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FUNDAMENTALS OF DEVELOPING FIRST AID SKILLS IN STUDENTS: A
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS.
Palvanova Umida Bahramovna
Assistant of the Department of Military Field Therapy,
Hematology and Diagnostics of the Urgench
branch of the Tashkent Medical Academy
DOI 0000-0002-6587-3318
Turgunov Sobithon Tashpulatovich
Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor
Yakubova Azada Botirovna
PhD, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine,
Rehabilitation and Alternative Medicine,
Urgench Branch of the Tashkent Medical Academy
Abstract:
The article examines the theoretical foundations of developing first aid skills in
students of non-medical higher education institutions. An analysis of existing approaches to first
aid training is conducted, key problems of educational programs are identified, including
insufficient theoretical training, lack of practical classes and low motivation of students. The
need to integrate innovative methods, such as simulation training, interactive multimedia
technologies and role-playing scenarios, is substantiated to improve the effectiveness of training.
The authors emphasize the importance of developing a first aid culture as an important
component of public safety and social responsibility. Conclusions are made about the need for a
comprehensive revision of training programs with an emphasis on the balance of theoretical and
practical training.
Key words:
First aid, first aid skills, non-medical universities, educational programs, theoretical
training, practical training, simulation technologies, safety culture, social responsibility,
innovative teaching methods.
Introduction
The relevance of the research topic is determined by the importance of developing first aid skills
in students of non-medical universities. In the context of modern reality, when emergencies,
accidents and sudden conditions require immediate intervention, knowledge of first aid
algorithms becomes a necessary element of the general safety culture of society. According to
statistics from the World Health Organization, up to 60% of fatalities could be prevented if the
victim had received first aid in a timely manner [ 1]. However, an analysis of educational
programs shows that first aid training in non-medical educational institutions remains
insufficiently structured and organized, which reduces students' readiness to effectively respond
to emergency situations [2; pp. 184-192].
Modern approaches to first aid training are focused not only on the transfer of theoretical
knowledge, but also on the development of practical skills that allow students to act confidently
under stress. However, the existing training system in non-medical universities is characterized
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by a number of problems: insufficient hours allocated to studying first aid, a shortage of
qualified teachers, weak student motivation and limited use of modern educational technologies
[3]. Many programs are focused primarily on the theoretical aspect, which leads to low training
efficiency, since without practical training, students feel unsure when providing assistance in real
life [4].
Another problem is the lack of a comprehensive approach to first aid training. Including basic
courses in university programs is an important step, but their content is often limited to general
information, which does not allow students to fully master the algorithms for providing
assistance. In addition, first aid teaching in most cases is not accompanied by mandatory
practical exams, which reduces the level of students' training and their readiness to act in
extreme conditions [5].
In view of the above, it is necessary to revise educational approaches, including strengthening
practical training, integrating interactive methods, using simulation training and role-playing
scenarios. Such technologies allow trainees not only to memorize algorithms for providing
assistance, but also to develop confidence in their actions, reducing the level of anxiety in
emergency situations [2; pp. 184-192].
The aim of the study is to conduct a theoretical analysis of existing approaches to teaching first
aid to students of non-medical universities and to identify key problems in this area. The
following tasks were set within the framework of the work: to analyze the theoretical
foundations of first aid and its importance in the education system; to study the existing methods
of teaching first aid skills in non-medical universities; to identify the main problems associated
with the deficiencies in theoretical and practical training of students; to justify the need to
introduce innovative teaching methods aimed at improving the effectiveness of preparing
students to provide first aid. The object of the study is the process of developing first aid skills in
students of non-medical universities, and the subject is modern educational approaches to
teaching first aid, their effectiveness and prospects for improvement. The scientific novelty of
the work lies in a comprehensive analysis of the existing first aid training system and proposing
effective methods for its improvement with an emphasis on practical training and the use of
modern teaching technologies. Thus, consideration of this topic is relevant and in demand in
light of the need to improve the level of public safety and the readiness of citizens to provide
emergency care in critical situations.
Materials and methods
The study is based on the analysis of modern approaches to teaching first aid skills to students of
non-medical higher education institutions. The work included a theoretical analysis of scientific
literature, regulatory documents and educational programs aimed at developing competencies in
this area. The main focus is on reviewing existing teaching methods, assessing their effectiveness
and identifying shortcomings in the educational systems of different countries, including the
practice of higher education institutions of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The study uses data on the historical evolution of first aid, from the activities of medieval
monastic orders to modern educational standards, including the use of simulation technologies
and interactive teaching methods [6]. The main protocols for providing assistance, such as BLS
(basic life support) and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), as well as their adaptation in
educational programs for students of non-medical specialties are considered [7].
