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THEORETICAL BASIS OF CREATION OF ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE REGIONS
Akbar Ablaizov Abduvafo ugli
Abstract :
in the article In Uzbekistan ecotourism organization to do and development
management system of creation theoretical basics given . Problems and tasks in creating a
management system for the organization and development of ecotourism are identified.
Key words :
ecological crisis , ecotourism concept , biochilmachyllic , flora , fauna , ecotourism
principles of ecotourism rules .
Ecological tourism (ecotourism) is a form of tourism aimed at protecting nature and the
environment, achieving sustainable development, and bringing economic benefits to the local
population. There are a number of theoretical foundations and principles for creating a system
for developing and managing ecotourism in Uzbekistan. To ensure the effective functioning of
this system, its main elements and theoretical fundamentals must be identified. The basis of
sustainable development, that is, ecotourism, is aimed at preserving natural resources in the use
of them and their effective use in the future. Sustainable tourism activities serve to protect nature
and cultural heritage without harming nature. As a result, ecological tourism contributes to the
development of local economies in regions and helps improve the living standards of the
population. One of the main theoretical principles in the development of ecological tourism is the
protection of natural and cultural resources. Ecological tourism activities are aimed at preserving
nature without harming its wealth . For example, when using national parks, nature reserves,
historical monuments and other natural and cultural resources, their protection and preservation
should be ensured. The development of ecotourism is closely related to local agriculture . As
international practice shows, activities in the field of ecotourism help to stimulate agriculture,
increase the production of organic products. The development of ecotourism in the regions opens
up new markets for local farmers and creates opportunities to increase their income.
Environmental education of the population and tourists is of great importance in the development
of ecotourism. Through environmental education, local residents and guests are taught to respect
nature and its environment, to protect nature and to be educated on environmental issues. For this,
it is necessary to hold special events, trainings and seminars, and create a system for
disseminating environmental information. For the development and effective management of
ecotourism, special laws and regulations should be developed in the country, including in the
regions . These laws should serve to promote tourism activities, protect nature, and ensure that
environmental damage is not caused. In order to ensure that the management system is
centralized and works successfully at the local level, it is important to establish cooperation
between local authorities, the private sector, and civil society in the development of ecotourism.
The development of ecotourism should be assessed from both an economic and social
perspective. This should take into account the impact of tourism activities on the population and
the local economy, as well as the impact on the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors.
Social impacts should also be studied, for example, on the living standards of the local
population, job creation, preservation of cultural values, and community development.
Attracting investment is important for the development of ecotourism.
Cooperation between the public and private sectors and international financing sources are also
important in this . It is also very important to generate and effectively manage financial resources
for tourism infrastructure, ecotourism services, and facilities.
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The tourism industry is the most profitable in the world economy and is developing
rapidly. The direction that is actively developing in the tourism industry is ecotourism. One of
the main reasons for this development is that in the current environmental crisis, humanity is
paying more and more attention to the ecological systems of nature with fresh air and striving to
relax in the lap of nature. According to the conclusions of prominent scientists, in the 21st
century, humanity is increasingly resorting to rest after fatigue and to restore its health .
In such situations, they are given first recommendations and suggestions for recreation in nature
and its various natural and recreational areas. Secondly, as a result of the prevention of planetary
ecological crises, the promotion of measures for the economical use and protection of natural
resources at planetary borders, the healing properties of natural spaces with fresh air, the
incomparable impressions of the animal and plant world in nature, and international calls for
nature protection are increasingly calling humanity to the bosom of nature.
In practice, the "concept" of ecotourism was first formed in the Americas (Mexico) and later
began to develop in Australia. This is because the vast natural areas preserved on these two
continents and the many types of biological diversity in these areas have aroused the interest of
humanity in visiting them.
Since such natural areas were not preserved in Western European countries, they created models
of ecotourism under the names "nature-oriented tourism", "soft tourism", and "ecologically and
socially responsible tourism" . In fact, the concepts of ecotourism on both continents were
similar, and in European countries, ecotourism was aimed at preserving nature and natural
resources , as well as paying great attention and respect to the cultural heritage of the local
population at ecotourism sites.
In Russia, ecotourism is taking its first steps in terms of its organization, and the current
development of ecotourism in this country, as in foreign countries, is traditionally carried out in
national parks and nature reserves. However, there are also significant obstacles in this direction.
Russian nature conservation organizations have shown the negative impact of ecotourism
activities in national parks and state nature reserves on the biological diversity of nature.
According to their conclusions, if ecotourism activities have a negative impact on nature
conservation and the natural balance of flora and fauna, then this activity cannot be developed in
the future. Similar situations have arisen in the development of ecotourism in Uzbekistan.
The first reason for this hesitation is the lack of developed management systems for the
organization and development of ecotourism and recreation in "Specially Protected Areas " . The
development of world ecotourism and recreation shows that "Specially Protected Areas" in the
state budget are operating in extremely vulnerable economic conditions. These conditions are
proven. The ecologically and economically safe way out of such situations is the development of
ecotourism, ecotourism excursions and recreation in "Specially Protected Areas " . This
development, of course, relies on a well-developed organizational and management system.
The following problems are also very relevant in the development of ecotourism in our country:
Lack of ecotourism infrastructure (rest areas, cordons, campsites, gazebos, etc.) in
ecotourism resources;
Unsatisfactory state of ecotourism services (guides);
Uncertainty of the development of ecotourism commercial advertisements both in
domestic ecotourism and international ecotourism, lack of dissemination of information in this
direction;
The lack of clarity in both the image and brand of Uzbekistan's domestic ecotourism and
international ecotourism;
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The remoteness of ecotourism resources and the obsolescence of road transport
communications, the malfunctioning, inconvenience of vehicles, etc.;
( electricity, clean water supply, washing systems) in ecotourism facilities ;
and regulatory documents for the use of ecotourism resources ;
pricing system for ecotourism services .
According to the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the use of state nature reserves for
ecotourism is not allowed. Therefore, the administration of the reserves cannot even draw up
plans to improve the economic situation of nature reserves through ecotourism. In this case, the
development of domestic and international ecotourism without "Specially Protected Areas" and
"Nature Reserves " is a fantasy, an abstract plan.
, a unified system for monitoring and managing ecotourism in "Specially Protected Areas " has
not been created, a state statistical system on the state of ecotourism and the development of
ecotourism has not been formed. We also need to develop a unified system for accurately
tracking and monitoring the effectiveness of ecotourism in the regional economy, the impact of
ecotourism flows on natural landscapes, and the permitted ecotourism and recreational load.
of ecotourism in Uzbekistan is that mechanisms have not yet been developed to ensure that part
of the income from ecotourism is directed towards improving the socio-economic conditions of
the local population.
Conclusion:
The theoretical foundations for the development and management of ecotourism in the
regions are based on the principles of sustainable development of ecotourism, environmental
protection, and ensuring economic and social development. Implementing these theoretical
foundations in the development of ecotourism in Uzbekistan is important for creating a system
that benefits the local population and tourists, protects nature, and generates economic profit.
To develop a management system for the organization and development of ecotourism in
Uzbekistan, it is necessary to develop a set of methods for the management of permitted
ecotourism loads, ecotourism trails, ecotourist management, constant ecotourism monitoring ,
monitoring of changes or non-changes in ecotourism facilities , preparing the population of
ecotourism facilities for ecotourism entrepreneurship, ecotourism design, and solving other
pressing ecotourism problems.
It is necessary to form a state statistical system on the state of ecotourism and its development.
