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ASSESSMENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND
SUITABILITY FOR PRODUCTION OF BASALT FIBER OF VOLCANIC
EFFUSIVE ROCKS FOUND IN THE DUSHEBULAK SECTION OF THE
NORTH SULTANUVAYS MOUNTAIN.
Alisher HUDOYKULOV
Assistant of the "General Technical Sciences" department of the Faculty of "Social
Sciences and Technology" of the International University of Asia.
alisherhudoyqulov050712@mail.com
ANNOTATION
This article presents the formation, geological structure and chemical
analysis of the main effusive volcanic rocks in the Dushebulak area. In addition, the
requirements of leading enterprises in the production of continuous basalt fiber were
cited. Based on the data provided by the laboratory of MEGA INVEST INDUSTRIAL
LLC, chemical resistance analysis of samples taken from the promising fields of
Podgornyanskiy, Marneulsk, Georgia, compared with acid resistance, viscosity and
clay-soil level, which determines the suitability for fiber production.
Keywords:
Sultunuvays, Karakuduk, andezibazalt, plagioriodatsit, gabbro,
continuous basalt fiber, acidity modulus. viscosity level, clay-soil level.
SHIMOLIY
SULTONUVAYS
TOG'INING
DUSHEBULOQ
UCHASTKASIDA UCHRAYDIGAN ASOS VULKANOGEN EFFUZIV
JINSLARNING GYeEOLOGIK TUZULISHI VA BAZALT TOLASI
ISHLAB CHIQARISHGA YAROQLILIGINI BAHOLASH.
ANNOTATSIYA
Ushbu maqolada Dushebuloq uchastkasidagi asos effuziv vulkanogen tog'
jinslarining xosil bulishi, geologik tuzilishi va uchastkadan olingan namunalarning
kimyoviy tahlili keltirilgan. Bundan tashqari uzluksiz bazalt tolasi ishlab
chiqarishda yetakchi korxonalar talablari keltirildi. “MEGA INVEST
INDUSTRIAL» MChJ laboratoriyasi taqdim qilgan ma'lumotlar asosida
Ukrainaning
“Podgornyanskiy”
Gruziyaning
“Marneulsk”
istiqbolli
maydonlaridan olingan namunalarining kimyoviy tahlillari orqali tola ishlab
chiqarishga yaroqliligini belgilovchi kislotaga chidamliligi, qovushqoqlik darajasi
va gil-tuproqlilik darajasi o'zaro taqqoslandi.
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Kalit so'zlar:
Sultonuvays, Karakuduk, andezibazalt, plagioriodatsit, gabbro,
uzluksiz bazalt tolasi, kislotalilik moduli. qovushqoqlik darajasi, gil-tuproqlilik
darajasi.
ОЦЕНКА ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СТРОЕНИЯ И ПРИГОДНОСТИ
ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА БАЗАЛЬТОВОЙ ФИБРЫ ВУЛКАНИЧЕСКИХ
ЭФФУЗИВОВ, ОБНАРУЖЕННЫХ НА УЧАСТКЕ ДУШЕБУЛАК ГОРЫ
СЕВЕРНЫЙ СУЛТАНУВАЙС.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье представлены формирование, геологическое строение и
химический
анализ
основных
эффузивных
вулканических
пород
Душебулакского района. Кроме того, были приведены требования ведущих
предприятий по производству непрерывного базальтового волокна. На основе
данных лаборатории ООО «МЕГА ИНДУСТРИАЛ ИНДУСТРИАЛ» проведен
анализ химической стойкости образцов, взятых с перспективных
месторождений Подгорнянского, Марнеульска, Украина, в сравнении с
кислотостойкостью, вязкостью и уровнем глинистости, определяющим
пригодность для производства волокна.
Ключевые
слова:
Султанувайс,
Каракудук,
андезибазальт,
плагиориодацит, габбро, непрерывное базальтовое волокно, модуль
кислотности. уровень вязкости, уровень глинистый грунт.
