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THE INVESTIGATION OF PHRASEOLOGY IN KARAKALPAK LINGUISTICS
Adimova Nilufar Kamiljanovna
PhD student of Karakalpak State University
Every country possesses its own unique set of phraseological units, which serve as a valuable
repository of language reflecting the history, culture, and lifestyle of its people. These figurative
and expansive language units vividly capture the human experience, imbuing the language with
distinctiveness and conveying symbolic and associative meanings deeply ingrained in the
consciousness of native speakers. Rather than being spontaneously created during speech,
phraseological units are utilized in their pre-existing form, visually representing the customs,
geography, history, and traditions of specific cultural communities. They encapsulate the subjects
and experiences that evoke strong emotions and sentiments in individuals' lives. Comprising
predominantly of word combinations, phraseologies constitute a distinct component of language,
featuring fixed, figurative expressions that are structurally equivalent to free phrases or sentences,
albeit with full or partial semantic reconstruction. While many phraseologies have unknown
origins and were likely created by the people themselves, some can be traced to specific sources.
Therefore, phraseology represents a microsystem within the broader language system, reflecting
the heritage and values passed down through generations. The phraseological system comprises
phraseological units and their interrelationships. Phraseologisms are word combinations consisting
of multiple words, with stable meanings and forms. They are used figuratively and have historical
norms and methods of use, with their meanings clarified within specific speech contexts. Unlike
sentences, which are units of speech, phraseologisms are considered a distinct lexical unit and
share many characteristics with words. There are various hypotheses regarding the definition of
the object of phraseology, but it is generally understood as the study of the spiritual and structural
properties of phraseological units, their presence in the language system, and their usage
characteristics.
The term "phraseology" is derived from the Greek word "frama" (phraseos) and is used in
two senses in linguistics: to refer to existing phraseological units in a language and as the field that
studies such units. Phraseology can be defined as the study of expressions, and like other areas of
linguistics, it has undergone stages of development. Although phraseology has ancient origins, the
formal study of phraseology has been ongoing for about two hundred years. The Swiss scholar
Charles Bally is considered the founder of phraseology, as he included specific chapters on the
analysis of word combinations in his work "French Stylistics" (1909). Meanwhile, Ferdinand de
Saussure discussed the concept of syntagma and its characteristics, emphasizing that there are pre-
existing units in a language whose linguistic nature is based on their meaning and syntactic
properties, and are used in a traditional, ready-made manner. Phraseology is a rapidly advancing
field within linguistics, and while it has been studied extensively in Russian and English linguistics
for a long time.
From the 17th century to the middle of the 20th century, in the history of linguistics M.V.
Lomonosov, V.A. Dal, A.A. Potebnya, F. F. Fortunatov, F. I. Buslaev, Sh. Bally, A.A.
Shakhmatov, V.V. Vinogradov, A.I. Efimov, N.M. Shansky laid the foundation for the formation
of phraseology as a separate linguistic field in their scientific works. Early works devoted to the
issue of phraseology served more as a lexicographic object. During this period, phraseologisms
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were given in dictionaries and attention was paid to defining their essence and etymology. The
study of Turkic phraseology began at the end of the 1940s.
Phraseological units in Karakalpak language were mentioned for the first time in 1968 in E.
Berdimuratov's work entitled "Lexicology of the Karakalpak language of the present time" [3].
The author contrasts phraseological units with free word units and includes compound terms and
proverbs in the composition of phraseological word units. Phraseologisms are still not fully
explored in Karakalpak linguistics. However, in a series of works on lexicology, Professor E.
Berdimuratov paid special attention to phraseologisms in his work entitled "Development of the
functional style of the literary language and the development of the Karakalpak lexicon". It talks
about the role of phraseology in the composition of the text and their widespread use as one of the
lexical-semantic tools of description in literary works, and the use of phraseological combinations
by writers in accordance with the requirements of the literary style.
In 1972, docent S.T. Nawrizbaeva's work [5] on the phraseological units of Karakalpak
language was published. In the monograph, the difference of phraseological units of the
Karakalpak language from simple phrases, compound words, proverbs, terms, polysemy,
processes of homonymy, antonymy, and synonymy were studied. At the same time, the methods
of presentation of phraseological units in the Russian-Karakalpak dictionary and their translation
into Russian are emphasized.
The first short phraseological dictionary on phraseologisms was developed under the
authorship of J. Eshbaev. This work[4] has become one of the most necessary material and
educational tool for the community of learners in Karakalpak language lexicology. It consists of 2
sections, i.e., in the first section, the works written in Russian and Turkic languages, the works
written about the phraseological units of the current Karakalpak language are briefly researched.
