Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
94
STYLISTIC AND PRAGMALINGUISTIC PROBLEMS OF TRANSMITTING
ENGLISH WORDS RELATED TO NEW PHENOMENA IN UZBEK
Khidoyatova Feruza graduate student Uzbek State World
Languages University Scientific advisor: Ashurov A.
Vice-rector for youth work at Turin Polytechnic
University in Tashkent, PhD
Abstract:
The author of the article considers differences in the systems of the source
and target languages and the peculiarities of creating texts in both Uzbek and English
languages may limit the ability to convey completely the contents of the original.
Translation equivalence can be based on the preservation and, accordingly, the loss of
various elements of meaning contained in the original, and the translator should be able
to choose the only true version of the translation of phrases and expressions from several
variants, relying on the general meaning of the text, its style and genre.
Key words:
Pragmalinguistics, phenomena, equivalence, pragmatic adaptation,
deviation, anthropocentric orientation
The current aspects and problems of pragmalinguistics.
Studying a human being has become a trend in all modern sciences. Linguistics
is no exception. Linguists study speech act, considering speech exposure as an important
means of human communication. More attention is paid to pragmatic influences, and
pragmatics as a science. A person uses language, pursuing different goals: to share
news, to encourage the addressee to take any specific action, to ask about something or
to express his feelings and to evaluate the actions of others. Language is the tool by
which a person regulates relationships with people, influencing them. It can be said that
with the help of it, a person changes social reality.
Today, pragmalinguistics is an interdisciplinary field within which many logical,
Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
95
philosophical, socio-psycholinguistic, stylistic and ethnographic directions intersect. So
far, there has not been a single comprehensive scientific definition of the pragmatics of
language and a strictly defined conceptual apparatus with terminology. It has developed
in semiotics (from Greek ‘sign’) - the science of the general nature of the functioning
of various signs (semiotic systems) that store and transmit a variety of information.
L. Wittgenstein’s [1942; 1953] works greatly influenced the development of
pragmatically oriented linguistics. He suggested that meaning exists only when the
language is in use. This means that any statement can only be interpreted in context,
taking into account the nature of a particular situation. Researchers give different
examples to prove this postulate. Here is one of them: the statement
“It’s raining”
in
different contexts can have different pragmatic meanings: ‘I’m not going anywhere’
(refusal),
‘Take an umbrella’
(advice),
‘Bad weather’
(fact)
and with an interrogative
intonation -
(request for information).
The key concept for describing linguistic communication in pragmalinguistics is
the one of activity. Language is a tool for dynamic interaction of communicants. The
functioning of the language is linked with the situational and socio-psychological
context of its use. In pragmatic approach, focus is given to the language units and
important components which are directly related to the subject, and he in his turn uses
the language as the tool of communication.
Thus, linguistics in accordance with the present tendencies within the
development of the humanitarian sciences expanded significantly the scope of its
impact: researchers changed their directions from phonetics to phonology. Interaction
between all aspects of speech act and communication are covered within the framework
of linguistic research. It is reflected on person's mental, social, and cultural features and
characteristics and it led to intensive intervention of many disciplines. Related
disciplines appeared due to the impact of various researches and at the crossroads of
sciences.
Pragmalinguistics is a science with anthropocentric orientation. In this regard, the
following branches of linguistics as cognitive linguistics, linguistics, ethnolinguistics,
Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
96
sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, pragmalinguistics are in the process of developing
and they are directed to show connection between the language and the culture and to
reveal national spirit and character [Vinokur, 1993].
At the same time, in cognitive linguistics basic concepts and research facilities
should be emphasized. Cognition is defined by human’s activity in various stages and
understanding of the nature is based on various scientific data, and description of
anthropological characteristics. A man, being a certain set of psycho-physiological
features, is recognized as a nature-thinker, philosopher and a crossroad of many
important actions. It is indisputable to consider a man’s cognition depending on
psychological, social development, cultural development as he is living in a certain
community and socio-cultural conditions [Syzdykova, 1986].
