Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
35
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
35-38
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Metal oxides such as antimony oxide and lead oxide can be dissolved in alkaline-aqueous organic solutions through
various methods, including acid-base reactions, complexation, ion exchange, and redox reactions. These methods
involve manipulating factors such as pH, temperature, type of solvent, concentration of metal oxide, and presence of
other ions. By dissolving metal oxides, they can be extracted from various materials.
KEYWORDS
industry, metal, substance, antimony oxides, dissolution, reaction, ion.
INTRODUCTION
Dissolution refers to the process of a solid substance
(in this case, antimony oxides, lead oxides, and other
related metal oxides) being fully and uniformly mixed
into a liquid solution (in this case, an alkaline-aqueous
organic solution). This process results in the solid
substance becoming fully dispersed throughout the
liquid, creating a homogeneous mixture [4, 67].
Antimony oxides, lead oxides, and other related metal
oxides are commonly used in various industries,
including
electronics,
ceramics,
and
glass
manufacturing. However, these substances are often
in a solid form, which can be difficult to handle and mix
with other materials. To overcome this challenge, the
process of dissolution is used. Dissolution involves
mixing the solid substance with a liquid solution,
resulting in a homogeneous mixture. In the case of
antimony oxides, lead oxides, and other related metal
oxides, an alkaline-aqueous organic solution is
commonly used [2].
Research Article
THE DISSOLUTION OF ANTIMONY OXIDES, AND LEAD AND OTHER
RELATED METALS IN ALKALINE-AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS
Submission Date:
June 16, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 21, 2023,
Published Date:
June 26, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume03Issue06-10
Genjemuratova Gulkhan
Associate professor of the Berdakh Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan
Jumabayeva Janna Mahmud kizi
Assistant of the Berdakh Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
36
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
35-38
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The alkaline solution helps to break down the metal
oxides, while the organic solvent helps to dissolve
them. This process creates a uniform mixture that can
be easily incorporated into other materials or used as a
coating. Dissolution of antimony oxides, lead oxides,
and other related metal oxides in alkaline-aqueous
organic solutions is an important process for many
industries. It allows for the efficient use of these
substances and helps to create high-quality products
[6, 19].
Spheres of usage of dissolution of antimony oxides,
and lead and other related metal oxides in alkaline-
aqueous organic solutions include:
1. Extraction of metals: The dissolution of metal oxides
in alkaline-aqueous organic solutions can be used for
the extraction of metals such as antimony, lead, and
others. This method is particularly useful in the mining
industry, where metal ores are treated with alkaline
solutions to dissolve metal oxides and extract the
metal.
2. Environmental remediation: Metal oxides are often
found in contaminated soils and waters, posing a risk
to human health and the environment. The dissolution
of metal oxides in alkaline-aqueous organic solutions
can be used to remove these contaminants from soil
and water, making them safe for human use.
3. Catalyst preparation: Metal oxides such as antimony
oxide and lead oxide are widely used as catalysts in
various chemical reactions. Dissolving these metal
oxides in alkaline-aqueous organic solutions can help
prepare highly active catalysts for use in industrial
processes.
4. Electroplating: The dissolution of metal oxides in
alkaline-aqueous organic solutions can be used in
electroplating processes to deposit metal coatings on
various substrates. This method is commonly used in
the electronics industry to deposit thin layers of metal
on semiconductor substrates.
5. Battery manufacturing: Metal oxides such as lead
oxide are commonly used in the manufacturing of
batteries. Dissolving these metal oxides in alkaline-
aqueous organic solutions can help prepare the
electrolytes used in battery cells, improving their
performance and lifespan [1, 49-54].
Importance of dissolution of antimony oxides, and lead
and other related metal oxides in alkaline-aqueous
organic solutions.
1. Improved handling: Dissolving metal oxides in
alkaline-aqueous organic solutions makes them easier
to handle and mix with other materials. This allows for
more efficient and accurate manufacturing processes.
2. Homogeneous mixture: The dissolution process
creates a uniform mixture, ensuring that the metal
oxides are evenly distributed throughout the solution.
This results in consistent and high-quality products.
3. Increased solubility: Metal oxides are often insoluble
in water or other solvents, making them difficult to use
in certain applications. Dissolving them in alkaline-
aqueous organic solutions increases their solubility and
expands their potential uses.
