Automation and Control Systems

This paper considers unsteady groundwater flow in a system of three aquifers. The hydrogeological structure consists of a highly permeable main aquifer, a poorly permeable interlayer, and a capping layer. The calculations take into account infiltration, evaporation, vertical and horizontal drainage, and interaction with underlying aquifers through the intermediate layer. Finite-difference approximation of differential equations is used to solve the problem.

This article discusses methods of organizing online classes aimed at developing students’ language skills. It reveals the advantages of using online platforms for learning a language and the methodology used in such classes.

The topicality and significance of the subject of dissertation. The world's turnover for the development and dissemination of multimedia tools for the year 1994 amounted to 16 billion. USA dollars, by 2014 this figure had risen to 100 billion. USA dollars. As a result of multcmcdinyh storage technologies, processing, treatment and representation of discrete-continuous data in 2012 were 83%. A feature of modem multimedia systems arc discrete-continuous nature of their operation, above all, it is that the multimedia systems, which arc used in various fields, made up of the individual subsystems. Their status change both continuously and discretely at certain points.
Acceleration of the dynamics of processes in all spheres of human activity, the increasing complexity of industrial production, social, economic and political life naturally led, on the one hand, a rapid increase in demand for information knowledge. However, this process has created the urgent need to create new tools, technologies based on special methods, models, algorithms and software package that allows to organize, send, receive, process, information flows, creating a user-friendly interface to access to information resources, and thereby providing users with a complete, accurate and easy to read information resources. Thus, the construction of mathematical and information models, efficient algorithms based on them developed problem-oriented software systems for the design of control systems for discrete-continuous processes in processing of information resources TIAV- multimedia systems is the actuality of the task.
Multimedia systems arc a necessary component of the process of using information resources of society, and the pace of their development is largely determined by the rate of accumulation of professional knowledge. A large number of audio-visual information has become available in digital form, in the form of digital files, on the Internet, a broadcast stream, as well as in the form of private or professional databases. The value of information is often dependent because, as it is easy to find, extract, filter, and manage.
Multimedia information plays an important role in society, being recorded on the medium, or acting in real time from the audio or visual sensors in analog or digital form. While audiovisual information originally intended for people who arc now increasingly such data arc generated and transmitted and perceived computer systems. The development of information and communication technologies, increasing the information resources of society, and the pace of their development is largely determined by the rate of accumulation, processing of information resources.
The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to further the implementation and development of modem information and communication technologies" on March 21, 2012, № PR-1730 identified the priorities in the development and implementation of modem systems of computerization and information-communication technologies. The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the organization of the media center of the National Television and Radio Company of Uzbekistan" from 24.02.2011, № PR-1488 and in the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the organization of information and library provision of population of the Republic" from 20.06.2006, the attention is paid to the development of multimedia technologies and systems.
All processes in multimedia systems arc discrete-continuous; as a result, there is a need to develop models of efficient algorithms, software system and such automated multimedia systems, which would include online design engineers TIAV containers, based on the usage class objects of TIAV. Analysis of problems and challenges of designing multimedia system shows the presence of difficulties in the development of information, functional, dynamic models, efficient algorithms and implementation of the organizational structure of software TIAV-entertainment system.
Purpose of research development of methods, models and algorithms for discrete-continuous processing of information resources in TIAV-multimcdia systems.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
conceptual model TIAV-multimcdia system, with multiple defined constraints on its elements (factors) used for the design of the output performance of the media process, which will reduce the time input of information resources, make informed optimal solutions for multimedia process and identify system-wide requirements;
developed a mathematical model TIAV-multimcdia system, using regression equations describing the dynamic processes of forecasting targets based on input factors and linear differential equations determining the dynamics of the stochastic process of multimedia;
a mathematical model developed computational models, proven range of restrictions, allowing to obtain sustainable solutions;
developed a discrete-continuous model with the properties of focus, of course, simplicity, adequacy, informativeness, stability, integrity, adaptability, manageability, which is determined by the convolution of optimality criteria, which is a convenient way to describe and study a variety of complex systems, processes, based on an integrated approach processing information resources, allowing the description of audio-visual data within the multimedia environment.
