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PHRASEOLOGICAL COMBINATIONS IN AMERICAN ENGLISH
Parizoda KHAKIMOVA
Student of International Journalism faculty, UzSWLU
Phraseological combinations that are based on American English. The majority of
English phraseological combinations' creators are still a mystery to science. This issue
stands out in particular in articles that are thought to be a form of stable combination.
In all languages, but notably in English, phraseological combinations are a form of folk
art that express the culture's linguistic sophistication and wisdom. The traditions, habits,
and beliefs of the English people, as well as historical truths and facts about English
history that we are aware of and are not aware of, are reflected in several phraseological
units. Many phraseological structures have their origins in business communication.
Changes in the meanings of words that are related to one another are the primary source
of phraseological combinations. Many English expressions have their origins in literary
and artistic works. In terms of the amount of phraseological combinations used in
English, the Bible comes in first place after literary sources, while Shakespearean
phraseology comes in second. Phraseology may also be found in literary works,
children's poetry, fairy tales, and caricatures. Phraseological fusions, phraseological
units, and phraseological collocations or combinations are the three categories into
which V.V. Vinogradov divides phraseology. Components of phraseological fusion are
phraseologies that are unrelated to the meaning of the entire phrase. Words with a
certain valence compose phraseological units.
Such phraseological units often have one literal and one metaphorical use. To
some extent, phraseological units are semantically inseparable. For instance: the play's
central character, Heavy Father; to kick the bucket, to pass away. The bureaucratic
approach is an example of a phraseologies, which has the same meaning overall. A
phrase might have an entirely new meaning through phraseological fusion.
Contrary to phraseological combinations, however, their meanings cannot be
inferred from the meanings of their individual parts.
In Stoffen's Studies in English, Written and Spoken, the Bible is frequently cited
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as the source of words and phrases. The author of the chapter "Scriptural phrases and
Allusions in Modern" conducted a scientific examination of biblical phrases and their
etymologies.
L.P. Smith is also connected to the study of Biblicism in Western languages. In
his work, Phraseology of the English Language, he researched the terms from the Bible.
It is difficult to assemble and include all of the English translations of biblical terms,
according to the author. L.P. Smith contends that there are literal translations of ancient
Greek and Hebrew idioms into biblical idiomatic phrases that are found in English, in
addition to a number of biblical vocabulary. The investigation led to the following
instances of phraseological pairings with biblically-related culinary components:
Adam's apple is a pair of apples,
the apple of Sodom is a lovely,
fresh fruit,
milk and honey are plentiful, and so on.
Waiting impatiently for manna from heaven; a prohibited fruit that is a forbidden
moist food.
Bible Terminologies English food component phraseologies include words like
apple, bread, milk, fat, and olive as well as other food terms. In English, place names
are also connected to phraseological components. The scientific writings of M.
Rajabova contain their examination and investigation. Place name research is regarded
to be a subject of history, geography, and linguistics in addition to linguistics. The study
of linguoculturalism in the context of phraseologies that go along with place names, to
highlight their national and cultural features, is one of the current concerns in modern
linguistics. These units are some instances of place names: have enjoyed a flattering
kiss on the Blarney Stone. English mythology states that a person who kisses a huge
stone in front of Blair's castle in Ireland has the flaws of flattery and sloth; go for a
Burton - to die, to turn a blind eye, to leave without a trace. A little brewing community
in Staffordshire is called Barton.
The statement was initially used by British pilots in remembrance of their World
War II comrades-in-arms. According to L.P. Smith, there are many biblical terms in
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English in addition to biblical idioms, which are direct translations of classical Hebrew
and Greek idioms. For instance, the phrase "to add" or "to swallow an apple" is
translated as "Adam's apple," a phraseological unit containing a food component.
George walked into the property broker's office. He was an older, rather brazen
man with a narrow neck and an obvious Adam's apple.
A forbidden fruit is a moist fruit that is prohibited. It is odd that many places with
the greatest water needs, like California and Texas, have herge reserves in their front
yards. However, the seawater's salt content makes it a forbidden fruit.
Many phrases in the Bible that refer to food have their origins primarily in the
Bible.
Phraseological fusions are phraseologies in which the individual component
meanings are independent of the overall meaning of the phrase. For instance,
phraseologies with a single meaning that is independent of the meaning of the words in
them are "heavy father," which refers to the lead character in a theatrical production,
"to kick the bucket," which means to pass away, and "red tape." A combination of
words whose meaning has shifted is known as phraseological fusion. The meaning of
phraseological combinations can be inferred from the meaning of the individual
phraseological parts. A metaphor effectively and unambiguously conveys meaning.
Phraseological combinations have the most reliable lexical components.
Phraseologisms like "to look a gift horse in the mouth" (to examine a present too
critically, to criticize something one has obtained without effort), "to ride a high horse"
(to behave in a superior, haughty, overbearing way), "a big bug" (a person of
importance), and "a fish out of water" (a person uncomfortable outside his usual and
proper environment) are examples of phraseological combinations. There are several
phrasal verbs. Some of them are even international and simple to translate.
For instance, understanding the direction and location of the wind is important.
Words with a particular valence are referred to as phraseological units. Such
phraseological units often have one literal and one metaphorical usage for each of their
components. Semantically, phraseological units are rather indivisible. Phraseological
units are word combinations that have been slightly transformed. These phraseological
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units' meanings can be inferred from the meanings of the individual words that make
them up. Examples of phraseological units include being at one's wits' end, being a
goodhand at something, coming off as a terrible second, coming to a sticky end, sticking
at nothing, gospel truth, and best buddy. The semantic properties of occupational
phraseological units, which represent ideas directly connected to human work activity,
demonstrate that they are tied to human physical labor in both languages.
There are many phraseological combinations in American English, which are
widely used and recognized by English speakers around the world. Here are some
common examples:
1.
"Kick the bucket": means to die.
2.
"Bite the bullet": means to face a difficult situation with courage.
3.
"Break a leg": means good luck (often used in theater).
4.
"Hit the road": means to leave.
5.
"Barking up the wrong tree": means to pursue a mistaken or fruitless course of
action.
6.
"A picture is worth a thousand words": means that a visual image can convey
more than words alone.
7.
"Chew the fat": means to chat or have a casual conversation.
8.
"In a nutshell": means to summarize something in a brief and concise manner.
9.
"Out of the blue": means unexpectedly or without warning.
10.
"Spill the beans": means to reveal a secret.
These are just a few examples of the many phraseological combinations that exist
in American English. Each expression has its own unique meaning and usage, and
understanding these nuances is key to mastering the language.
References
1.
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//
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References to Internet sources
7.
http://www.phraseonet.com/en/phraseological-units#:~:text=
Phraseological%20units%20are%20the%20lexicalized,are%20lexico%2Dsyntactic
%20in%20nature
.
8.
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-classification-and-functions-of-
phraseological-units-in-english-language
