sector of our country, will give significant economic
results. Due to the lack of integration of science,
education and production in this area, the penetration
and implementation of innovations in production
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International Journal of Management and Economics Fundamental (ISSN: 2771-2257)
enterprises is not sufficiently effective. Taking this into
account, it would be expedient to organize the
attraction of innovations and equipping the agricultural
sector with new technologies on the basis of the system
proposed above.
Offers
. Using these experiences, in order to develop
the agrarian sector in our country, to ensure the
stability of farmers and farms:
✓
first, the formation of the system of "digital
agriculture" and its implementation on a large scale.
✓
secondly, to give farms freedom to choose
agricultural crops and grow products, to support farm
innovations;
✓
third, introduction of high technology and
management-based practices in farms;
✓
fourth, to organize the integration of science
and technology with the agricultural sector;
✓
Fifth, farmers should be supported through
state programs to develop new technologies, conduct
research, improve product quality and reduce product
prices by implementing these technologies and
research results, coordinate the activities of producers,
researchers, and interested state bodies, improve the
logistics system, and promote local agricultural
products in foreign markets.
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