The area is located in the NW part of the Karakuduk ophiolite strip - an
extended zone of fractured underwater outpourings of basalts and andesites, forming
with tuffs and limestones the lower part of the Karakuduk formation D
2-3
(?) kk.
Previously, under the name Aschebutaktial Square, it was recommended to
study raw materials for the production of continuous basalt fibers by R.A.
Khamidov.
According to his data, the metabasites of the Karakuduk formation form a
homogeneous section and in all parameters they meet the technical conditions of the
industry. The boundaries of the area were adjusted during reconnaissance work, and
the area decreased, due to the exclusion from its boundaries of the watershed part,
blocked by tuffs of medium and acid compositions (the upper part of the section of
the Karakuduk formation).
During reconnaissance work in the northern part of the area, andesibasalt
pelite and psammite tuffs were tested at an outlet of 0,4x2,0 km, between the
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submeridional intrusions of gabbro. Pure, impurity-free tuffs form sections of
60x100x20 m .
In terms of the plot has the shape of a pentagon, elongated in a submeridional-
northwest direction. The length of the area is 5,5 km, the width is more than 2,1 km,
the area is 11,7 sq
2
.
The natural boundaries of the Duschebulak area are: from the north – a plume
of quaternary proluvial deposits of the foothill plain, limiting the root outcrops of
rocks; from the north and south - zones of deep submeridional faults accompanying
the fractured zones of underwater volcanic outpourings, from the south the border is
drawn along the right watershed of the Ashchebulak.
Geologically, the Duschebulak site is a linear fractured outcrop of rocks of the
basalt-andesite-dacite formation forming the Karakuduk suite. Basalts and olivine
basalts, andesibasalts lie at the base of the section, andesites above, andesite dacite
tuffs above them. The section increases from the north to the southeast. Basalts are
deposited on the marbled limestones of the Kazansai formation. The relationship of
basalts with terrigenous shales is poorly studied, the contacts are mostly tecton.
In the plan, the basaltoid rocks of the Karakuduk formation form a frame with
the SW and SW, in the middle part of the ruptured gabbroids of the Sultanuizdag
complex υ
2
D
2-3
(?)s, in which 3 lenticular bodies of serpentinites (antigorite
composition) are marked: - the northern one with a capacity of up to 200 m and a
length of 1700 m; - the middle one with a capacity of 5 to 300 m in the blow-up,
with a length of more than 3700 m; -the western one with a capacity of 50 to 350 m,
with a length of up to 3000 m within the site, which, increasing in capacity to 500
m, goes south beyond the boundaries of the Duschebulak site. Contacts are usually
tectonized.
The Karakuduk formation D
2-3
(?)kk -is traced from northwest to southeast for
more than 40 km, forming a greenstone belt of the Sultunuvais Mountains. It is
composed of green-stone metabasalts, metadiabases, metaandesites, metariodacites,
garnet and non-garnet amphibolites, quartzite and quartz-feldspar-micaceous shales,
micaceous quartzites and marbles. The suite has a three-membered structure.
The lower part is composed of metabasalts, the middle part is metaandesites,
the upper part is metariodacites and metariolites. Capacity 450 m.
The rocks are moderately alumina in chemistry with a high-sodium alkali
slope. The formation type of sodium basalts. The facies of metamorphism is epidote-
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amphibolite.
The formation is broken by dikes and dike-like bodies of diabases of
plagioriodacites and rhyolites of the Karakuduk subvolcanic complex.
No organic residues have been identified. The relationship with the host strata
is unclear. Within the Duschebulak site, formations of the formation can be traced
for 8 km from the northern end of the cr. Sultanuvais reaches the upper reaches of
Beshmazarsai in two bands separated by terrigenous formations of the Kazansai
formation, serpentinites and gabbro massifs. The southern continuation of the bands
outside the site is blocked by Cretaceous-quaternary, the northern one under the
Cretaceous cover, overlapping the rocks of the Karakuduk subvolcanic complex and
the ophiolite band in the middle part of the Sultanuvais ridge.