4. Coating applications: Dissolved metal oxides can be
used as coatings for various materials, providing
improved properties such as corrosion resistance and
electrical conductivity.
5. Environmental benefits: The use of alkaline-aqueous
organic solutions in the dissolution process can be
more environmentally friendly than traditional
methods that use harsh chemicals. This reduces the
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
37
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
35-38
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
impact on the environment and improves sustainability
[3].
Advantages and disadvantages of dissolution of
antimony oxides, and lead and other related metal
oxides in alkaline-aqueous organic solutions.
Advantages:
1. Increased solubility: Dissolving antimony oxides,
lead, and other related metal oxides in alkaline-
aqueous organic solutions increases their solubility,
which can make it easier to handle and process these
materials.
2. Improved reactivity: Dissolution of these metal
oxides in alkaline-aqueous organic solutions can
improve their reactivity, making them more useful for
various applications.
3. Reduced toxicity: Dissolving these metal oxides in
alkaline-aqueous organic solutions can reduce their
toxicity, making them safer to handle and use.
Disadvantages:
1. Environmental concerns: The use of alkaline-aqueous
organic solutions can have environmental implications,
as they may need to be disposed of carefully to prevent
contamination of soil and water.
2. Cost: The use of alkaline-aqueous organic solutions
can be expensive, as they may require specialized
equipment and materials.
3. Limited applications: The dissolution of metal oxides
in alkaline-aqueous organic solutions may not be
suitable for all applications, as some materials may not
be compatible with these solutions.
Factors affecting to the dissolution of antimony oxides,
and lead and other related metal oxides in alkaline-
aqueous organic solutions are as follows:
1. pH: The pH of the solution can affect the solubility of
metal oxides. Alkaline conditions can increase the
solubility of antimony oxides, lead, and other related
metal oxides in aqueous organic solutions.
2. Temperature: Higher temperatures can increase the
solubility of metal oxides in aqueous organic solutions.
3. Type of organic solvent: The type of organic solvent
used can affect the solubility of metal oxides. For
example, polar solvents such as methanol and ethanol
can increase the solubility of antimony oxides, lead,
and other related metal oxides in aqueous solutions.
4. Concentration of metal oxide: The concentration of
metal oxide in the solution can affect its solubility.
Higher concentrations may require more alkaline
conditions or higher temperatures to dissolve.
5. Presence of other ions: The presence of other ions in
the solution can affect the solubility of metal oxides.
For example, the presence of chloride ions can
decrease the solubility of lead oxide in aqueous
solutions [5].
Antimony oxides, lead, and other related metal oxides
can be dissolved in alkaline-aqueous organic solutions
by a variety of methods, including:
1. Acid-base reaction: The metal oxide reacts with the
alkaline solution to form a soluble salt. For example,
antimony oxide can react with sodium hydroxide to
form sodium antimonate, which is soluble in water.
2. Complexation: The metal oxide can form a complex
with the organic solvent, increasing its solubility. For
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
38
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
35-38
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
676
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
example, lead oxide can form a complex with acetic
acid, increasing its solubility in water.
3. Ion exchange: The metal oxide can exchange ions
with the alkaline solution, making it more soluble. For
example, lead oxide can exchange its lead ion with a
hydroxide ion in the alkaline solution to form lead
hydroxide, which is more soluble in water.
4. Redox reaction: The metal oxide can undergo a
redox reaction with the alkaline solution, making it
more soluble. For example, antimony oxide can react
with sodium hypochlorite to form sodium antimonate
and sodium chloride, which are both soluble in water.
Overall, the solubility of metal oxides in alkaline-
aqueous organic solutions depends on several factors,
including pH, temperature, type of solvent,
concentration of metal oxide, and presence of other
ions. By manipulating these factors, it is possible to
dissolve metal oxides and extract them from various
materials.
CONCLUSION
The dissolution of metal oxides in alkaline-aqueous
organic solutions offers numerous benefits, including
improved handling, homogeneous mixture, increased
solubility, coating applications, and environmental
benefits. These advantages make it an attractive
option for various manufacturing processes and
applications. Additionally, the use of this method can
contribute to sustainability efforts by reducing the
impact on the environment. Overall, the dissolution of
metal oxides in alkaline-aqueous organic solutions is a
promising technology with significant potential for
various industries.
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