Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an uncommon but devastating cause of permanent visual loss following blunt force trauma to the orbit. Clinically, a patient with acute TON may present with either partial or complete loss of vision, an afferent pupillary defect, normalappearing optic disc, or visual field defects. With time, optic disc pallor will manifest. Likelihood of vision recovery is low in these patients, as visual acuity and visual field results do not show significant difference 5 years after injury when compared to baseline testing following injury.There is an increase in the incidence of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) due to increasing urbanization and rapid spurt in the number ofmotor vehicles on the road. Despite early presentation and ease of diagnosis the visual outcomes in TON are still limited. There is also significant confusion about the timing, dose and efficacy of steroid treatment in its management.
Dental implantation is one of the most progressive directions in modern dentistry. Thanks to the development of new implant systems and methods of reconstructive operations for atrophy of the alveolar bone tissue of the jaws, it became possible to use the method of dental implantation to replace dental defects of any localization with orthopedic structures. Prosthetics on implants helps to achieve the main goal - complete restoration of masticatory function in patients with partial or complete absence of teeth, improving the quality of life of the patient both in physiological and socio-psychological aspects.
В обзоре представлены сведения об этиологии и патогенезе неразвившейся беременности. Акцентируется внимание на инфекционном факторе в активизации иммунопатологических процессов, что служит препятствием для проведения в предимплантационный период местной иммуносупрессии, необходимой для предотвращения выкидыша. В связи с этим выздоровление и реабилитация больных с синдромом потери плода могут быть связаны как с устранением провоцирующего фактора, так и с восстановлением дефекта иммунной реактивности при использовании иммунотерапевтического препарата
"Perfection is achieved not when there is nothing to add, but when there is nothing to remove" Antoine de Saint-Exupery Presents the results of a study of the performance of aesthetic and artistic restorations and the study of these dental restorations after a certain time with the naked eye and binoculars of two types, while the use of a SLR camera was a prerequisite. Comparative analysis has shown that the use of optical systems during dental manipulations significantly improves the diagnosis of carious and non-carious lesions, facilitates work and reduces the risk of various complications. Clinical photographs are an important component of aesthetic dentistry.