The rocks recommended for study as raw materials for the production of basalt
fibers form the lower part of the Karakuduk formation. They are represented by
metabasalts of green and dark green color, finely and cryptocrystalline, lying hollow
on the marbled limestone of the Devonian.
The capacity of the productive strata increases from the northwest to the
southeast from 50m to 500m. The chemical composition is shown in the table below.
Results of chemical analysis of basalts for the Dushebulak
№
№
s
ampl
es
Content in%
S
iO
2
A
l
2
O
3
T
iO
2
F
e
2
O
3
F
eО
M
gO
M
nO
C
aO
N
a
2
O
K
2
O
S
O
2
п
пп
1
0/94
4
9,5
1
4,80
0
,85
3
,28
7
,50
8
,60
0
,19
8
,83
3
,31
0
,62
<
0,10
2
,50
1
0/95
5
0,25
1
4,30
1
,10
2
,04
9
,05
7
,40
0
,24
8
,55
3
,0
0
,50
<
0,10
2
,50
1
0/97
5
0,20
1
3,70
1
,15
2
,09
9
,26
8
,10
0
,21
9
,25
2
,92
0
,20
<
0,10
2
,44
1
0/10
0
4
8,30
1
4,54
0
,70
2
,90
7
,47
1
0,15
0
,17
9
,95
2
,42
0
,15
<
0.10
3
,00
1
0/10
5
1,80
1
4,89
0
,72
2
,83
7
,18
7
,50
0
,15
9
,25
3
,51
0
,10
<
0.10
1
,40
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2
1
0/10
3
4
9,50
1
3,80
1
,16
2
,69
9
,15
8
,30
0
,21
8
,13
3
,76
0
,10
<
0.10
2
,80
t
he
aver
age
4
9,92
1
4,34
0
,94
2
,64
8
,26
8
,34
0
,20
8
,99
3
,15
0
,27
<
0.10
2
,44
The metabasites retained traces of the primary ophite structure, but for the
most part they were transformed into amphibolites – plagioclase, epidote-amphibole,
chlorite-actinolite shales with a nematogranoblast structure. The metatufs of
medium-basic composition, common in the northern part of the area, are also
amphibolized, but they have preserved traces of psamite pyroclastic structure.
The primary rocks of the base of the section were basalts of the sodium series,
they are moderate and low-alkaline, moderate and low-alumina. At the level of the
valley talvegs, the metabasalts are dissected by dikes with small subvolcanic bodies
of plagioriodacites. The abundance of acidic inclusions affects the composition of
basalts, enriching them with silica. In the near-contact zones of influence of
ultrabasic and major intrusions, basalts are albitized, actinolitized and enriched with
iron. Accumulations of magnetite and musketovite in contact-altered rocks are
visible to the naked eye. Modified rocks are not suitable as raw materials for the
production of basalt fibers.
Within the area, the section of the Karakuduk formation increases from north
to south-east, so the search for purer subvolcanic basalts should be concentrated in
its northern part.
The middle part of the section of the Karakuduk formation is formed by
metaandesites. They are hollow on basalts in the form of a deposit with a capacity
of 140 m .
They are represented by green-stone modified plagioclase porphyrites of
greenish-gray color. Porphyroclasts of albitized plagioclase make up 25-30%, the
bulk is 70-75%. Chemical analysis of the sample determines the rock as high-
alumina andesites of the sodium series. Due to the high SiO2 content of more than
60%, andesites are not suitable for fiber production.
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The upper part of the section of the Karakuduk formation is exposed on the
right watershed of the Achikuduksai and further south. It is composed of andesite
and dacite pelitic tuffs, forming thin-plate gravelly fragments on the surface. The
capacity is about 290 m. These rocks are not suitable for peturgical production.
The retinue is accompanied by dikes and columnar volcanic bodies of
metabasalts, metaandesites, metariodacites, metariolites, metadacites of the
Karakuduk subvolcanic complex.