The model proves its superiority in the management, systematization of information resources and the application of preferential treatment the flow of incoming user requests;
in the framework of a hierarchical distribution of information resources, the class of multimedia objects TIAV (text, image, audio, video) in order to improve the technical level of the media process, improve the process of creating TIAV containers provide a convenient user experience, moreover, carried out selection criteria formed the main requirements for the handling of information resources that will determine the effectiveness of the use of specific features, limitations and capabilities TIAV-entcrtainmcnt system;
based on the proposed mathematical model developed software TIAV-multimcdia system, including the online system - Designer TIAV containers, allowing the organization of multimedia process by creating and broadcasting TIAV containers, providing a friendly interface for non-trained users with information resources TIAV-entcrtainmcnt system.
Conclusion
The dissertation is the application of systems analysis and synthesis, optimization, discrete and continuous linear programming method, the general theory of management, probability theory, decision theory, the following results were obtained in the development of methods, models and algorithms for decisionmaking in discrete-continuous processes TIAV- multimedia systems:
1. Implemented analysis of the use of discrete-continuous processing of information resources for multimedia systems, allowing them to identify the specific characteristics and determine the trends of development.
2. In the framework of a hierarchical distribution of information resources, the class of multimedia objects TIAV (text, image, audio, video) to improve the technical level of the media process, improve the process of creating TIAV containers provide a convenient user experience, moreover, carried out selection criteria formed the basic requirements applicable to the processing of information resources that will determine the effectiveness of the use of specific features, limitations and capabilities TIAV-entcrtainmcnt system.
3. The proposed conceptual model TIAV-multimcdia system, taking into account the restrictions on the factors in multimedia systems, forming a plurality of structural and design options, analyze performance, providing the organization of multimedia process on a new methodology based on design allows to reduce terms of input information resources to get the best solutions for the multimedia process and define a system-wide requirements.
4. The developed mathematical model TIAV-multimcdia system, allowed to formulate the idea of functioning of the multimedia system, the relationship of parameters, predicting the behavior of the system, finding the optimal conditions, the development of software that meets the following requirements, the adequacy of the information content of the object of design with a given accuracy required for the design and management , reflect the actual physical connection of control actions with the parameters of the model: the minimum time for the implementation and the smallest amount of computer memory.
5. The study found that software TIAV-multimcdia system allows the flow to service users coming with intensity X (person / min) for the average service time per user each container TIAV 0.05 (min). The system can service (during formation of queues) not more than 14 members.
6. Holding elections computational method to estimate the parameters of the proposed mathematical model to support a systematic approach to the synthesis of adaptive control TIAV-multimcdia system, contributing to the rapid adoption of the best solutions for managing multimedia process.
7. The developed algorithm TIAV-entcrtainmcnt system to select the optimal number of multimedia objects, convolution of criteria corresponding properties Krotov. The optimum amount TIAV containers in a multimedia system is 5-7 per user, so that the average residence time of users in the multimedia system does not exceed the predetermined optimum operating time TIAV containers, i.e. tsisl<t:ad that the condition, as well as the probability characteristics of service users in determining the optimal amount TIAV containers, ie the probability of failure is close to 0.03 sec .; relative and absolute capacity of up to 4 TIAV containers / min; the average number of users queued 2-3 people; the average number of employed TIAV container reaches 5-6; the average residence time users in a multimedia system is from 30-105 minutes.
8. Conduct pilot operation TIAV-multimcdia system, while the results were compared with existing analogs, as a result of industrial exploitation of software and algorithmic complex proposed TIAV - multimedia system automate the collection, processing and storage of multimedia information, managed to raise the level of perception of the media, complete perception of the information resources has increased from 89% to 98% relative to the existing analogues, the processing unit of the multimedia data dropped from 0.05 to 0.033 m, or 1.2 times.

В статье рассматривается стандартного описание рабочих мест для решения проблем алгоритмизации управления сложными системами. Предлагается описание процесса решения задачи управления объектом на основе алгоритмического подхода. Разработаны методы композиции ТФ для алгоритмического синтеза комплексов рабочих мест, управляющих мониторов.

The article describes the state of development of small business and private entrepreneurship and the factors affecting it, the socio-economic aspects of the development of the sector and the evaluation of structural changes.

