Изучить частоту, характер и причины возникновения дефектов медицинской помощи при хирургическом лечении ПНЧ и определить возможные направления их предупреждения и улучшения качества оказания стоматологической помощи.
On the basis of an analysis of cone beam computed tomography, 50 people (25 men and 25 women) of mature age (from 32 to 59) the study examines the structural features of the dentoalveolar segments in 13, 14, 15, 16, 23, 24, 25 of the upper jaw and 34, 35, 36, 44, 45, 46 of the lower jaw, the retromolar space of the mandible, the frequency of the presence of growths of the mucosa (Schneider membrane) lining the walls of the cavity of the upper jaw, the frequency of perforation of the bottom cavity of the upper jaw by the root tips of the fangs, premolars and first molars, odontometry of 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 of the upper jaw and 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6 of the lower jaw. The height of the lower jaw bone in men was greater due to the alveolar tissue. The total length of teeth 3.6, 4.6 of the lower jaw, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 2.3, 2.4, 2.6 of the upper jaw, the size of the base of the retromolar fossa were observed to be larger in men.The frequency of perforation of the bottom of the upper jaw cavity by the tops of the canine roots and first premolars was higher in men, the size (AP diameter and height) of the maxillary sinuses was larger in men. The study found that the height of the upper jaw bone in men and women did not differ, and the teeth 1.4, 2.4, 1.6, 2.6 of the upper jaw were larger in men, which can be attributed to the coronal section. The obtained data will help improve the procedure of immediate dental implantation and augmentation of the alveolar bone.
Improving the effectiveness of complex treatment of patients with acquired jaw defects (MPD) remains one of the urgent problems of modern dentistry. The importance of this problem increases due to the increase in the number of patients who have undergone surgical interventions for the removal of neoplasms, industrial and domestic injuries. In addition, the number of victims of road accidents, man-made accidents and catastrophes, local armed conflicts does not decrease. The presence of defects in the jaw bones inevitably leads to the development of functional disorders, primarily to the dysfunction of chewing. With defects in the upper jaw, the formation of an oronasal message is possible, which causes a disorder of breathing, swallowing and sound formation. Defects in the jaw bones lead to the loss of teeth, cause facial asymmetry, i.e. are accompanied by the loss of the aesthetic appearance of a person. Dysfunctions of the maxillary system contribute to the occurrence of pathological changes on the part of the temporomandibular joints. Against the background of impaired chewing function, gastrointestinal tract diseases often form in patients with PD or their course becomes heavier. Pronounced structural and functional disorders of the maxillofacial region lead to a change in the psychosocial status of patients. Patients with PD form complex clinical conditions for conducting rational orthopedic treatment, while, according to WHO, 100% of patients with this pathology need prosthetic treatment.
Jasur Rizaev, Aziz Kubaev, Javokhirkhon Buzrukzoda