The total thickness of the deposits of the Karakuduk formation exceeds 450
m .
Subvolcanic formations tearing the Karakuduk suite form small, sometimes
numerous bodies, confined to the talvegs of the valleys. They are represented by
plagioriodacites of the Karakuduk complex ρλξD
2-3
(?)k. Plagioriodacites have gray,
greenish - and pinkish-gray coloration, contains porphyry inclusions of albitized
plagioclase and transparent quartz with a size of 8-10 mm. The bulk is fine-
crystalline, represented by a microgranoblastic aggregate of quartz, albite and
kalishpat, partially preserves relict micropoikilospherolite and granophyre
structures.
Intrusive formations of the Duschebulak area tend to its northern part, are
represented by gabbro and serpentinized ultrabasic rocks of the Sultanuizdag
hyperbasite-gabbro-plagiogranite complex υ
2
D
2-3
(?)s.
The rocks perform two arc-shaped kulisovidny fracture zones of the left shift.
In the center there are outcrops of serpentinized ultrabasic rocks, along the edges of
the gabbro intrusion. In a large gabbro outlet, serpentinites form megaxenolites with
tectonized contacts.
Serpentinized ultrabasic rocks form steeply falling bodies 50-550 m wide, 1,7-
9,0 km long; one of the bodies (200x600 m in size) lies hollow. Serpentinite outcrops
are dissected with uneven wavy contact and effusions of the Karakuduk formation,
and terrigenous shales of the Kazansai formation, all contacts are tectonized.
Serpentine is represented by antigorite with rare streaks of fibrous chrysotile.
In dark-colored peridotite relics, olivine secretions are completely replaced by
serpentine, to a lesser extent by tremolite, chlorite, talc and ore, porphyritic
secretions of rhombic pyroxene are replaced by bastite. Rocks contain inclusions of
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magnetite (musketovite), chromite, microinclusions of CO-Ni, sulfides. Single
grains of chromespinelides were found in individual protoloch samples.
Chromites are replaced by magnetite, the contents of Fe
2
O
3
are 47,39-65,56%,
FeO – 18,29-22,55%, Cr
2
O
3
– 5,75-12,0%. Large accumulations of ore minerals
were not found on the area. Serpentinites contain increased amounts of Cu, Zn, Mn
and V, in rare samples the presence of gold up to 0,03 g/t was noted. Along the
western tectonized contacts, leaf-like talc-carbonate and talc-quartz-carbonate rocks
are developed in serpentinites. Lenticular bodies of garnet-pyroxene rocks -
rodingites are noted in large serpentinite bodies, pyroxene is partially replaced by
chlorite and epidote.
Amphibolitized gabbro forms both small (50-100 m wide) and large (up to 1,5
km wide) intrusions, cutting through both volcanites of the Karakuduk formation
and terrigenous shales. The length of gabbro bodies ranges from 300-500 to 5,5 km.
Gabbro has intrusive and tectonized contacts with serpentinites.
Gabbroids have the appearance of light-colored horn-shaped gabbro, multi-
grained, often contain xenoliths of diabases. The rocks have preserved the relict
gabbro structure. The composition contains an equal amount of amphibole and
plagioclase (labrador) or its replacement products - zoisite, clinocoisite, chlorite).
Pyroxene has been preserved in single relic grains. Accessory minerals are rarely
present in gabbro. These are single grains of ore, apatite or sphene.
The rocks of the Sultanuizdag complex are metamorphosed to amphibolite
facies. As raw materials for the production of basalt fiber are not suitable, due to
fragility.
Near the work area from the west there are shallow outcrops of peridotites and
pyroxenites of the Tebinbulak peridotite-pyroxenite-gabbro complex. These rocks
tear the deposits of the Jamansai formation, forming significant fields of contact
changes in the form of quartzites and quartzite-like rocks with rhodonite lenses. As
a raw material for the production of fibers, the rocks of the complex are unsuitable
due to the high content of magnesium, titanium and iron.
