Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
105
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
105-112
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
It is generally accepted that the scientific-technical style is characterized by accuracy, conciseness, lack of
expressiveness, figurativeness. For greater expressiveness of the text, scientists are increasingly resorting to
figurative means. The functions of the image in scientific literature differ from its functions in fiction. A characteristic
feature of the style of scientific works is their saturation with terms. The term carries a large amount of logical
information. Despite the fact that the authors of scientific works adhere to the standard language of science, the
manifestation of the author's individuality is inevitable.
KEYWORDS
Metaphorical communication, linguoeconomics, bear hug, animal world, stylistically, consistency, expressive means
of language, bull market.
INTRODUCTION
All texts can be attributed to the main bookish styles:
official-business, scientific, publicistic, artistic.
Scientific (special) literature, focused on the use of the
scientific style of speech. This includes scientific-
technical, scientific-humanitarian, natural science,
popular science, educational texts.
Research Article
EXPRESSIVENESS OF SCIENTIFIC TEXTS
Submission Date:
November 05, 2022,
Accepted Date:
November 15, 2022,
Published Date:
November 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/Volume02Issue11-19
Norova Mavluda Fayzulloyevna
Associate Professor Of The Department Of English Language At The Bukhara State Medical Institute Named
After Abu Ali Ibn Sino Doctor Of Philosophy In Philology, Phd, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
–
2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
105-112
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The scientific style serves a special sphere of human
activity - scientific. Since science performs the function
of “development and theoretical systematization of
objective knowledge about reality” [1], the main thing
for the scientific style of speech is a logical, accurate,
unambiguous expression of thought.
Scientific texts are designed for logical, not emotional-
sensory perception, therefore, the emotional in the
language is not revealed openly, the scientific style
“gravitates towards speech means, devoid of
emotional load and
expressive colors” [2]. They are
possible only as some additional means.
The functions of the image in scientific literature differ
from its functions in fiction. The image here is a means
of explaining scientific concepts. The degree of
emotional in the language of science is determined by
the field of knowledge to which the text belongs. For
example, technical scientific texts are extremely
formalized, the author's individuality is hidden here,
and therefore emotional elements are minimal here.
The purpose of expression in science is in evidence.
This is achieved, for example, by amplifying and
restrictive particles, introductory-modal words that
actualize the course of reasoning.
Since science is connected with technology, industry,
with secondary and hig
her education, “the languages
of science receive their full expression in scientific-
technical
literature,
production-technical
documentation and in textbooks. To study the
languages of science, a preliminary analysis of the
history of the development of these types of literature
is necessary, including their classification by style and
genre” [3].
It is generally accepted that the scientific-technical
style is characterized not only by accuracy,
conciseness, consistency, but also by the absence or
insignificant use of figurative means [4].
Strict accuracy requirements applied to a scientific text
limit the use of such figurative language tools as
metaphor, epithets, artistic comparisons, proverbs,
etc. Sometimes such means can penetrate into
scientific works, since the scientific style strives not
only for accuracy, but also for persuasiveness,
evidence. Sometimes figurative means are necessary
for clarity, intelligibility of presentation [5].
The scientific style is characterized by a logical
sequence of presentation, an ordered system of
connections between parts of the statement, the
desire of the authors for clarity, accuracy, conciseness,
unambiguity while maintaining the richness of the
content.
Consistency is the presence of semantic links between
successive units of the text.
Only such a text has consistency, in which the
conclusions follow from the content, they are
consistent, the text is divided into separate semantic
segments, reflecting the movement of thought from
the particular to the general or from the general to the
particular.
Clarity, as the quality of scientific speech, implies
clarity, accessibility. According to the degree of
accessibility, scientific, scientific-educational and
popular-science texts differ in material and in the way
of its language design.
The accuracy of scientific speech implies the
unambiguity of understanding, the absence of
discrepancy between the signified and its definition.
Words are used mainly in their direct meaning, the
frequency of terms also contributes to the
unambiguity of the text.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
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2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
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11
Pages:
105-112
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
A characteristic feature of the style of scientific works
is their saturation with terms (in particular,
international ones). A term is a word or phrase that
accurately and unambiguously names an object,
phenomenon or concept of science and reveals its
content. The term carries a large amount of logical
information. In explanatory dictionaries, terms are
followed by mark “special”.
Despite the fact that the authors of scientific works
adhere to the standard language of science, the
manifestation of the author's individuality is inevitable.
In scientific texts, such emphatic elements are often
used as: it is ...that, it was until...that, as though,
amplifying words (do, as much as, as early as, it is ...
that /who/which) and etc.
Set expressions, special phraseology are especially
characteristic of a scientific text.
Inexpressive comparisons, which are also found in
scientific texts, do not violate the logicality and clarity
of the scientific text. Comparison serves the author for
a visual and detailed description of the object of study,
as well as for highlighting in this object some one
characteristic feature, the specifics of which the author
wants to emphasize.
The most common figurative means in scientific-
technical texts is a metaphor.
The epithet is an important means of creating imagery
in a popular-science work. It allows you to give a vivid
emotional description of an object or phenomenon.
When translating a scientific text, “neutralization”,
“smoothing” of the expressive
means of the language
takes place, so as not to introduce stylistically alien
elements into the Uzbek text. In English and American
special texts, bright, stylistically colored vocabulary is
often found, which is not typical for Uzbek scientific-
technical texts. The mechanical transfer of emotionally
colored lexical units of an English special text into
Uzbek will contradict the requirements applied to the
Uzbek special text.
The scientific style is typical for texts intended to
communicate accurate information from any special
area. For all its stylistic remoteness from the living
spoken language, the scientific-technical text allows
the use of a small number of more or less color-neutral
expressive means [6].
