No. 09 (2024) Volume - IV Issue - IX

This article contains thoughts and opinions on the development of electronic commerce, which is an important direction of the digital economy. Following the chosen and current path of e-commerce development will make the economy of Uzbekistan one of the leading representatives of the world market in the future. Choosing the right way to solve the problems of e-commerce in Uzbekistan is reflected in the well-being of the people, the progress of our society, and our economic development.

This article explores the critical role of budgetary control in preventing corruption and the misuse of public funds. It highlights how systematic budget management, through the establishment of financial guidelines, audits, and accountability, reduces opportunities for financial misconduct. The paper emphasizes the importance of transparency and the use of digital tools for real-time monitoring and reporting to safeguard public resources. By analyzing these key aspects, the article underscores how effective budgetary control is essential in maintaining financial integrity and trust in public institutions.

The article titled "Models of Credit Risk Management in Conditions of Economic Instability" explores various strategies and frameworks employed by financial institutions to manage credit risk during periods of economic uncertainty. It discusses key models such as credit scoring, default probability (PD), loss given default (LGD), stress testing, and portfolio diversification, emphasizing their relevance in mitigating potential losses. The article also highlights the importance of adapting these models to changing economic conditions to ensure the financial stability of institutions. The study provides insights into how these risk management models contribute to maintaining solvency and resilience in times of market volatility or crisis.

This study investigates the determinants and dynamics of health expenditure in France, exploring the intricate factors that influence healthcare spending patterns. Utilizing a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including econometric analysis, stakeholder interviews, and case studies, the research identifies key economic, demographic, and policy-related determinants affecting health expenditure. The findings reveal that economic factors such as GDP growth and inflation significantly impact health spending, with higher economic growth correlating with increased expenditure. Demographic shifts, particularly the aging population, drive rising healthcare costs, necessitating strategic adjustments to manage these financial pressures. Policy reforms and funding adjustments also play a crucial role, with their implementation often encountering practical challenges. The study highlights the complexities of aligning policy goals with financial realities and emphasizes the need for a balanced approach to managing health expenditure. By providing insights into the factors shaping health spending, the research offers valuable guidance for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to optimize healthcare financing and address the evolving needs of the French population.

In an era where ethical practices are increasingly emphasized in the corporate and organizational realms, the concept of a "moral organization" has gained substantial attention. This study explores the dichotomy between the aspirational ideals of moral organizations and the practical challenges they face in implementation. By analyzing case studies and theoretical frameworks, the research delves into the ethical principles that define moral organizations and assesses how these principles are integrated into organizational culture and operations. The study identifies key barriers to achieving moral standards, such as conflicting interests, resource constraints, and institutional inertia, while also highlighting successful examples where ethical aspirations have been effectively realized. Through a comparative analysis of theoretical aspirations and real-world practices, the paper offers insights into the feasibility of creating truly moral organizations and provides recommendations for bridging the gap between ethical ideals and practical realities.