The tectonic structure of the Duschebulak- The area is located in an extended
steeply falling rift zone between two deep faults: the south-western Ascheninintau
and the north-eastern - Central.
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The Ashenintau fault falls steeply to the NE, the width of the dislocated rocks
(shales, meta-effusions, serpentinites) is up to 1 km: from the break along the NE
contact of the Jamansai formation to the break along the SOUTH contact of the main
outlet of the Karakuduk formation. Terrigenous shales in the fault zone form
crumpled folds.
The central fault also falls steeply to the north, the Karakuduk formation,
sandwiched between the faults, forms a gentle syncline with the hinge rising in a
northerly direction. The occurrence of layers is inclined, the occurrence of shale is
steep SW and SW at angles of 50-750.
Despite the saturation with intrusive intrusions, significant manifestations of
contact and contact-metasomatic changes and dislocation stress transformations
among the metabasites of the Duschebulak area there are significant areas of
homogeneous rocks suitable for the production of basalt fibers.
Industrial requirements of leading enterprises in the production of continuous
Basalt Fiber.
Compone
nt name
%
“Mega
invest
industrial”
LLC
РСТ УССР
5020-80 for
the
production
of
staple
fibers from
raw
materials
ТУ 21 УССР
410-86 for the
production of
supernosic
fiber from raw
materials
ТУ
21
ГССР 137-
84
for
continuous
fiber
production
from
raw
materials
SATBIC
(KHD) for
the
production
of
continuous
fiber from
raw
materials
SiO
2
47,5-53,0
43,0-51,0
46,0-52,0
47,5-52,5
52,0-54,5
Al
2
O
3
14,0-20,0
11,0-17,0
13,0-18,0
14,0-18,0
14,0-16,3
FeО
6,0-13,5
10,0-18,0
8,0-15,0
7,0-13,5
4,5-5,5
Fe
2
O
3
3,5-4,5
CaO
7,0-11,0
8,0-13,0
6,5-11,0
8,0-11,0
8,0-9,0
MgO
1,0-8,5
4,0-12,0
3,5-10,0
3,5-8,5
6,5-7,5
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K
2
O
1,5-7,5
2,0-5,0
2,0-6,0
2,5-6,0
0,7-1,6
Na
2
O
3,0-3,5
TiO
2
0,2-2,0
0,2-1,6
0,5-2,5
0,2-2,0
1,3-1,6
MnO
0,25
≥0,40
≥0,50
≥0,2
SO
3
0,2
≥1,0
≥0,50
≥0,2
п.п.п.
-
≥3,0
≥5,0
≥4,0
Requirements of "Mega INVEST INDUSTRIAL" LLC for fibers of different
sizes from basalt raw materials
Component
name %
Mass fraction
Rough
fiber
Continuous
fiber
Thin
fiber
Super
thin
SiO2
48,0-
53,0
47,5-55,0
43,0-
51,0
46,0-52,0
Al2O3
13,0-
18,0
14,0-20,0
10,0-
17,0
13,0-18,0
FeO+Fe2O3
8,0-
15,0
7,0-13,5
10,0-
18,0
8,0-15,0
TiO2
0,5-2,0
0,2-2,0
0,2-3,0
0,5-2,5
CaO
6,5-
11,0
7,0-11,0
8,0-
13,0
6,05-11,0
MgO
3,0-
10,0
3,0-8,5
4,0-
15,0
3,5-10,0
Na2O+K2O
2,0-7,5
2,5-7,5
2,0-5,0
2,0-7,5
Mn2O3
≥0,5
≥0,25
≥0,4
≥0,5
SO3
≥1,0
≥0,2
≥1,0
≥0,5
Loss of mass
when heated
≥5,0
≥5,0
≥5,0
≥5,0
Reference
module
1,9-2,5
2,2-3,0
1,7-2,0
1,8-2,4
-
Tough crowd
-
fibers from 15 to 25 microns in diameter and from 5 to 1500
mm in length;
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-
Continuous fiber
-insulating materials for thermal insulation, thermal
equipment, communications, filters for tailoring of exhaust gases from dust in pipes,
mining and metallurgical plants, filters for tailoring of flowing water.
