Volume 4, issue 6, 2025
14
THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE AND SPEECH IN UZBEK LINGUISTICS
Rahmonaliyeva Dilshunos Elyorbek qizi
Chirchik State Pedagogical University
Faculty of Humanities Uzbek Language and Literature
Group 23/4 2nd year student
Annotation:
This article provides considerations on the differences and similarities between
language and speech, the direct and indirect relationship between speech and language units.
Keywords:
Language, speech, expressive, cognitive, indifactional task.
Language is a signified, systematic, social phenomenon that is a means of communication
between people in society. It is a product of human thought and has developed along with the
development of humanity. Language exists in oral and written form. Language and speech are
the main concepts in linguistics, they are interconnected, but different phenomena.
Language obeys grammatical laws and is passed down from generation to generation. Language
has its own signs and characteristics. They are:
1) a signified system (phoneme, morpheme, word, sentence);
2) a social phenomenon (used by all members of society);
3) Stable and universal.
At the same time, there are also the main functions of language:
1. Communicative function - establishing communication between people.
2. Expressive function - expressing emotions and mood.
3. Cognitive function - expressing and preserving knowledge.
4. Aesthetic function - expressing beauty through literature and art.
5. Identification function - expressing national identity.
Components of language:
• Phonetic system - a system of sounds,
• Lexical system - vocabulary,
• Grammatical system - word formation and sentence structure,
• Semantic system - a system of meaning.
Speech is the process of expressing thought through language, that is, the practical use of
language. Speech can be oral and written. That is, it is an activity of expressing one's thoughts in
oral and written form. Speech is based on language, but always occurs in concrete reality. Speech,
in turn, has its own characteristics. They are:
1) individual (each person speaks in his own way);
2) practical (used in real life);
3) variable and situational.
The importance of individual speech is that if the same speech process is observed, not every
person uses exactly the same attitude and speech unit to a given reality. There may be similarities,
but there is no exactness. For example, when observing the speech of people who are happy
about something, some express their emotions through their speech, some people express their
emotions in the form of vo-o-o-oy or a-a-a-a-a-a, or naho-o-o-o-tki, which can be expressed in
the form of rostden, which is considered an individual form. If we turn to the practical
phenomenon, it is known that speech is used to express a goal and speech is used realistically,
that is, it is expressed through pronunciation, sound, tone. This expresses its reality.
Volume 4, issue 6, 2025
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The variable and situational nature of speech indicates that the process of transition from one
topic or situation to another is inherent in speech. For example, if two people are medical
professionals and are having a conversation related to this field, the topic can change even if
someone intervenes in the conversation or directly sees something. There are several types of
speech:
1. By form - oral speech and written speech,
2. By direction - monologue and dialogue,
3. By level of readiness - prepared, unprepared,
4. By function - informative, descriptive and influential speech.
The relationship between language and speech is one of the important theoretical issues of
linguistics. They are inextricably linked, and one cannot exist without the other.
Language is a tool, speech is an action, language is a national treasure, speech is a personal
activity, language is a system based on laws, and speech is a process that arises on the basis of
this system.
The variable and situational nature of speech indicates that the process of transition from one
topic or situation to another is inherent in speech. For example, if two people are medical
professionals and are having a conversation related to this field, the topic can change even if
someone intervenes in the conversation or directly sees something. There are several types of
speech:
1. By form - oral speech and written speech,
2. By direction - monologue and dialogue,
3. By level of readiness - prepared, unprepared,
4. By function - informative, descriptive and influential speech.
The relationship between language and speech is one of the important theoretical issues of
linguistics. They are inextricably linked, and one cannot exist without the other.
Language is a tool, speech is an action, language is a national treasure, speech is a personal
activity, language is a system based on laws, and speech is a process that arises on the basis of
this system.
To summarize, language and speech are closely related. Language is a tool, and speech is the
activity of using this tool. Speech sets language in motion, and language is the basis for creating
speech. Therefore, it is necessary to study them not separately, but as complementary phenomena.
List of used literature:
1. Karimov A. “General Linguistics” – Tashkent, 2009
2. Nogaybaeva S. “Theory of the Modern Uzbek Language” – Tashkent, 2021
3. Saussure F. “Course in General Linguistics”
4. Sodiqov A. Jorayev M. “Introduction to Linguistics” – Tashkent, 2007
5. Ghoziyev E. “Fundamentals of Speech Culture” – Tashkent, 2015.