When translation receptor belongs to another linguistic collective, to a different
culture it often leads to pragmatical inadequacy of the translated text. In this case, there
is a need for
pragmatic adaptation
of the translation. Here are some common types of
pragmatic adaptation with examples:
1)
entering additional information into the text, making up for the lack of
background knowledge on the subject at the receptor (regarding geographical and
cultural realities, for instance):
Massachusetts - ‘Shtat Massachusetts ’; Middlesex -
‘Midlseks okrugi ’;
2)
transferring the names of companies, firms, print media, etc.:
Newsweek
reports a new reshuffle in the government. - ‘Newsweek jurnalining yozishicha,
hukumat tarkibi yana o‘zgardi.’.
3)
transferring realia:
The prime-minister addresses the people from the window
of No.10. - Bosh vazir o‘z qarorgohi derazasidan yig ‘ilganlarga murojaat qildi.
4)
conveying the emotional impact of the source text to the translation receptor
when the perception of similar messages in the original and translation does not match.
5)
“extra-translation problem”, when the translator, for some reason, deliberately
changes the original version, actively intervenes in the communication process.
Concerning stylistic layer, it should be borne in mind that it is not possible for
Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
97
each of stylistic devices to be compiled fully or even partially. The translator has to
“adjust” the style of the original to the newspaper and magazine style of the target
language. Unlike the neutral language of a scientific and technical text, the language of
newspaper articles is often emotionally saturated, which brings it closer to the language
of fiction. Here we find similes, metaphors, idioms, elements of humor, sarcasm, irony,
etc. Therefore, it is important to convey all the emotional elements along with the
political and social context.
Let us review the use of stylistic adaptation of the translation with specific
examples:
1)
the replacement of verb forms in English headings with nominal forms when
translated into Russian:
Flood Hits Scotland - ‘Shotlandiyada suv toshqini ’; Want No
Hysteria in Toronto Schools - ‘Toronto maktablarida urush isteriyasini o'rnatishga
qarshi namoyishlar ’.
2)
replacing colloquial elements of the slang with more neutral ones: Hip and
Square Films - ‘ultra modernistik va an’anaviy filmlar’.
Sometimes deviations from the original in translation are inevitable. But the
amount of such discrepancies should be reasonable. The translator must reproduce the
features of the linguistic expression of the author of the original. Whoever perceives the
translation wants to know the original message, not how the translator reinterpreted it.
Unjustified deviations from the text of the original are a sign of unprofessionalism.
The equivalence of a translation is associated with its material form - oral or
written. The relative equivalence of the translation of texts is affected by the difference
in the sociopolitical terms and adopted concepts. It also varies due to the differences in
realia and due to the slang, vernacular, occasional words and idiomatic expressions used
by people.
Topical issues of language training
in the globalized world
98
References
1.
Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1953). Philosophical Investigations. Blackwell.
2.
Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1942). Blue and Brown Books. Harper Perennial.
3.
Vinokur T.G. Speaker and listener. - М., 1993. -p172.
4.
Syzdykova R. Contemporary literary language and literary norms // Collection
of proverbs. - Almaty: Zhazushy, 1986. -pp77-82
5.
Далиева, Мадина Хабибуллаевна. "THEORETICAL FEATURES OF
POLYSEMY IN LINGUISTIC TEXTS." МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ
ИСКУССТВО СЛОВА 5.5 (2022).
6.
Далиева, Мадина Хабибуллаевна. "Классификация сленга в нестандартных
вариантах." NovaInfo. Ru 1.95 (2018): 52-55.
7.
Dalieva, Madina. "NAVIGATING THE INTERPLAY OF TERMINOLOGY,
LANGUAGE, AND KNOWLEDGE." Academia Repository 2.11 (2023): 24-27.