At present, there is a great interest in continuous fibers from basalt rocks. This
interest depends on several factors:
• basalt fibers have high properties of many extruded glass fibers;
• the raw material base for the production of basalt fibers is unlimited in
practice;
• in recent years, technological advances have made it possible to significantly
reduce the CBF production cost to the level of glass fiber production;
-
Fine fiber
-
a layer of randomly placed fibers with a diameter of 9 to 15
microns and a length of 3 to 1500 mm;
-
Super thin
-
a layer of randomly placed fibers with a diameter from 0.5 to 3
microns and a length from 10 to 50 mm;
it is used in the production of sound-proof mats and heat-proof materials,
multilayer woven materials, heat-insulating knitted and sewing materials, soft heat-
proof kidrofob plates, filters and other materials.
According to the Ukrainian laboratory, the industrial requirements for basalt
raw materials for fiber production in 1990 were as follows:
- raw materials must be structurally and structurally homogeneous;
- stable in material composition;
- almost does not contain silicon minerals, iron and magnesium minerals, as
well as minerals rich in phosphorus and sulfur.
The analysis of the quality of the tested raw materials showed that:
- the best - ancient weakly crystallized basalts with basic plagioclase
(albitization is not removed);
- hydrothermally modified rocks are not suitable because quartz, carbonates
are not allowed in the raw material, because the presence of loose quartz slows down
the melting process and carbonates, such as secondary chlorite, cause strong gas
evolution in the production of epidote fibers;
- MgO content should not exceed 7.5%, as its increase affects the
crystallization properties of the solution due to the increase in the upper
crystallization limit;
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- High losses, i.e. the rock must be relatively new, which affects its melting
rate.
In addition, according to Mega Invest Industrial LLC, which is the only basalt
fiber producer in Uzbekistan
- The amount of Al2O3 should be in the range of 14-20%. The reason is that
Al2O3 has a positive effect on the viscosity level of the rock.
If the amount of Al2O3 is low, it is noted that crystallization is observed in
the furnace during the melting of basalt mineral rock.
-If the titanium content exceeds 2%, microscopic examination of the fiber
content revealed the crystallization of the elemental fiber.
- It should be noted that one of the main indicators of the suitability of basalt
fiber is the modulus of acidity, along with physicochemical, mineralogical,
geochemical, petrographic and other properties:
XSiO2+XAl2O3
M
K
= --------------------------
XCaO+XMgO
Where:
Mass fraction of XRmOn-containing oxides.
In addition, the higher the acidity modulus, the more resistant the fiber is to
water and moisture and therefore the more durable it is. However, an increase in the
acidity modulus due to an increase in SiO2 + Al2O3 leads to an increase in the
melting point, an increase in the viscosity of the solution, and a decrease in the
melting efficiency of the final product. It has been experimentally determined that
the modulus of acidity should be at least 1.5–1.8, for single-component basalt
mixtures up to 4.0, and sometimes up to 5.5–7.0.
Acid modulus of samples from Dushebulak area, Podgornyansky and
Marneulsk deposits (laboratory of Mega Invest Industrial LLC)
Object,
№№
sample
(SiO
2
+ Al
2
O
3
) / (
CaO+ MgO)
Dushebuloq
(Uzbekistan)
3,71
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Podgornyanskiy
(Ukraine)
6,8
Marneulsk
(Georgia)
4,69
The degree of viscosity (2.2-3.0) should be considered in the process of
obtaining fiber from basalt raw materials.
The modulus of viscosity is determined using the following formula:
МSiO
2
+2Mal
2
O
3
М
қ
= ----------------------------------------------------------------
2MFe
2
O
3
+MFeO+MCaO+MMgO+MK
2
O+Na
2
O
Here:
Quantitative fraction of oxides in MRmOn-Composition
Molar masses of elements that play an important role in the composition of
raw materials in the production of continuous basalt fiber.