Therefore, we can say that emotionality is not
characteristic of the language of science, but is
possible in it, depending on the topic or nature of the
essay. Expressiveness in a scientific text is not
excluded, but it is specific. As already mentioned, the
scientific-technical style is characterized not only by
accuracy, conciseness, consistency, but also by the
absence or insignificant use of figurative means. In
particular, elements of figurativeness are used in
economic texts. The most representative is the
thematic group “animal world” [10].
The following figurative means are widely used in
English-language
scientific-publicistic
texts
on
economic
problems:
metaphors,
epithets,
phraseological units, followed by proverbs and
sayings, comparisons, allusions. Metaphor is used
especially often [11].
«By metaphor we mean multi-level units of secondary
indirect nomination - nominative signs (words,
phrases), predicative signs (sentences), complex
predicative signs (texts), based on the transfer of the
formative from a fictitious singular (and, perhaps, a
complex denotation) to real single (complex)
denotation, between which a common comparison
constant is found» [7].
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
108
International Journal of Pedagogics
(ISSN
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2771-2281)
VOLUME
02
I
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11
Pages:
105-112
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Interest in metaphor arose long ago, when metaphor
simply adorned speech.
Economics and linguistics are two spheres of science
that unite man. There is a clear relationship between
the economic achievements of a country, its culture
and language [8]. This fact allows scientists to talk
about a new scientific discipline of linguoeconomics,
the development of which takes place in two
directions: from language to reality and from reality to
language.
The language of economic science is a natural
language-derived entity that has a deep cognitive-
linguistic specialization [9]. The metaphor also came to
economics. Metaphorical communication is a good
way to correlate complex economic processes with
simple ones. The features of the new object are
compared and compared with similar characteristics of
an already known object from another area. Thus,
economic phenomena are likened to the behavior of
animals.
The frequency of the use of animal names in the
composition of economic terms is not the same. The
most common are the images of a bear and a bull. Then
follows the cat, dog, turkey, lamb, kangaroo, cow,
butterfly, tiger, moth, bee, snake, elephant, shark.
Animals symbolize fertility and abundance, instinctive
and emotional impulses. It is impossible to find an
animal that does not have at least some resemblance
to humans. Images of a bear lowering market quotes
with a powerful paw and a bull raising them with its
horns have existed for more than three centuries [12].
It is believed that the analogy with bulls and bears also
arose in connection with the natural behavior of these
animals. If the bear sees something, such as a beehive
on a tree, it raises its paw and drops what it sees down.
The bull tilts its head in order to toss.
In the bull market, prices rise, and therefore, as they
say, bullish brokers feel optimistic.
In a bear market, the price of stocks falls, and therefore
short brokers are always scowling.
Bull − a bull market player, a person who expects an
increase in the prices of securities.
In many cases bull and bear are related to each other,
forming pair terms.
* Bull market (market with a trend towards price
increase)
–
Bear market (with a tendency to
downgrade). In economic literature, Bear is a seller of
financial instruments or a commodity who expects
prices to fall. Many terms based on this image are
associated with observations of the life of a bear:
* Bear hug − an offer to take over a
company made by
its director that is so attractive in terms of price and
other terms that the directors of the acquired company
who might object to the repurchase for other reasons,
are forced to agree to it, otherwise they run the risk of
facing shareholder protest.
Translation of economic texts presents certain
difficulties. And it is hardly possible to say that the
translation of economic metaphors is something
special, different from the translation of metaphors in
general. But the problem of a good translation of
metaphors
in
economic
texts
is
relevant.
Unfortunately, these texts are often forced to be
translated by economists who know the language and
understand what is meant, but do not have education
or experience in the field of translation, and beautiful
English metaphors are translated very crookedly
–
sometimes in an “interlinear” way, sometimes simply
unsuccessfully.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
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International Journal of Pedagogics
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VOLUME
02
I
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11
Pages:
105-112
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
If economic texts are translated by competent
translators without economic education, the opposite
situations are possible
–
a beautiful metaphor is born,
but the meaning may be lost or distorted. The world of
business contributes to the renewal of the lexical
composition of the English language, introducing
concepts that reflect modern issues. Often economists
use already known concepts, investing in them a
slightly different meaning. Therefore, understanding
and translating texts of an economic nature is a
complex and special job that requires more than just
knowledge of a foreign language.
When translating economic texts, it should always be
remembered that almost no word is translated by its
main dictionary meaning, and, therefore, the context
in the broadest sense of this term is a fundamental
factor in choosing the right word. You should not start
translating without clearly understanding the subject
matter of the text being translated and the essence of
the processes and phenomena being described. It is
always necessary to keep in mind the translation
priorities: firstly, it is necessary to convey the meaning
of the translated text, secondly, the language into
which the translation is being performed must look
competent from the point of view of a native speaker,
and thirdly, it is necessary to maintain closeness to the
source text. Only compliance with all these rules will
ensure the correct translation of economic texts [13].
It is important for a teacher to teach students to
translate economic texts not only identically to the
analogue, but the translation text should not contain
unnecessary information. To do this, the teacher must
know, explain and interest students in the origin of a
particular word, term, metaphor [15].
I would like to give the opinion of a professional
translator:
«Breaking spears in search of one or another
equivalent of an economic term or concept, on his
difficult path, the translator encounters a lot of
interesting and very cognitive information, which
forms not only a clear idea of the subject of a particular
text being translated, but also significantly expands
the horizons in the field of economics. At the same
time, the translator must be vigilant so as not to drown
in this sea of information and not to forget the ultimate
goal for which he does all this» [14].
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Servi
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705
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Pages:
105-112
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
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IF
–
5.689
Publisher:
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«МОЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ
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