INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
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METHODS OF USING DIDACTIC GAMES IN THE INTELLECTUAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Nazarova Dilnoza
Samarkand Zarmed University Department of Social Sciences
Addusalomova Sevara Dilshod kizi
Teacher Samarkand state institute of foreign language second year student
Abstract:
The main types of didactic games include intellectual (mental), active, and mixed
games. These games help participants develop intellectual, physical, moral, psychological,
aesthetic, labor, and other skills. In the educational and upbringing process, didactic games are
mainly used to enhance children’s learning motivation, develop their various abilities and interests,
and reveal their inclination toward a specific profession. This article provides methodological
recommendations on the effectiveness of using interactive methods in didactic games during the
educational process.
Keywords:
Didactic games, memory and attention, teaching methods, creative thinking,
upbringing, knowledge, creative and rule-based games, computer tools, small groups, educational
technology.
Аннотация:
Основными видами дидактических игр являются интелликтуальные
(мысленные), подвижные и смешанные игры. Эти игры помогают участникам развивать
умственные, физические, моральные, психологические, естетические, художественные
предпринимательские, трудовые и другие навыки. В процессе обучения преимущественно
используются дидактические игры, которые показывают мотивацию учащихся к обучению
и их склонность к профессии,повышающей их способности и интересы в различных
направлениях. В данной статье рассматривается использование интерактивных методов
дидактических игр в образовательном процессе.
Ключевые
слова:
Дидактические
игры,
память
и
даверия,
творческое
мышление,
компьютерный инструмент, малые группы, творческие игры и игры с
правилами, образовательные технологии, обучение, знания.
Didactic games play a crucial role in the intellectual development of preschool-aged
children. They help children enhance their thinking, logical, and creative abilities. Through games,
children acquire knowledge, learn to solve problems, and develop social skills. They are also
beneficial for emotional development, as they teach children to manage their emotions and
interact with others.
The significance of didactic games in the intellectual development of preschool children is
immense. Didactic games are not only a source of entertainment but also an essential tool for
acquiring knowledge and developing thinking skills. They help strengthen children’s logical
thinking, attention, memory, and social skills.
Didactic game
-
is a teaching method aimed at achieving specific educational goals, such as
reviewing, reinforcing, and deepening previously learned material. Each didactic game has a
particular objective, such as strengthening a specific action, a calculation method, or a didactic
task. For example, the didactic task in the game “Theater” is to reinforce children’s understanding
of the number 5
,
which they learned in previous lessons. The game “Circular Examples” aims to
strengthen counting skills within the second set of ten numbers. Developmental Areas Enhanced
by Didactic Games
Didactic games contribute to children’s growth in the following areas:
1.
Logical Thinking and Intellectual Abilities
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
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eISSN :2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume 12, issue 02 (2025)
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Didactic games teach children to analyze different situations and develop problem-solving skills.
For example, games allow children to learn about shapes, colors, sizes, and comparative concepts.
2.
Creative Thinking
Through games, children learn to generate new ideas and solutions, which helps develop their
creative and systematic thinking.
3.
Language Development
Didactic games help children expand their vocabulary, learn new words, and improve their ability
to express themselves. This, in turn, enhances communication skills and helps them articulate
their thoughts clearly.
4.
Social Skills
By playing in groups, children learn cooperation, patience, self-expression, and listening to others.
These skills strengthen interpersonal communication and teamwork abilities.
5.
Memory and Attention
Didactic games help improve children’s memory and attention span since games often require
concentration and quick responses.
The Role of Games in Education
Education is a structured process through which children acquire, internalize, and strengthen skills
and competencies. It involves memory enrichment, language and cognitive development, and
various teaching methods.
A game is an activity deeply ingrained in children’s minds and emotions. Depending on its type, a
game can reflect aspects of reality and life. It is a continuation and reinforcement of the learning
process within a group setting.