The degree of viscosity of samples from the Dushebulak area, Podgornyansky and
Marneulsk deposits (laboratory of Mega Invest Industrial LLC)
Object, №№ sample
М
қ
Dushebuloq (Uzbekistan)
2,28
Podgornyanskiy (Ukraine)
3,1
Elements
Mol.
mas.
Minerals
Mol.
mas.
O
16
SiO
2
28+(2*16)
60
Si
28
Al
2
O
3
(27*2)+(3*16)
102
Al
27
Fe
2
O
3
(56*2)+(3*16)
160
Fe
56
FeO
56+16
72
Ca
40
CaO
40+16
56
Mg
24
MgO
24+16
40
K
39
K
2
O
(39*2)+16
94
Na
23
Na
2
O
(23*2)+16
62
Ti
48
-
-
-
Mn
55
-
-
-
S
32
-
-
-
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Marneulsk (Georgia)
2,6
The clay-soil level has a large effect on the viscosity in the production of
continuous basalt fibers and is calculated by the following formula:
Al
2
O
3
al
1
=--------------------------
Fe
2
O
3
+FeO+MgO
Thus, the clay-soil content of basaltoids should be al
1
> 1.
The following table shows the clay-soil content of the samples taken from the
prospective areas.
Object, №№ sample
al
1
Dushebuloq (Uzbekistan)
0,75
Podgornyanskiy (Ukraine)
1,25
Marneulsk (Georgia)
1,15
In conclusion, it should be noted that in the main volcanic rocks in the
Dushebulak area, chromites are replaced by magnetites, content Fe
2
O
3
-47,39-
65,56%, FeO – 118,29-22,55%, Cr
2
O
3
– 5,75-12,0%.
No large accumulations of ore
minerals were found in the area. Serpentinites contain increased amounts of Cu, Zn,
Mn and V; rare samples contain gold up to 0.03 g / t. Listvenite-like talc-carbonate
and talc-quartz-carbonate rocks are developed along the western tectonized contacts
in serpentinite. Large bodies of serpentinites contain lenticular bodies of garnet-
pyroxene, pyroxene is partially replaced by chlorite and epidote.
Within the area, the section of the Kurakuduk Formation grows from north to
southeast, therefore, searches for subvolcanic basalts of purer composition should
be concentrated in its northern part.
The middle part of the section of the Karakuduk Formation is formed by
metaandesites. They lie gently on the basalts in the form of a deposit with a thickness
of 140 m.
They are represented by green-stone altered plagioclase porphyrites of
greenish-gray color. Porphyroclasts of albitized plagioclase account for 25-30%, the
bulk of 70-75%. Chemical analysis of the sample identifies the rock as high-alumina
soda series andesites. Due to the high SiO2 content of more than 60%, andesites are
not suitable for the production of fibers.
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As an example, the world's leading, modern plants and factories (Mega Invest
Industrial LLC, TU 21 USSR 410-86, TU 21 GSSR 137-84, SATBIC (KHD))
produce continuous basalt fiber. it can be seen that the oxides of the chemical
composition of the raw materials used in the extraction are limited in a precise range.
In addition, the different proportions of oxides in the production of fiber from basalt
solution determine their viscosity, acidity modulus and clay-soil content. The
viscosity of the basalt solution has a large effect on the diameter of the fiber
produced. The viscosity of the samples taken from the Dushebulak plot was shown
to be within the norm (2,2–3,0).
The higher the acidity modulus, the more resistant the fiber is to water
and moisture. However, an increase in the acidity modulus due to an increase in
SiO2 + Al2O3 leads to an increase in the melting point, an increase in the viscosity
of the solution, and a decrease in the melting efficiency of the final product. Showed
that the acidity modulus was normal in all samples taken from the Dushebulak plot.
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