The article develops a mathematical model describing the processes of nonlinear filtration of groundwater in multilayer heterogeneous porous media that affect the flow of groundwater and the transport of pollutants.

In the study, the author focuses on the development of regulatory approaches to the functioning of the financial sector in the context of digitalization. The concept of financial technology is considered. As examples, new digital solutions currently being introduced in the financial sector are indicated. The main problems associated with the implementation of digital technologies in the activities of the subjects of the financial system are revealed. It is concluded that for the successful further development of the Russian financial sector, it is necessary, with the direct participation of the Bank of Russia, to form an appropriate legal framework that will create conditions for the effective implementation of new digital technologies by financial market entities.

The aim of the research work is to develop an encrgy-resourcc-saving tool for quality loosening, removal of weeds and soil crusts on ridges, and also to form a mulching layer on their surfaces.
The scientific novelty of the study is as follows:
the constructive scheme of the tool for complete processing of ridges is developed and the technological process of work is grounded;
the design of a rotary ripper for the destruction of weed vegetation and the quality loosening of the soil on the slopes of the ridges have been developed;
on the basis of analytical dependencies, describing the processes of processing the loosening paw of the bottom of the furrow, the rotary ripper of the ridge of the ridges, and the tooth ripper of their apex, their optimal parameters have been determined;
the uniformity of the processing of the tooth ripper is substantiated depending on the position of the longitudinal traction of the parallelogram mechanism to which it is mounted.

This article analyzes the challenges encountered in the digital processing of images of human internal organs obtained through video endoscopy, as well as methods for addressing them. Although video endoscopic images are widely used in medicine for diagnostics and surgical planning, their quality can be degraded by factors such as insufficient lighting, noise, geometric distortions, and variations in color balance. Moreover, the biological variability of the human body and pathological differences in disease manifestation adversely affect the accuracy of artificial intelligence models. The article substantiates the relevance of applying modem algorithmic approaches, including deep learning technologies, to improve image quality and enhance diagnostic efficiency.

The research aim is to develop agrotechnological means by improving seeding timing and planting rate to achieve higher emergence and survival rate of sprouts, qualitative and quantitative yields of Iskandar and Ilgor rice varieties in conditions of meadow-boggy soil type of the Tashkent region.
The scientific novelty of the research is as the followings:
optimal seeding rate and timing of the new Iskandar and Ilgor varieties of the medium duration rice were developed for the first time in conditions of the meadow-boggy soil type of the Tashkent region;
influence of seeding rate and timing on rice emergence and plant population depending of external factors (air temperature and sunshine duration) was explored;
impact of seeding rate and timing on duration of inter-stage periods, development of productive stems and leaf area, net productivity of photosynthesis, aboveground biomass accumulation of the Iskandar and Ilgor varieties of the medium duration rice was determined;
influence of seeding rate and timing on the crop components, yield and rice quality was defined;
High and positive correlations between seeding rate/timing and leaf area index/rice glassiness were found.

This article covers the basic concepts of the Python programming language in a simple and understandable way. The article explains the capabilities, syntax, and practical uses of the Python language for new users with consistent and clear examples. The article also provides information about Python’s "pythonic" - that is, its unique and recommended writing style. The material is intended for students, students, and independent learners who are just starting out in programming.

Ushbu ilmiy izlanishda asosan xozirgi kundagi intellektual transport tizimlaridagi foydalanilayotgan tizimlar tahlili qolaversa ularda uchrayotgan muammolar qarab chiqilgan. So‘nggi o‘n yil ichida turli xil sharoitlarni (masalan, haydovchi monitoringi, shinalar bosimi, yog‘ bosimi, avtomobil tezligi, tezlashuv va joylashuvi) kuzatish uchun komponentlarni o‘z ichiga olgan ko‘plab transport vositalari paydo bo‘ldi. Narsalar interneti (IoT) ma’lum bir muhitdan har xil turdagi ma’lumotlarni to‘plash imkonini beradi. Ikkala tendentsiya natijalarining integratsiyasi transport vositalari interneti (IoV) kontseptsiyasining paydo bo‘lishiga olib keldi. IoVni amalga oshirish turli texnologiyalardan foydalangan holda boshqa qurilmalar va infratuzilma bilan aloqa o‘rnatish uchun qurilmalarni (datchiklar, shaxsiy qurilmalar, aktuatorlar va boshqalar) talab qiladi. Bunday qurilmalarning o‘zaro ta’siri qurilmalar o‘rtasidagi nomuvofiqlik, internetga ulanish uchun turli sifatlar va javob vaqtlari, cheklangan ishlov berish va saqlash imkoniyatlari kabi bir qancha muammolariga olib keldi. Ushbu muammolarning qisqacha tahlili ushbu maqolada qarab chiqilgan. 

