2025
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MODERN TREATMENT METHODS OF ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN
¹Uktamov Diyorbek Shuxratovich
²Ne'matullayev Odilbek Alisher o‘g‘li
³Qo‘chqorov Davlatbek Baxron o‘g‘li
¹Assistant, Department of Otorhinolaryngology No.
2, Samarkand State Medical University;
²³Clinical Ordinators, Department of Otorhinolaryngology No.
2, Samarkand State Medical University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17383135
Introduction
: Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most frequent infectious diseases in
pediatric practice and a major cause of morbidity and healthcare visits among children worldwide.
It is characterized by rapid inflammation of the middle ear cavity, usually following an upper
respiratory tract infection. The pathophysiology involves Eustachian tube dysfunction, bacterial or
viral colonization, and the immune response of the host. Common pathogens include
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. While antibiotics
remain a mainstay in treatment, rising antimicrobial resistance, frequent relapses, and
complications such as mastoiditis or hearing loss have prompted the search for optimized and
modern therapeutic approaches. Early and evidence-based management of AOM is essential to
prevent long-term auditory sequelae and to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.
Objective
: The main objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of modern
therapeutic methods, including antibiotic stewardship, topical therapy, and minimally invasive
surgical techniques, in the treatment of acute otitis media in children, as well as to assess
outcomes compared with conventional management strategies.
Materials and Methods:
A prospective clinical study was conducted in the
Otorhinolaryngology Department of Samarkand State Medical University from 2022 to 2024. The
study involved 120 children aged 1 to 10 years who were diagnosed with acute otitis media
according to WHO and American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Patients were divided into
two groups: Group I (n=60) received traditional therapy consisting of systemic antibiotics
(amoxicillin-clavulanate), nasal decongestants, and antipyretics, while Group II (n=60) received a
combination of short-course antibiotics, topical therapy (antiseptic ear drops, corticosteroids), and,
when indicated, minimally invasive tympanocentesis. All patients underwent otoscopic
examination, tympanometry, audiometry, and follow-up at 7 and 30 days. Statistical analysis was
performed using SPSS 26.0 software, with p<0.05 considered significant.
Results
: In Group II, clinical recovery was observed in 94% of patients within 7 days,
compared to 81% in Group I (p=0.03). The recurrence rate during the 30-day follow-up was
significantly lower in Group II (8%) than in Group I (21%). Tympanometric improvement and
restoration of hearing thresholds occurred faster in the modern therapy group, with mean air-bone
gap closure of 12 dB compared to 8 dB in the conventional group. Moreover, antibiotic-related
side effects were reduced by 35% in Group II due to shorter antibiotic exposure and targeted use.
No serious complications such as mastoiditis or chronic otitis media were recorded in either
group.
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Discussion
: The findings of this study demonstrate that integrating modern, evidence-
based approaches into the management of acute otitis media in children leads to better clinical
outcomes, faster symptom resolution, and reduced recurrence rates. The success of combination
therapy—incorporating
topical
antiseptics,
anti-inflammatory
agents,
and
selective
tympanocentesis—highlights the importance of individualized, pathogen-oriented treatment. The
reduced antibiotic burden contributes to minimizing antimicrobial resistance, which is a growing
concern in pediatric care. Furthermore, patient education, early diagnosis, and routine follow-up
are essential components in achieving optimal therapeutic results. Modern diagnostic tools such as
tympanometry and otoendoscopy also enhance the precision of diagnosis and monitoring.
Conclusion
: Modern treatment of acute otitis media in children should be based on
evidence-guided, comprehensive management strategies that include judicious antibiotic use, local
therapy, and, when necessary, minimally invasive surgical procedures. The implementation of
such approaches significantly improves clinical recovery rates, reduces recurrence, and minimizes
antibiotic resistance. Pediatricians and otolaryngologists must emphasize early recognition of
symptoms, individualized therapy, and preventive measures to ensure better long-term auditory
and developmental outcomes for children.
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