In it, the author expressed his personal views on the opinions of the researchers and analyzed the
specific lexical-semantic features of phraseological units in the Karakalpak language based on
linguistic facts.
The structure and form of phraseological combinations of Karakalpak language was
specially studied in G. Aynazarova's candidacy dissertation. This paper [5] describes the features
of phonetic, grammatical and stylistic use of two-component phraseologisms, which are reflected
in the unique structure of phraseological units in Karakalpak language. With the works mentioned
above it cannot be concluded that the study of phraseological units is finished in Karakalpak
linguistics. On the contrary, Karakalpak phraseology is still in its infancy. Phraseological materials
are genetically, functionally, and semantically diverse. This creates some difficulties in defining
the object of phraseology. In fact, phraseological word formations in linguistics have not yet been
put into a system and have not been fully resolved. That is why we should increase the number of
phraseology, which is considered a rich treasure that our people have preserved for centuries, and
preserve and pass it on to the next generation. So, it is obvious that the study of phraseology is an
important issue.
REFERENCES:
1.Aynazarova G. B. Qaraqalpaq tilinde teńles eki komponentli frazeologizmler: Filol. ilim. kan....
dis.-Nókis, 2000.
2.Ashurova D. U., Galiyeva M. R. Cultural linguistics – Toshkent: VneshInvestProm, 2019.
3.Berdimuratov E. Házirgi zaman qaraqalpaq tiliniń leksikologiyasi. - Nókis, 1968.
4.Eshbaev J. Qaraqalpaq tiliniń qısqasha frazeologiyalıq sózligi. - Nókis: «Qaraqalpaqstan», 1985.
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5.Nawrızbaeva S.T. Фразеологические единицы в каракалпакгого-русском словаре. -
Tashkent. 1972.
6.Vinogradov, V. V. (1977). Selected Works. Lexicology and lexicography. Nauka.
К ВОПРОСУ СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ И ДИСКУРСИВНЫХ ЕДИНИЦ В
КОРЕЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Азимова Амира Муминовна, Старший-преподаватель
Узбекский государственный университет мировых языков
Изучение синтаксиса в последнее время дополняется взаимоотношением языка и
мысли – область совместного исследования философии, психологии, филологии,
языкознания и многих других наук. Это приводит к актуализации коммуникативного
аспекта изучения языка, в частности, корейского. Актуальность изучения данной темы
заключается в том, в корейском языке вопрос синтаксической единицы имеет разные точки
зрения и теории. Чаще всего, вопрос касается категоризации словосочетания и как
начальной синтаксической единицы. В изучении коммуникативных единиц особо важными
стали научные труды Ко Джонок. Ким Фил [5], а также и Лим Су, Пак Сон Гу и других [10],
исследовавших не только коммуникативные единицы, но и пословицы и поговорки в
корейском языке. Важна роль научных трудов корейских и европейских ученых, таких как:
Kim Phil. Korean Studies. Journal of the Central Asian Association for Korean Studies. Korea.
(2001г.), Климас И.С. Краткие сведения по некоторым вопросам фразеологии русского
языка. Курск. (1998г.), Верещагин Е.М., Костомаров В.Г. Приметы времени и места в
идиоматике речемыслительной деятельности. М., (1999г.),
문금현
.
국어의
관용
표현
연구
.
태학사
(2002
년
),
서정수
.
국어문법
.
한양대학교
출판부
(1996
년
),
남기심
.
표준국어문법론
.
탄출판사
(2006
년
),
문금현
.
국어의
관용
표현
연구
.
태학사
(2002
년
),
박영원
.
양재찬
.
한국속담
~
성어
백과사전
.
서울
. 2002
년
.
Сосредоточенность в синтаксисе таких специальных языковых средств, без которых
это общение не может быть осуществлено, определяет отношение синтаксиса к другим
сферам грамматического строя языка, прежде всего к морфологии. Единицы морфологии
неоднородны. С одной стороны, это слова как носители лексико-грамматических значений,
как лексемы, объединяющиеся в грамматические классы (части речи) и лексико-
грамматические разряды. Функционируя в сообщении и для сообщения, слова имеют еще
и другое назначение: они выступают как единицы номинации, называния. Знаменательное
слово существует как название - предмета, признака, действия, состояния. Собранные в
словаре, слова представляют именно этот, называющий аспект языковой системы. С другой
стороны, единицами морфологии являются формы слов. Природа их очень сложна. Формы
слова принадлежат слову, организуют и представляют его. Но функционируют они в
синтаксической конструкции (начиная с элементарных соединений и кончая сложным
текстом), и в этом смысле можно утверждать, что морфология служит синтаксису. Однако
такое утверждение упрощенно представляет реальные отношения в языке. Формы слов
имеют свои собственные, морфологические значения. Сложившись на основе
