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PREDICATIVE CLAUSES IN THE COMPLEX SENTENCES
IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
F.Ibragimova (Master of SamSIFL)
Abstract. The present article is devoted to the analysis of the predicate in the
structure of English and Uzbek complex sentences. The types of independent and
subordinate predicates are investigated as well as types of predicative clauses in the
structure of complex sentences are deeply studied. Theoretical content of the article is
proved by numerous examples.
Key words: sentence, complex, compound, predicate, clause, independent,
subordinate.
There have been many investigations upon the role of predicate as well as predicative
clauses in the English and Uzbek sentences.
Some followers of the substantional approach in linguistics divide predicates into 2
main groups: independent and subordinate types [3].Thus, for example, in order to actualize
predicate particles in the Uzbek language, they may demand another subordinate sentence,
and need not such sentence:
1.
Мен кеча мактабга бордим.
2
. Ўқитувчи келса, дарс бошланади.
3
. Ёмғир ёғмаса эди, экин-тикин ишларини саранжомлаб олган бўлур эдик.
In the first sentence the predicate «
бордим»
actualizes its meaning independently. As
for the second sentence, the predicate «
келса»
actualizes its meaning in the connection with
the second predicate «
бошланади
»in conditional clause. The predicate «
ёғмаса эди
»in the
third sentence actualizes the meaning of wish and condition together with other predicate
«
саранжомлаб олган бўлур эдик
». If we delete the second predicates in the second and
third sentences, the first predicates in these sentences denore just wish or desire:
Ўқитувчи
келса. Ёмғир ёғмаса эди. Саранжомлаб олган бўлур эдик
. Such forms of the predicates
are called independent predicate form:
Мен кеча мактабга бордим.
In this sentences
independent predicate form is «
бордим
».
“If the predicate cannot actualize its meaning independently, it is called subordinate
predicate” [4].Usually subordinate predicates are met in complex sentences. In the grammar
theory there are many viewpoints upon such predicates in complex sentences. We know that
there are complex, compound and compound-complex sentences in the English language [1].
Most of the predicates in the English complex sentences are subordinate. There are
several types of complex sentences which consist of the main clause and subordinate clause.
Subjectivesubordinateclauseincomplexsentence.
«Subjective subordinate clause in
complex sentence fulfill the function of the subject and answer the questions
who, what
»[2].
In such complex sentences the following conjunctions are usually used:
that, whether, if
.
Also such pronouns as
who, whose, what, which
are used. We will give examples:
1.
Whether they will come
(1)
today is not known(2) yet
.
2.
When we shall start
(1)
is uncertain
(2).
In the first sentence the predicate
will come
actualizes its meaning together with the
predicate
shall start
in the second sentencein the structure of complex sentence.
Predicative subordinate clause in complex sentence.
Predicative subordinate clause
in complex sentence is used in order to actualize the meaning of action of the pronoun in the
sentence. For example:
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1.
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
Let’s divide this sentence into 2 parts: 1.
The trouble is that.
2.
I have lost his
address.
The predicate in the second part gives full explanation to the pronoun of the first
part of the sentence.
2.
The question is whether they will be able to help us
.
The part of this sentence
is whether
and the second part
will be able to
actualize their
meaning differently.
3.
The weather is not what it was yesterday
. The first part (
is not
) and the second part
(
was yesterday
)save their meaning even in the structure of simple sentence.
Objective subordinate clause in complex sentence.
Objective subordinate clause in
complex sentence usually answers the questions
what, about what, for what
. Let’s give
some examples:
1.
He told us that he felt ill
.
This sentence consists of two parts: 1.
He told us.
2.
He felt ill
. Both parts are the
same as they are met in the structure of the complex sentence. That’s why we can call them
independent.
2.
They laughed at what he said
.
Here we observe two parts: 1.
They laughed.
2.
He said
.These parts can be used in
both simple and complex sentences. The same is observed in the following sentences:
1.
I‘ll ask him to find out where they live.
2.
He has just goneaway saying that he willreturn in an hour
.
Adverbial subordinate clause in complex sentence.
Adverbial subordinate clause in
complex sentence in order to give explanation to the object discussed. Let’s give examples:
1
. He was an old man who fished alone in a boat in the Gulf Stream.
(E.Hemingway
«The old man and the Sea»).
2.
You were the only person in the world with whom I could be entirely
myself
(E.Hemingway «The old man and the Sea»).
3. It was the blushing young man whose name she didn’t know.
(E.Hemingway «The
old man and the Sea»).
Let’s divide the first sentence into two parts:
1. He was an old man. 2. who (he)fished
alone in a boat in the Gulf Stream
. There are no changes in the meaning of the predicates.
Let’s divide the second sentence: 1.
You were the only person in the world. 2. with
whom (with him) I could be entirely myself.
In these sentences we don’t find any changes in
pronunciation.
Now we’ll divide the third sentence: 1
. It was the blushing young man. 2. whose (his)
name she didn’t know
. Here there are no changes in semantic and grammatical sides. But
the sentences are divided into independent and subordinate.
In adverbial subordinate clauses the predicate can be both independent and
subordinate. In the English language there 8 types of adverbial subordinate clauses [2]. We
will enumerate them:
1. Adverbial clause of time.
It serves to denote the time of action and answers the
questions
when, since when, how long
. The main clause begins with the following means:
when, whenever, while, as, after, before, till, until, as soon as, as long as, since, by the time,
directly
.
2. Adverbial clause of place.
3. Adverbial clause of reason.
4.Adverbial clause of manner.
5. Adverbial clause of result.
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6. Adverbial clause of desire
7.Adverbial clause f condition:
8.
Direct adverbial subordinate clause.
LITERATURE:
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гаплар талқини (ӱзбек ва инглиз тиларидаги матнларнинг қиёсий таӽлили асосида)
Филол.фанлари номз…дисс. Т.:
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б.
2.
Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е.Е. Практическая грамматика английского
языка.
–
Бишкек: Туркестан, 2009.
–
С.414.
3.
Раупова Л.Р. Ӱзбек тилида номустақил кесим масаласи ва [WPm
-WPm]
қурилишли гаплар. Филол.фан. номз….автореф.
-
Т.:1999.
–
Б
– 44.
4.
Сайфуллаева Р.Р., Менглиев Б.Р. ва б. Ҳозирги ўзбек адабий тили.
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технология. 2009.
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