Interactive methods, innovative technologies, pedagogical and attention and interest in the use of digital technologies in the educational process every day becomes stronger. This article is modern to enrich the imagination when studying computer science electronic textbooks, animation and video using pedagogical technologies highlights the importance of using tools today.

Ushbu maqolada axborot xavfsizligi va uning tizimlarining asosiy komponentlari, axborotlashtirish vositalari va tizimlarining axborotga nisbatan xavfsizlik monitoringini o‘rnatish uchun bir qator parametrlarni aniqlash haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Мамлакатимизда олиб борилаётган ислоҳотлар натижаси ўлароқ сўнгги йилларда таълим тизимининг барча босқичларини замонавий талаблар асосида ташкил этиш бўйича амалий ишлар ҳал қилувчи босқичга кирди.

Research objects: cutting elements of excavating parts of earth-moving machines and open cut excavators;
The the work purpose: creating scientific principles of the wear theory of cutting elements and design constructor-technological determines on their base, which increase longevity of excavating parts of earth-moving machines.
Research methods: Were used biomechanical and mathematical modeling of wear-out process of cutting elements, their interactions with earth, were applied methods of the numerical analysis, scientific points of theories of friction and wear-out, prediction and statistical обработка got results. The experimental studies were conducted on stand and in natural condition with using the modem metrological equipment on standard methods and with using method of the planning the experiment.
The got results and their novelty: there were designed discrete phase dynamic model of earth cutting, which formalizes the process of chip forming, developments overtaking rifts and wear. Also there were offered method of determining optimal construction of cutting elements based on realization of biomechanical principles.
Practical value: Using the offered methods, algoritms and models can allow design and prediction of influence constructor-technological desicions to wear resistance of cutting elements during the project process. Based on biomechanical research it was designed optimal engineerings of cutting elements with increased wear resistance and produtivity. Were given rccomcndations on choosing wear resistant fillers.
The Degree of the introduction and cost-performance: Designed recommendations on increasing of longevity cutting organ землеройных of the machines arc introduced in концерне "Avtoyul", Navoiyskom is blazcd-mctallurgical combine (NGMK), trust "Tashgordorstroyrcmont", АООТ "Kurdish mechanization", "UZNIIPROCVETMET", JC "Specsplav", as well as in scholastic process. Expected economic effect from introduction result work in public facilities of the Republic Uzbekistan will form over 5,28 млрд bags (on condition on 2003).
The Application: road construction, agricultural, mining, machine building and scientific-research works.

Subjects of the research: The ring spinning machine «Zinser», cotton fiber and yarn samples produced from it.
Purpose of work: Improve the quality of yarn on the basis of theoretical research and practical and optimization of parameters of ring spinning machine «Zinser».
Method of research: Of properties of yarn carried on the researching equipment of certification center named after «CENTEXUZ» at TITLI, also on the modern test equipment installed in the laboratory branch of “Gurlan teks” foreign company “Muruvvat teks”. There are used the theory of mechanics of yarns, methods of mathematical statistics and analysis of the experiment in this thesis.
The results obtained and their novelty: The influence of spindle speed and twist on the properties of the yarn was studied. Defined the dominant influence on the properties of the yarn twist, and with increasing number of twist the difference of actual twist increases than nominal. Justified that by changing the size of the triangle of twisting may improve the structure of the yarn and improving its quality. Strain components are estimated with great accuracy using strain created by the test apparatus. Determined that the compact yarn has a higher tensile force compared to the conventional yarn by 14% and hairiness below 80%.
Practical value: Based on research of the effect speed spindle and twist on the properties of the yarn recommended optimal operating parameters of high-speed ring spinning machines. Rationale for ways to improve the quality of the actual yarn is of great practical importance.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity: The results of the thesis introduced in the spinning machine with 1200 spindles in branch “Gurlan teks” foreign company “Muruvvat teks” and economic efficiency of 43180.35 thousand sum. per year.
Field of application: Mills of spinning.