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The existing educational systems in higher education institutions were analyzed, key problems
were identified, including a lack of theoretical training, a limited number of practical classes and
a low level of student motivation [8]. The impact of the shortage of academic hours allocated to
mastering first aid on the level of training of students was assessed [2; pp. 184-192]. The
methodology of teaching first aid was also studied, taking into account the use of modern
educational technologies, such as virtual reality, multimedia simulators and role-playing
scenarios, ensuring more effective acquisition of theoretical knowledge and development of
practical skills [4].
In addition, an analysis of regulatory documents governing the teaching of first aid in
universities of Uzbekistan was conducted, with an emphasis on the integration of relevant
courses into educational programs. Changes made to the curricula since 2000, including the
introduction of disciplines related to health protection, as well as their practical application in the
training of students were considered [5].
Particular attention is paid to assessing students' motivation for learning first aid. The studies
indicate a low level of awareness of the importance of this knowledge among students of non-
medical universities, which is due to the lack of integration of the topic into the main disciplines
and the lack of practical classes [10]. Methods for increasing motivation are considered,
including the introduction of practical exams, participation in volunteer programs and the use of
real cases demonstrating the importance of timely assistance [3].
Results
An analysis of existing approaches to teaching first aid in non-medical higher education
institutions has revealed a number of key problems associated with the development of
emergency care skills in students. The main problem is the insufficient theoretical justification of
the learning process, which leads to fragmented acquisition of knowledge and the lack of a
holistic understanding of algorithms for action in critical situations [8]. Modern educational
programs are focused primarily on independent study of theoretical material, which significantly
limits students' opportunities to consolidate the knowledge they have acquired in practice [9, pp.
526–528].
Historical analysis has shown that first aid as a structured discipline began to develop in the
second half of the 19th century, but its integration into the educational programs of non-medical
universities has not yet reached the required level. In modern conditions, the emphasis in first aid
training is shifting towards interactive and simulation methods, but their implementation in the
educational process remains insufficient [2, pp. 184–192]. In this regard, students experience a
deficit of practical skills, which affects their confidence in their own actions in real emergency
situations [3].
An analysis of educational programs of non-medical universities of the Republic of Uzbekistan
showed that the discipline "Fundamentals of Medical Knowledge" occupies only an insignificant
place in the structure of students' training. For example, within the framework of the
correspondence form of study in the direction of "Primary Education" at the Urgench State
University, 120 hours are allocated for this course, of which only 24 are allocated for classroom
studies, and 96 hours are allocated for independent work [2, pp. 184-192]. This leads to the fact
that most students do not receive a sufficient number of practical classes necessary for
developing automaticity of actions under stress.
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One of the main reasons for the low level of training is the insufficient connection between the
theoretical and practical aspects of training. Even with basic theoretical knowledge, students face
difficulties in applying it in practice, which indicates the need to develop new teaching methods
[4]. The introduction of modern technologies such as virtual reality (VR), interactive multimedia
courses and simulators contributes to more effective assimilation of material, but their use
remains fragmented [2, pp. 184–192].
In addition, a low level of student motivation to study first aid has been identified, which is due
to the insufficient integration of this topic into general educational programs. A study conducted
at one of the universities in Taif (Saudi Arabia) found that only 14% of students in non-medical
specialties receive adequate training in first aid, which confirms the existing gaps in the
educational system [10]. Similar results were obtained at Yarmouk University (Jordan), where a
shortage of both theoretical and practical classes in first aid was noted, which reduces the level
of students' readiness to act in extreme situations [11].
Problems in the organization of the educational process related to the lack of a comprehensive
approach to the formation of a first aid culture have also been identified. According to the World
Health Organization, up to 60% of fatal cases could be prevented if the people around had basic
skills in providing emergency aid [1]. However, current educational programs do not provide the
required level of training, as they are limited to studying general safety issues and do not provide
for in-depth mastery of algorithms for actions in critical situations [5].
Thus, the analysis showed that the effectiveness of first aid training in non-medical universities
remains low due to insufficient theoretical training, lack of practical classes, weak student
motivation and lack of integration of modern educational technologies. To improve the situation,
it is necessary to revise the curricula with an increase in hours for practical training, introduce
innovative teaching methods such as simulation training and role-playing scenarios, and develop
new methodological approaches aimed at increasing students' awareness and responsibility.
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