Both educational activity and cognitive activity belong to the same social institution—absorbing
social experience. While educational activity focuses on knowledge, skills, and competencies,
cognitive activity encompasses creativity, experience, and relationships. The key differences
between these activities include:
1.
Reproductive vs. Productive Learning
•
In educational activities, learning is reproductive
,
meaning children follow instructions
given by the teacher and repeat the actions of others.
•
In cognitive activities, learning is productive
,
meaning children work alongside the teacher,
set their own tasks, and solve problems independently.
2.
Role in Learning
•
In educational activities, the child is the object of education.
•
In cognitive activities, the child is the subject, meaning they take an active role in the
learning process.
3.
Level of Independence
•
Children have less independence in educational activities.
•
In cognitive activities, children exhibit the highest level of independence
.
Research has proven that games are an essential need for young children’s development.
Didactic Tasks in Learning
A didactic task is a part of the overall learning objective in a lesson. Every didactic game, like any
other game, has rules. Without following these rules, the game loses its educational and
psychological significance. The game instructions include explanations of how to play, how to
determine the winner, and other essential details.
Didactic games play a crucial role in teaching, upbringing, and developing children
.
They
strengthen children’s positive engagement, voluntary attention, and memory. During games,
children unknowingly engage in various activities, solve problems, and perform exercises.
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Requirements for Didactic Games
1. Didactic games must be chosen according to the curriculum content.
2. They should set specific learning requirements for participants.
3. The success of a didactic game depends on clearly defining its objective.
4. Games should be introduced gradually—simpler games should precede more complex
ones. This allows children to develop cognitive skills step by step.
5. The rules and organization of didactic games should consider children’s individual
characteristics and group dynamics.
6. Game rules should be simple, clear, and well-defined
.
7. Every child should actively participate throughout the game; long waiting times can
decrease interest.
8. The complexity of tasks should be balanced with children’s ability to complete them
independently.
When teaching children a game, a specific educational goal should be kept in mind. This is what
makes didactic games unique. They allow for repeated variations, adaptations, and the
introduction of different elements.
For example, the game “Silence” was repeated more than ten times with different children, and
the game “What Changed?” was played five times with different materials. This repetition
ensured that children thoroughly mastered the rules and developed strong game-related skills.
Didactic games differ from creative games played in kindergartens and from teacher-led
storytelling activities. They are specifically designed to enhance intellectual development in an
engaging and understandable way. Children enthusiastically practice and complete assigned tasks,
increasing their motivation for learning. These games help children better understand the
objectives of each lesson and activity.
Didactic games incorporate visual elements, teacher communication, and children’s physical
actions
,
creating a unified sensory experience (sight, hearing, and touch). This allows children to
absorb and apply the game rules themselves
Since these games are structured in an engaging way, all children actively participate with
enthusiasm. Didactic games also influence children’s emotions, fostering a positive attitude
towards learning. Children perform games with great satisfaction and eagerly anticipate the next
session.
For example, in the game “Circular Examples”
,
all children solve problems, in “Chain”
,
10
children participate, in “Little Store”
,
8–12 children play, and in “Ladder”
,
almost all children
take part. Even those who do not actively participate engage through gestures, such as listening to
sound clues or observing their peers’ performance.
Conclusion
,
Didactic games help instill cooperation and discipline
,
as they require strict
adherence to game rules and conditions. Games such as “Who is More Accurate and Faster?”
,
“Don’t Give Up”
,
“Best Counter
”
, and “Memory Dictation” teach children to maintain silence,
move carefully, and focus on numbers.
Thus, didactic games significantly impact children’s intellectual development
.
They are not only
effective tools for teaching but also play a vital role in shaping personal and social skills.
References
1. “Children’s Pedagogy and Psychodiagnostics” – Z.T. Nishanova et al. Uzbekistan Writers’
Union Literary Fund, 2017.
2. “Improved ‘First Step’ National Curriculum” – February 4, 2022.