The aim of the research work is to develop recommendations and proposals for improving the processes of effective organization of the functioning of integrated information systems in the activities of the treasury bodies.
Scientific novelty' of the research work consists of the following provisions: improved stages of input, processing, analysis and presentation of primary data on the basis of expanding the functional capacities of integrated information systems of treasury bodies;
improved econometric models of the processing of financial and economic information in integrated information systems of treasury bodies, which allows the transition from disparate data sets for the execution of budgets accumulated in the offices of the republican treasury and located throughout the country, to unified databases;
the methodology for implementing treasury integrated information systems in the context of the formation of a single information space based on «Electronic Government» platform is improved;
proposed the technology for effective information interaction of the integrated information system of the treasury with informational systems of government, which allows to avoid duplication of functional operations in business processes of transfering reports and directories from one database to another republican treasury.

This article delves into the application of the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm in image classification within the realm of machine learning. It explores how KNN, a simple yet effective algorithm, can be utilized to classify images based on their features and similarities to other data points in a dataset.

This article explores the process of generating an Al model for object detection in images. It delves into the intricacies of data preprocessing, model selection, training methodologies, and evaluation metrics. By understanding these steps, developers can create robust object detection systems capable of identifying objects accurately in various contexts.

The Fingerprint-Based Attendance System has emerged as a robust and secure method for accurately recording attendance in various organizations and educational institutions. This research paper explores the development,
implementation, and evaluation of such a system, highlighting its advantages, challenges, and potential future enhancements. Through a combination of literature review and practical experimentation, this paper aims to provide insights into the effectiveness and reliability of fingerprint-based attendance systems.

В статье обоснована необходимость формирования цифровой компетентности у будущих учителей, что влечет за собой необходимость модернизации профессиональных образовательных программ и методики преподавания дисциплин и проведения практик. Уточнено понятие «цифровая компетентность», определены цель и задачи формирования цифровой компетентности у будущих учителей. Цифровая компетентность позволяет сделать будущего учителя более востребованным и конкурентоспособным.

The rapid evolution of cyber threats demands innovative approaches to network security. This article delves into the realm of AI-driven network security, exploring how artificial intelligence is revolutionizing threat detection, response, and prevention in modern network infrastructures. We discuss the key techniques, benefits, and challenges associated with AI in network security.

Ushbu maqolaning maqsadi elektron hukumatning davlat boshqaruvi tizimidagi o‘rni, uning qarorlar qabul qilish jarayonlariga va davlat organlari va fuqarolarning o‘zaro hamkorligiga ta’sirini ko‘rib chiqishdan iborat.

Objects of research. Main parameters of electrical classifier for collection seeds of a cotton
The purpose of work. Development and research main parameters of electrical classifier for fluffy seeds of cotton
Methods of researches. Methods are carried out by certain physical feature of seeds of cotton. Theoretical researches are carried out by basis of results before studied theory of electromagnetic fields. Experimental researches are performed in using with methods of mathematic planning of many factors research and mathematical statistics.
The received results and their novelty. Researching of main physic feature of collection seed of a cotton, theoretical basics of separating fluffy seeds of cotton to fraction by means of the cylinder dielectric work part, end of the development design and mode parameters of the electrical classifier, results of economical efficiency with use of electrical classifier.
The scientific novelty. Main physical feature of fluffy collection seeds of cotton, parameters of the surface polarization of seed in the different polar electrodes, radius of the different polar electrodes and mathematical modeling of movement path of separated seeds, scientific based of design and mode parameters electrical classifier for fluffy seeds of cotton.
The practical importance. Increased in 10 times on separating process of with high accuracy of collection seeds of a cotton provides the practical importance of germination energy of seeds and its germination rate up corresponding to 4 and 8%.
Degree of application and economic efficiency. The equipment received for preparation of collection seeds and elite seeds where keeps in UzCSRI’s gene foundation.
Using electrical classifiers provides making 2,3 million sums economic benefit per year at the expense of electromechanization hand works
Sphere of usage. Cotton seed laboratory